Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intracranial neoplasms are an uncommon cause of symptomatic Parkinsonism and rest tremor. We found an incidence of 0.3% in a prospective evaluation of 907 patients with supratentorial tumours. Eight patients with Parkinsonism and rest tremor secondary to supratentorial tumours sparing the basal ganglia are reported. Neuro-imaging revealed compression and distortion of the basal ganglia by large tumours which were identified histopathologically as meningiomas in four patients and as an epidermoid, a fibrillary astrocytoma, an anaplastic oligodendroglioma and a glioblastoma. Six patients underwent tumour removal by craniotomy, in two the histopathology was obtained by stereotactic biopsy. Four patients were free of Parkinsonian symptoms and signs on long-term follow-up. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved are discussed. Since some of these patients closely resemble cases of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and the movement disorder can precede other symptoms and signs or will remain isolated in the further course, the diagnosis of an intracranial neoplasm was generally delayed in these patients. Increased awareness of this rare entity may lead to an earlier diagnosis. Early computed tomography in patients with Parkinsonism might help to detect these patients with a potentially curable cause of their condition.
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PMID:Parkinsonism and rest tremor secondary to supratentorial tumours sparing the basal ganglia. 856 Oct 31

(99m)Tc TRODAT-1, a selective dopamine transporter SPECT imaging agent, has demonstrated its efficacy in identifying patients with Parkinson disease. Primary or metastatic brain neoplasm uptake of TRODAT-1 is rarely reported in literatures. A 51-year-old female patient underwent TRODAT-1 study for bradykinesia and altered cognitive function; the images showed abnormal extrastriatal uptake in the right frontal lobe subsequent to operation, and pathological examination confirmed anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Care should be taken in interpreting TRODAT-1 image; any focus on abnormal accumulation of radiotracer should not be overlooked because it can be brain neoplasm as demonstrated in this case.
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PMID:Increased 99mTc TRODAT-1 uptake in anaplastic oligodendroglioma. 2360 2

Sphingolipids are enriched in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and display multiple biological functions. They participate in tissue development, cell recognition and adhesion, and act as receptors for toxins. During myelination, a variety of interactive molecules such as myelin basic protein, myelin associated glycoprotein, phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids, etc., participate in a complex fashion. Precise roles of some sphingolipids in myelination still remain unexplored. Our investigation delineated participation of several sphingolipids in myelination during rat brain development as well as in human brain demyelination during pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). These sphingolipids included Ceramide (Cer)/dihydroceramide (dhCer), Sphingosine (Sph)/dihydrosphingosine (dhSph), and glucosyl/galactosylceramide (glc/galCer) as we detected these by column chromatography, high performance thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Cer/dhCer level rises during rat brain development starting at Embryonic stage (E) until postnatal day (P21), then gradually falls until the maturity (P30 and onwards), and remains steady maintaining a constant ratio (4-4.5:1) throughout the brain development. GlcCer is the initial Monoglycosylceramide (MGC) that appears at early Postnatal stage (P8) and then GalCer appears at P10 with an increasing trend until P21 and its concentration remains unaltered. Sph and dhSph profiles show a similar trend with an initial peak at P10 and then a comparatively smaller peak at P21 maintaining a ratio of (2-2.5:1) of Sph:dhSph. The profiles of all these sphingolipids, specifically at P21, clearly indicate their importance during rat brain development but somewhat unspecified roles in myelination. While Cer has been reported to involve in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, Sph being a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C has recently been implicated in CNS demyelination due to MS. Inflammatory cytokines stimulate Sph elevation in MS brains and lead to demyelination due to oligodendrocyte death as we examined by using human oligodendroglioma culture. In conclusions, sphingolipids are essential for brain development but they have deleterious effects in demyelinating diseases such as MS.
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PMID:Diverse Biological Functions of Sphingolipids in the CNS: Ceramide and Sphingosine Regulate Myelination in Developing Brain but Stimulate Demyelination during Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. 3033 69

F-FP-CIT PET is a useful modality for imaging dopamine transporters. It has excellent resolution compared with I-beta-CIT SPECT and is widely used clinically for the evaluation of Parkinson disease. In general, the main focus of F-FP-CIT PET imaging is the basal ganglia, and it is important to observe whether F-FP-CIT uptake is normal in the putamen and caudate nuclei. However, abnormal findings may be seen in other brain regions besides the basal ganglia. Here, we present a case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma, a high-grade tumor, which was found as an incidental photopenic lesion on F-FP-CIT PET/CT.
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PMID:Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma Found as an Incidental Photopenic Lesion on 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT Image. 3067 61