Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The neurologic states and activities of daily life of patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated using a rating scale with subitems, and subsequently the neurologic disturbance scores and the daily activity impairment scores were obtained. Subjects consisted of 19 normal controls, and 55 ambulatory patients without marked dyskinesia who were on various anti-parkinsonian drugs. Blink reflex was elicited by paired electrical stimulation over the supraorbital nerve. The interval time between the conditioning stimulation and the test stimulation was set at 200 ms, and 5 serial ipsilateral maximal R2 amplitudes on the stimulated side were measured. The mean of the paired maximal R2 amplitude ratio (test/conditioning), expressed as a percentage, was defined as the habituation index. The habituation indices in normal controls and those with Parkinson's disease were 17.1 +/- 7.6 and 51.9 +/- 29.3, respectively (P less than 0.01). The degree of akinesia, rigidity, balance/gait and dysarthria was positively correlated with the habituation index (P less than 0.01), while tremor was not. On the whole the habituation index was found to have a significant correlation not only with the neurologic disturbance score but also with the daily activity impairment score (P less than 0.01).
 ...
PMID:A correlation study between blink reflex habituation and clinical state in patients with Parkinson's disease. 156 13

Pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked cortical responses following flash and checkerboard pattern reversal stimulation were performed in 7 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease before and after implantation of human fetal ventral mesencephalon to the head of the right caudate nucleus. Six to nine months following surgery there was bilateral enhancement of flash-evoked response amplitudes. Electroretinogram measurements were unchanged. Individual increases in amplitude and decreases in latency were seen following pattern stimulation which were not statistically significant. A relationship between change in dyskinesia, and change in checkerboard pattern stimulation amplitude at 2.4 cycles per degree suggests that amplitude effects at this stimulus frequency are mediated via altered dopaminergic receptor status in the grafted hemisphere. This may be relevant to the mechanisms leading to generalised clinical improvements following this grafting technique.
 ...
PMID:Visual evoked cortical responses and electroretinograms following implantation of human fetal mesencephalon to the right caudate nucleus in Parkinson's disease. 156 16

Infusion of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) into the right common carotid artery of 5 rhesus monkeys produced hemiparkinsonian syndrome in the contralateral limbs which responded to madopa or apomorphine therapy. Moreover, these two drugs induced circling away from the MPTP-treated side, amphetamine induced rotation toward the MPTP-treated side. Long-term use of madopa developed a peak-dose dyskinesia of the face and the limbs contralateral to the MPTP-treated side. The ipsilateral toxic effects were confirmed biochemically by reduction of nigrostriatal DA and histologically by degeneration of nigral neurons of the MPTP-treated side. It is concluded that this hemiparkinsonian model of rhesus monkey will be of value in the elucidation of the neural mechanism underlying L-DOPA or DA agonist induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease and in the search for newer methods of treatment which would produce less dyskinesia and response fluctuations.
 ...
PMID:[Dopa-induced dyskinesia in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated hemiparkinsonian monkeys]. 159 61

In the past, stereotactic surgery was a regular treatment for prominent unilateral tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD), but follow-up studies were usually short-term and always unblinded. We examined 17 PD patients in long-term follow-up (mean, 10.9 years after surgery) and used videotapes and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale to blindly compare tremor ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of surgery. Since the patients were specifically selected for stereotactic surgery because of asymmetric tremor, and the surgical side chosen was contralateral to the predominant tremor, a sign of long-term efficacy would be current postoperative reversal of tremor side predominance. Upper extremity tremor was significantly better contralateral to the surgery compared with the ipsilateral side. We conclude that stereotactic surgery improved the absolute magnitude of tremor or ameliorated its rate of progression. Since asymmetric bradykinesia and dyskinesia were not a prerequisite for the choice of surgical side, we cannot make any conclusion about long-term impact of surgery on these features.
 ...
PMID:Blinded evaluation confirms long-term asymmetric effect of unilateral thalamotomy or subthalamotomy on tremor in Parkinson's disease. 162 Mar 40

