Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Associations between hyperthyroidism and Parkinson disease have been reported. The treatment of the hyperthyroid state seems to improve the extrapyramidal symptomatology. We report a case of a woman suffering from Parkinson disease and hypothyroidism. The treatment with thyroxine increased parkinsonian tremor. Dopamine regulation of TSH circadian and pulsatile release is not clear. These observations stress the possible role of thyroid hormones in regulating dopaminergic metabolism.
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PMID:[Dysthyroidism and Parkinson's disease]. 222 22

Many of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are similar to those seen in patients with hypothyroidism. The diagnosis of myxoedema may easily be overlooked when occurring together with Parkinson's disease. We studied 52 patients with Parkinson's disease and found normal thyroid values and TSH-levels in all patients except one, who turned out to have an incipient hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Thyroid function in patients with Parkinson's disease. 361 14

In a recent paper (Barbeau and Pourcher, 1982) we demonstrated that so-called "idiopathic" Parkinson's disease is not a homogeneous entity, and defined the existence of a sub-group of patients with genetic parkinsonism. To investigate this last possibility, and to uncover possible metabolic clues as to the etiology of such cases, we carried out a prospective study of 50 kindreds with "familial" parkinsonism. Two control groups were similarly studied: 50 kindreds with essential tremor (neurological control group) and 50 kindreds originating from spouses of the previous patients (non neurological control group). We uncovered two main patterns of genetic transmission within the parkinsonian patients: a parkinsonism related to dominant essential tremor (34 kindreds; 10% of all Parkinsonians) and a recessive "akineto-rigid syndrome" (10 kindreds; 3-4% of all Parkinsonians). A further 4 kindreds assumed a pseudo-dominant pattern but were probably recessive. Finally 2 kindreds were obviously other entities presenting as "phenocopies" of Parkinson's disease. Metabolically, hyperthyroidism appeared to be more frequent in essential tremor and "essential-tremor related parkinsonism" kindreds, while hypothyroidism and possibly hypoparathyroidism (post surgery) seemed more frequent in the recessive akineto-rigid syndrome kindreds.
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PMID:A prospective study of 50 cases of familial Parkinson's disease. 683 26

We conducted a prospective study of thyroid function in 46 patients with Parkinson disease and 46 age- and sex-matched controls with other neurologic disease. There was no statistical difference in serum thyroxine (T4) and T3 resin uptake (T3U) between the two groups. Neither the duration nor the quantity of L-dopa or carbidopa/L-dopa (Sinemet) therapy influenced these assessments of thyroid function. However, 3 of 46 Parkinson patients were hypothyroid, whereas none of 46 controls was hypothyroid. There was one hyperthyroid individual in each group. Early evaluation of thyroid function in all patients with Parkinson disease is recommended because of the unexpected frequency of hypothyroidism and because hypothyroid symptoms may be masked.
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PMID:Thyroid function in Parkinson disease. 719 33

The role of imaging in the evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders is summarized. The primary role of imaging is to exclude potentially treatable disorders such as meningioma, extracerebral hematoma, Wernicke's disease, and hypothyroidism. Atrophic changes dominate in the hippocampal region on Alzheimer's disease versus the anterior, frontal, and temporal lobes in Pick's disease. Signal hypointensity in the putamen on T2-weighted spin-echo images favors poorly drug-responsive Parkinson's disease whereas putaminal hyperintensity is observed with Creutzfeldt-Jacob, Wilson's, and Leigh's diseases. As our population ages, a thorough understanding of imaging findings in a geriatric population assumes an increasing importance.
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PMID:The hippocampus in aging and Alzheimer's disease. 774 78

Both prevalence and incidence of AD increase steeply with advancing age in all populations investigated thus far. In general, women have higher prevalence and incidence; however, there are exceptions to this pattern. When considering only methodologically comparable surveys, and taking age into account, there are no major geographic differences in either prevalence or incidence. Data on incidence are unfortunately limited worldwide. There are no major time trends in either prevalence or incidence. The only definite risk factors for AD are age and familial aggregation. Putative risk factors are familial aggregation of Down's syndrome, familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease, late maternal age, head trauma, history of depression, and history of hypothyroidism. Cigarette smoking was found to be less common in the history of patients with AD than in that of controls. This association is probably spurious, however. Unfortunately, current knowledge about risk factors for AD does not justify the conduct of preventive trials or the introduction of large-scale interventions.
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PMID:Frequency, distribution, and risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. 812 14

Development of hypothyroidism in a patient with Parkinson's disease may be overlooked because the clinical manifestations of the two disorders are similar. In addition, drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease may mask the slight rise in thyrotropin level that is characteristic of the early stages of hypothyroidism. In this article, the authors discuss a case in which the diagnosis of hypothyroidism was delayed in a patient who had previously been diagnosed with signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
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PMID:Parkinson's disease camouflaging early signs of hypothyroidism. 815 47

