Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many degenerative human diseases reflect damage to cells that are not normally repaired or replaced, such as diabetes, Parkinson's disease, hepatic failure and congestive heart failure. Preliminary studies in animals and humans have suggested that these diseases may be treatable by transplantation of healthy cells. Such cells may be obtained by in vitro culture of embryonic stem cells, which are capable of differentiating into many cell types. This review discusses applicative approaches for the derivation, maintenance and safety of human embryonic stem (hES) cells as well as ethical concerns surrounding their possible source for cellular therapy. hES cells offer broad application in cellular therapy; however, this review specifically emphasizes on cardiovascular repair, generation and characterization of hES cell-derived cardiomyocytes, vascular progenitors and differentiation of derivatives.
 ...
PMID:Human embryonic stem cells: a potential source for cellular therapy. 1487 Dec 74

Symptoms or signs of abnormal autonomic nervous system function occur commonly in several neurological disorders. Clinical evaluations have depended on physiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical approaches. Recently, imaging of sympathetic noradrenergic innervation has been introduced and applied especially in the heart. Most studies have used the radiolabeled sympathomimetic amine, (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. Decreased uptake or increased "washout" of (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine-derived radioactivity is associated with worse prognosis or more severe disease in hypertension, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and diabetes mellitus. This pattern may reflect a high rate of postganglionic sympathetic nerve traffic to the heart. Many recent studies have agreed on the remarkable finding that all patients with Parkinson's disease and orthostatic hypotension have a loss of cardiac sympathetic innervation, whereas all patients with multiple system atrophy, often difficult to distinguish clinically from Parkinson's disease, have intact cardiac sympathetic innervation. Because Parkinson's disease entails a postganglionic sympathetic noradrenergic lesion, the disease appears to be not only a movement disorder, with dopamine loss in the nigrostriatal system of the brain, but also a dysautonomia, with noradrenaline loss in the sympathetic nervous system of the heart. As new ligands are developed, one may predict further discoveries of involvement of components of the autonomic nervous system in neurological diseases.
 ...
PMID:Imaging of the autonomic nervous system: focus on cardiac sympathetic innervation. 1508 63

A 58-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease was treated with high-dose pergolide for 10 years. After the addition of citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, to treat an anxiety disorder, she developed cardiac decompensation that was most likely related to typical pergolide-related fibroproliferative abnormalities of the tricuspidal, aortic and mitral valves, without cardiomyopathy or coronary heart disease. The aortic and tricuspidal valves were replaced with prosthetics and pergolide was switched to ropinirol. At a control visit after one year, patient's heart function was stable. Pergolide is an ergot-derived dopamine agonist used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless-legs syndrome. In 2002, it was first associated with heart-valve defects. Patients treated with pergolide should be monitored for clinical signs of heart-valve failure. If there is no evidence of heart-valve defects, then regular monitoring of cardiac function is indicated. In case of indications of heart-valve failure pergolide should be discontinued. In some cases the heart-valve abnormalitites are reversible.
 ...
PMID:[Severe insuffiency of the aortic and tricuspidal valves associated with pergolide use]. 1586 96

An 85-year-old woman with Parkinson's disease was admitted to our hospital to conduct a further work-up for progressive gait disturbance. She had been on medications for the disease for more than a decade prior to admission. In order to improve her condition, she was newly administered pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, from day 3 in addition to the preceding anti-Parkinson's therapy. However, on day 10, her consciousness level was rapidly deteriorated into delirium(JCS II-10), which was not accompanied by neurological signs and symptoms. Laboratory tests showed severe hyponatoremia with relatively increased urinary sodium excretion, and severe low serum osmolarity with an increased urinary osmolarity. Brain CT and brain MRI showed no specific abnormalities except for those related to aging. Blood concentration of ADH measured at the onset was substantially higher(39.5 pg/ml) than normal (0.3-3.5 pg/ml under normal osmolarity). Diseases causing hyponatremia, such as liver cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, hypotonic dehydration, and malignancy-associated inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), were all excluded. Under the suspicion of SIADH due to pramipexole, the drug was discontinued and as a result, her consciousness level improved rapidly together with a prompt reduction in ADH level (9.2 pg/ml). To the best of our knowledge, the present case is the first that demonstrates pramipexole-induced SIADH. Since pramipexole is classified as a dopaminergic receptor agonist, this case may provide new insight into a link between ADH and the dopaminergic receptor in the central nervous system.
 ...
PMID:[Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) induced by pramipexole in a patient with Parkinson's disease]. 1613 Apr 8

Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance used in the treatment of a variety of disorders primarily related to suboptimal cellular energy metabolism and oxidative injury. Studies supporting the efficacy of coenzyme Q10 appear most promising for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and certain encephalomyopathies for which coenzyme Q10 has gained orphan drug status. Results in other areas of research, induding treatment of congestive heart failure and diabetes, appear to be contradictory or need further clarification before proceeding with recommendations. Coenzyme Q10 appears to be a safe supplement with minimal side effects and low drug interaction potential.
 ...
PMID:Coenzyme Q10. 1619 May 4

A possible cause of motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson disease is the erratic drug absorption. In a randomized double-blind double-dummy study of melevodopa (levodopa methyl ester), a highly soluble levodopa pro-drug plus carbidopa (CHF 1512) was compared to a standard formulation of levodopa/carbidopa (LD/CD) in 74 fluctuating Parkinson disease patients. The first afternoon, LD/CD tablet was substituted with an equimolar dose of CHF 1512. The study lasted 4 weeks and was followed by an 8-week (optional) open phase. The primary efficacy variable was latency to "on." Patients randomized to receive CHF 1512 had a significative shorter latency to "on" than those randomized to LD/CD and a similar "on" duration. The safety profile of CHF 1512 was also comparable with LD/CD.
 ...
PMID:Clinical efficacy of a single afternoon dose of effervescent levodopa-carbidopa preparation (CHF 1512) in fluctuating Parkinson disease. 1727 66

