Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the Rotterdam Study, prevalence and determinants of chronic diseases in the elderly (age > or = 55 years), were investigated in inhabitants of Ommoord, a suburb of Rotterdam. The study focused on cardiac diseases (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, cardiovascular risk factors), glaucoma, macular degeneration, osteoporosis, osteoarthrosis and invalidity, dementia (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease), epilepsy, cerebrovascular accident. The number of participants was 7983 (3105 men, 4878 women), a response of 78%. The participants were interviewed and were twice examined in an out-patient clinic. The results will be described in subsequent issues of this journal.
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PMID:[Prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly; the ERGO study (Erasmus Rotterdam Health and the Elderly)]. 747 40

Bone mineral density (BMD) in 22 patients (three females, 19 males, aged 58-76 years) with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) was measured by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) using a M&SE OsteoTech 300 scanner. The BMDs of the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebrae were measured and the mean density was presented as g cm-2. The BMD of the PD patients was compared with normal BMD values within the same age groups, and the patients were interpreted as normal, suffering mild osteoporosis or severe osteoporosis. The patients were divided into two groups according to (a) the Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) scale as high or low, or based on (b) the duration of the disease as long or short, for comparison. The prevalence of abnormal BMD in each subgroup of patients was calculated. The results show that the BMD of all the PD patients was lower than those of the normal controls. The PD patients with a high H-Y scale had a higher prevalence of severe osteoporosis. However, the difference between any two groups, separated by the two criteria, is not significant by Fisher's test. We find that PD patients have a higher incidence of severe osteoporosis.
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PMID:Bone mineral density in patients with Parkinson's disease measured by dual photon absorptiometry. 819 Apr 8

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder and tends to occur in elderly people, who sometimes develop age-related osteoporosis. Pathological bone changes seem to affect the outcome and prognosis of PD. We studied the relationship between bone changes and PD. Bone examination was conducted by multiple scanning X-ray photodensitometry in 70 patients with PD and 46 age-matched controls. We then compared the results with the clinical characteristics of PD. Of the 70 patients, 44 were women and 26 were men; the mean ages were 65.5 +/- 7.9 (mean +/- SD) and 63.4 +/- 9.9 years, respectively. Of the 46 controls, 25 were women and 21 were men, with mean ages of 61.4 +/- 10.2 and 60.3 +/- 9.3 years, respectively. Osteopenia was detected in 26 (59%) of the 44 female, and 5 (19%) of the 26 male patients, and in 6 (24%) of the 25 female and 2 (9%) of the 21 male controls. The frequency of osteopenia was significantly greater in the female patients than in the male patients or the female controls. The mean Hoehn & Yahr stage of female patients with osteopenia was more severe than that of those without osteopenia, with a significant difference between the two groups. Osteopenia in men was related to the duration of PD, but this was not so in the women. The female patients without osteopenia tended to have earlier onset of PD and longer duration of the disease and treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bone changes in Parkinson's disease]. 821 95

The low risk of aging Africans, as opposed to high risk of Caucasians, to certain major disorders, including Parkinson's disease, myocardial infarction, osteoporosis and fractures, some rheumatic diseases, and an overall reduced incidence of cancer, has not been explained. In this study it is proposed, firstly, that relative risk is determined by a common physiological mechanism in which ANS status and calcium metabolism play a central role; secondly, that distinctive features of this mechanism in Africans may be subtly increased vagal tone, relatively enhanced dopaminergic versus noradrenergic activity, and an efficient dopamine/vitamin D-parathormone, anabolic hormone regulation of bone metabolism, and cell calcium homeostasis; and thirdly, that the neuroendocrine-metabolic context determines the response to specific stimuli; consequently, 'risk' factors, as defined for particular disorders, are not universally applicable. Maintained dopaminergic activity, as proposed for Africans, coupled with low risk to certain disorders, confirms the experimentally demonstrated paramount importance of this neurotransmitter in retarding aging processes in animals. The neuroendocrine profile as defined for Africans is consistent with a potentially extended period of physical and mental competence and a conceivable shorter duration of involutionary decline.
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PMID:Low risk to certain diseases in aging: role of the autonomic nervous system and calcium metabolism. 823 Dec 92