The authors evaluated the prevalence of dementia in centenarians. In this population-based survey, persons living in Denmark who turned 100 during the period April 1, 1995--May 31, 1996 (N = 276) were interviewed and examined at their residences. Additional health information was retrieved from medical files, including the National Discharge Registry. A participation rate was 75%, and no differences were found between participants and nonparticipants regarding sex and type of housing. The prevalence of mild to severe dementia in centenarians was 51%; 37% had no signs of dementia. Among the 105 demented centenarians, 13 (12%) had diseases (vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies, hypothyroidism, Parkinson's disease) that could contribute to a dementia diagnosis. Of the remaining 92 demented participants, 46 (50%) had 1 one or more cerebro- or cardiovascular diseases known to be risk factors in the development of dementia. The prevalence of these risk factors was the same in demented and nondemented participants, whereas hypertension was significantly more frequent in nondemented than demented participants. Dementia is common but not inevitable in centenarians. Cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases are equally common in demented and nondemented persons.
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PMID:Dementia is not inevitable: a population-based study of Danish centenarians. 1131 33

Four outcomes that evidence suggests are candidates for "environmental causation" were chosen for analysis: diabetes, Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental effects and hypothyroidism, and deficits in intelligence quotient (IQ). These are an enormous burden in the United States, Canada, and other industrial countries. We review findings on actual social and economic costs, construct estimates of some of the costs from pertinent sources, and provide several hypothetical examples consistent with published evidence. Many detailed costs are estimated, but these are fragmented and missing in coverage and jurisdiction. Nonetheless, the cumulative costs identified are very large, totaling $568 billion to $793 billion per year for Canada and the United States combined. Partial Canadian costs alone are $46 billion to $52 billion per year. Specifics include diabetes (United States and Canada), $128 billion per year; PD in the United States, $13 billion to $28.5 billion per year; neurodevelopmental deficits and hypothryoidism are endemic and, including estimates of costs of childhood disorders that evidence suggests are linked, amount to $81.5 billion to $167 billion per year for the United States and $2 billion per year in Ontario; loss of 5 IQ points cost $30 billion per year in Canada and $275 billion to $326 billion per year in the United States; and hypothetical dynamic economic impacts cost another $19 billion to $92 billion per year for the United States and Canada combined. Reasoned arguments based on the weight of evidence can support the hypothesis that at least 10%, up to 50% of these costs are environmentally induced--between $57 billion and $397 billion per year.
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PMID:Societal costs of exposure to toxic substances: economic and health costs of four case studies that are candidates for environmental causation. 1174 7

A 73-year-old African American female presented to our clinic with painful lower extremity lesions of 2 weeks duration. She was in her usual state of health until 3 months prior to presentation when she reported symptoms of fatigue and weakness. She also noticed an enlarging mass on the left side of her neck. She denied fevers, chills, night sweats or cough. Her symptoms were unresponsive to a course of oral dicloxacillin. The neck mass enlarged over 8 weeks and she was referred to our institution for evaluation. CT scan of the neck showed an enlarged lymph node. Ten days prior to her presentation in dermatology, a fine needle aspirate of the enlarging lymph node revealed necrotizing granulomas. Tissue was sent for routine mycobacterial and fungal cultures. Routine blood work, chest radiograph, and a tuberculin skin test were also performed. At the time of her dermatology visit she described the development of multiple new painful, non-pruritic lesions, bilaterally on the lower extremities. She also reported a red crusted area that appeared at the site of her tuberculin test that was placed subsequent to the development of her lower extremity lesions. Her past medical history was significant for Parkinson's disease, hypothyroidism and hypertension. Her current medications included l-thyroxine, estrogen and diltiazem. Her travel history was only remarkable for a trip to Jamaica the previous spring. She was born and raised in Haiti. She reported a history of a positive tuberculin skin test 20 years ago, but received no therapy. Physical examination revealed a 2 x 3 centimeter firm, nontender left lateral neck mass (Fig. 1). Her right forearm revealed an erythematous, ulcerated, indurated plaque 1.5 cm in diameter (Fig. 2.). Her lower extremities revealed tender 0.5 to 1 cm erythematous nodules below the knees bilaterally (Fig. 3). A punch biopsy of a lower extremity nodule revealed a mild pervisacular dermal infiltrate. Within the subcutaneous tissue there was septal widening. There was also a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with a slight admixture of neutrophils within the septa of the fat lobules. There was no evidence of necrotizing vasculitis or collagen necrosis. An acid-fast stain was not performed. The histologic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of erythema nodosum. Her laboratory evaluation including CBC, electrolytes, thyroid studies, angiotensin converting enzyme level and chest radiograph were normal. Approximately 1 week after her dermatological evaluation, the fine-needle aspirate culture grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis associated with erythema nodosum was confirmed. The patient was started on quadruple therapy of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. Her lower limb skins lesions rapidly resolved over the subsequent month and her neck mass also diminished in size. She completed 6 months of antituberculous therapy with complete resolution of her lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Erythema nodosum associated with reactivation tuberculous lymphadenitis (scrofula). 1201 Mar 45


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