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) may be dependent upon various neurogenic and non-neurogenic disorders and conditions. Neurogenic causes include the main autonomic failure syndromes, primary (multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and autonomic failure associated with Parkinson's disease) and secondary (central nervous system diseases, peripheral neuropathies and systemic diseases). Non-neurogenic causes of OH include cardiac impairment, fluid and electrolyte loss, vasodilatation, and old age. A number of drugs may also cause OH, through their vasoactive action or by interfering with the autonomic nervous system. Symptoms of OH are debilitating, often confining patients to bed, and longitudinal studies have shown that OH increases the risk of stroke, myocardial ischemia and mortality. The therapeutic goal is to decrease the incidence and severity of postural symptoms, rather than restore normotension. In non-neurogenic OH, treatment of the underlying cause may be curative. In neurogenic OH a combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures is often needed. Patient education and non-pharmacological measures represent the first step; among these interventions, fluid repletion and physical countermanoeuvres have been proven very effective. Pharmacological treatment comprises a number of agents acting on blood vessels, on blood volume or with other pressor mechanisms. The drugs most currently used are fludrocortisone and midodrine. Fludrocortisone expands the extravascular body fluid volume and improves alpha-adrenergic sensitivity. Midodrine is a peripheral, selective alpha1-adrenergic agonist that causes arterial and venous vasoconstriction. Despite the wide use of these drugs, multicentre, randomised and controlled studies for the treatment of OH are still scarce and limited to few agents and groups of patients. Pharmacological management of OH substantially improves the quality of life of patients, although it may be problematic. The development of supine hypertension and subsequent congestive heart failure should be avoided, especially in those patients with a pre-existing cardiovascular risk, such as in diabetes or ischemic heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Orthostatic hypotension: evaluation and treatment. 1734 29

We examined the relation of type 2 diabetes mellitus to parkinsonian signs in older persons. Participants were 1030 women and men (mean age 80.3 y, education 14.5 y, Mini-Mental State Examination 27.9) without dementia or Parkinson disease, enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an epidemiologic study of aging. We used separate linear and logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and education, to examine the relation of diabetes, identified by history and medication inspection, to each of the scores of global parkinsonian signs and 4 separate parkinsonian signs. Diabetes was present in 140 (14%) participants. Most participants had mild parkinsonian signs. Diabetes was associated with a more severe global parkinsonian signs score (beta=0.20, SE=0.10, P=0.05) and postural reflex impairment-gait disturbance (beta=0.40, SE=0.17, P=0.02), but not with bradykinesia, rigidity, or tremor. Associations were no longer significant after controlling for vascular risk factors or conditions, particularly body mass index and congestive heart failure. Overall, there was no evidence that vascular variables modified the relation of diabetes to parkinsonian signs. In summary, we found that diabetes was associated with parkinsonian signs, especially postural reflex impairment-gait disturbance, and that vascular factors may play a role in this association.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes and parkinsonian signs in older persons. 1754 40

A 78-year-old man with Parkinson's disease, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure was admitted to our hospital due to global aphasia and right-sided hemiparesis. A cardioembolic stroke from a left ventricular thrombus was diagnosed; several days later, anticoagulants were started. On the seventh day, the patient suddenly developed severe acidosis and kidney and liver dysfunction. He died the following afternoon. Autopsy revealed an isolated celiac artery embolism from the left ventricular thrombus. This is the first reported case of isolated celiac artery embolism occurring after acute ischemic stroke.
 ...
PMID:Cardioembolic stroke followed by isolated celiac artery thromboembolism. 1782 50

Reduced folates have been shown to reconstitute the proper activity of "uncoupled" endothelial nitric oxide synthase in inflamed endothlelium. There is recent evidence that this phenomenon may reflect an ability of reduced folates to scavenge peroxynitrite - or, more likely, nitrogen dioxide and carbonate radicals derived from carbonate-induced decomposition of peroxynitrite. This suggests that, at least in those tissues capable of achieving high intracellular levels of reduced folates following high-dose folate administration, high-dose folate may have important anti-inflammatory potential. It would be of interest to examine the impact of high-dose folate in rodent models of disorders in which peroxynitrite plays a key pathogenic role - including diabetes, septic or hemorrhagic shock, ischemia-reperfusion, congestive heart failure, and inflammatory mutagenesis. In particular, this strategy may be useful in many pathologies in which oxidant-mediated PARP activation leads to cell death or dysfunction. Recent evidence that high-dose folate administration preserves myocyte viability following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion likely reflects folate's impact on the cytotoxicity of peroxynitrite. For use in medical emergencies, parenteral leucovorin (racemic 5-formyltetrahydrofolate) is already clinically available. Since uric acid can also function physiologically as a scavenger of peroxynitrite-derived radicals, supplemental inosine or dietary nucleic acids - which raise tissue levels of urate more effectively than does oral uric acid - may usefully complement the protective impact of high-dose folate on nitroxidative stress. Epidemiological associations of high urate levels with low risk for Parkinson's disease may reflect urate's radical scavenging activity, and suggest the possible utility of dietary purines in prevention or treatment of CNS inflammatory disorders.
 ...
PMID:High-dose folate and dietary purines promote scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals--clinical potential in inflammatory disorders. 1940 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>