A population-based case-control study was conducted to examine the effects of past and recent physical activity on the risk of hip fracture in women. Cases included females aged 55-84 years with a first diagnosis of hip fracture in 1989 in metropolitan Toronto, Canada. Controls were a population-based random sample frequency matched by 5-year age groups. Data were collected on 381 cases and 1,138 controls by self-administered mailed questionnaires or telephone interviews. Past activity was calculated as a compilation of activity scores at ages 16, 30, and 50 years. Recent activity was defined as activity in the past year for controls and activity in the year before fracture for cases. Multiple logistic regression was used to control for age, previous fracture, obesity, smoking, osteoporosis, epilepsy, stroke or Parkinson's disease, daily intake of dietary calcium, and duration of use of supplemental calcium, fluoride, and estrogen. After recent activity was adjusted for, statistically significant effects were found for women who in the past had been active (odds ratio estimate (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.96) or very active (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.33-0.88). After past activity was adjusted for, a similar protective effect was found for women who were moderately active recently (OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.41-0.90), but women who were very active recently were not protected from hip fracture (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.72-1.83). This study showed evidence of independent protective effects of past physical activity and of moderate levels of recent physical activity on the risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:Past and recent physical activity and risk of hip fracture. 834 29

We investigated osteoporosis and fractures in Parkinson's disease in stage II to V according to Hoehn and Yahr's disability scale. The bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine was measured in 82 patients (24 males and 58 females) and in 99 age-matched controls (28 males and 71 females) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and compression fractures of the vertebrae were assessed on X-ray films. BMD decreased with age in females and was lower in females 60 years of age or over than in males at the same age. BMD in the female patients was significantly lower than in the female controls. The female patients in stage III to V had lower BMD than those in stage II. Both male and female patients with a body mass index (BMI) below 21 showed a lower BMD than those with a BMI of 21 or more. Five male (20.8%) and 37 female (63.8%) patients were diagnosed as osteoporosis. In particular 77.8% of the females aged 60 years or older had osteoporosis. Thirty-three patients (7 males and 26 females) had experienced fractures or were found to have vertebral compression fractures on X-ray films. These results suggested that osteoporosis and fractures are common in female patients with Parkinson's disease and that prevention of fractures must be important especially for patients with osteoporosis.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis and fractures in Parkinson's disease]. 855 87

Low back pain in the elderly has a much wider range of possible causes than in younger patients. In addition to nonspecific mechanical causes, malignancy presenting as back pain occurs more often in older patients. Other systemic and visceral causes of back pain such as polymyalgia rheumatica, aortic aneurysm, Paget disease, Parkinson disease, and osteoporosis with compression fracture occur almost exclusively in persons over age 50. Keys to diagnosis and management of low back pain in older patients are presented.
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PMID:Evaluating back pain in older patients. 998 54

Immobility is common in older people and may impact on their dental care. Immobility in old age may have physical, psychological and environmental causes. Immobile elderly people often suffer from a number of diseases which worsen their mobility. Arthritis, osteoporosis, hip fracture, stroke and Parkinson's disease are among the most common causes of immobility in old age. Complications of immobility such as orthostatic hypotension may occur in the dental patient. Careful history-taking and a thorough physical examination by the physician are the most important parts of the assessment process. This assessment should lead to a list of active problems and treatment should then be aimed at these problems. Active management, carried out by the multidisciplinary team, will lead to improvements in mobility and lessen the frequency and severity of the complications of immobility. This broad description thus provides the basis for a wide understanding for the special problems that the immobile patient present to the practitioner and ways of overcoming the problems.
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PMID:Mobility in old age. 1082 44

We discuss two types of age-associated diseases; aging-dependent such as Alzheimer's disease and congestive heart failure which increase logarithmically with age, versus age-dependent such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which occur at proscribed ages, and then occurrence of new cases ceases or diminishes with further aging. Prevention strategies with both types emphasize postponement or delay of onset. The non-fatal aging-dependent diseases and conditions are an accumulating burden as we age, and increase overall morbidity in late years. These include Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, loss of vision and hearing, incontinence, osteoporosis and hip fracture, osteoarthritis and depression. With mortality postponed, we will be living for many years at old and vulnerable ages. Life's quality will be reasonable for most. Still, increasing the chance that all will experience this desirable outcome requires pursuing the means to delay the onset of the physical and social events which we categorize as the non-fatal aging-dependent diseases and conditions. We must recognize that each added year occurs at the tip of an exponential curve where risk is maximal.
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PMID:Age-associated diseases and conditions: implications for decreasing late life morbidity. 1140 87

Many common problems encountered in the ageing patient can be related to neuroendocrine phenomena. These include Alzheimer's disease, dementia and cognitive dysfunction, depression, Parkinson's disease, hyponatraemia and the postmenopausal increase in both vascular risk and osteoporosis. This review concentrates on the hypothalamic neuroendocrine system, including the dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic, cholinergic and neurohypophyseal systems and the roles of the anterior pituitary and monoamine oxidases, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, corticotrophin-releasing factor, the pro-opiomelanocortin-derived and opioid peptides, peptides involved in growth hormone and thyrotropin regulation, and amino acid transmitters.
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PMID:Neuroendocrinology of ageing. 1150 4


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