A Spanish family with the DTI variant sensitive to L-Dopa is presented with three patients, 2 first cousins and an aunt being described. The dystonic beginning of the disease during infancy is of note in the former two patients as is the later initiation of parkinsonism in the third patient. Marked improvement was observed in all of the patients with L-Dopa treatment. Some peculiarities of the cases are commented upon and the discussion includes analysis of the nosological aspects, relation with juvenile parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease. Finally, reference is made to the different hypersensitivity for presenting choreic dyskinesia which the patients had.
 ...
PMID:[Dystonia sensitive to levodopa]. 162 44

The effects of the partial dopamine agonist terguride (9,10 transdihydrolisuride; THDL) on striatal dopamine receptors were studied by its i.v. administration to 13 patients with Parkinson's disease. Patients were maintained in a steadily mobile state with abnormal involuntary movements by a constant i.v. infusion of levodopa. Terguride showed dopamine antagonist properties in nine patients. In two of these nine patients, a decrease in dyskinesia score was observed without a concomitant worsening of parkinsonian symptoms, whereas in the remaining seven, full parkinsonian akinesia followed THDL administration. The subsequent i.v. injection of the dopamine agonist lisuride reversed THDL-induced akinesia in these seven patients. In the remaining four patients, no clinically significant motor effects were observed. These results show dopamine antagonist activity of terguride in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with Levodopa. Further studies using a wider dose titration are required to evaluate the possible role of dopamine partial agonists in the therapy of levodopa-induced dyskinesias.
 ...
PMID:Antagonist effect of terguride in Parkinson's disease. 168 13

We describe the clinical features of parkinsonism in 25 patients whose age of onset was under 40 years. Among them, 17 patients, whose age of onset was after their 21st birthday, were classified as young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD), and the remaining 8 whose age of onset was before their 21st birthday were classified as juvenile parkinsonism (JP). Rigidity and akinesia were revealed in all 25 patients. Resting tremor was observed in only 5 patients; 3 in the YOPD group and 2 in the JP group. There were 8 of the 25 patients (32%) who experienced an aching sensation in the leg before or at the onset of the parkinsonian features. In 6 of these 8 cases, the sensory symptoms were on the same side where the clinical manifestations of parkinsonism later developed. In the JP group, 2 patients had right foot dystonia, which improved with levodopa. Diurnal fluctuations in parkinsonian symptoms were found in 9 of the 25 cases. The familial incidence of parkinsonism was higher in the JP group. The parkinsonian disabilities in all 25 cases responded dramatically to levodopa therapy. Unfortunately, 10 cases, 5 in the YOPD group and 5 in the JP group, developed dyskinesia. The longer they took levodopa, the greater the chance of developing dyskinesia. The cumulative percentage of dyskinesia was 100% in the YOPD group and 83% in the JP group by the seventh and fourth year of treatment, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the prevalence of dyskinesia and the duration of treatment in both groups.
 ...
PMID:Early onset parkinsonism in Chinese. 168 78

A series of computational models were developed to better understand basal ganglia functions and the effects of levodopa pharmacodynamics in Parkinson's disease. The models employed a relatively new computational approach known as a neural network, which is a small number of simple processing units interconnected with designated constraints. A key difference from traditional computational modeling is that the networks are "trained" rather than programmed with experimental input and output data. After training, only a limited number of these models, could explain the pharmacodynamic data observed by Mouradian et al. in different groups of Parkinsonian patients. These successful models strongly argue for at least two pharmacologic mechanisms to explain the antiparkinsonian effect and dyskinesia tendency for the different classes of Parkinson's patients: never-treated, stable, wearing-off, and on-off. They suggest different roles for the striatal units by examining predictions of motor and dyskinesia tendency through theoretical blockade of each kind of unit. The models show that the antiparkinsonian effect in Parkinson's disease cannot be explained by the action of dopaminergic neurons on striatal neurons alone. Although the models necessarily oversimplify basal ganglia function, they provide a useful quantitative insight into how motor and dyskinesia behaviors may develop in different Parkinsonian subgroups.
 ...
PMID:A computational model of levodopa pharmacodynamics in Parkinson's disease. 177 21

Several hypotheses have explained the beneficial effect of adding bromocriptine (BR) to levodopa (LD) in Parkinson's disease (PD) by interaction at the striatal level. In the present study we show the influence of BR on plasma LD values in an acute loading experiment (125 mg LD + 12.5 mg carbidopa [DCI] given alone and together with 2.5 mg BR at 0 time; 4 h observation). On the basis of this influence we have been able to differentiate between three groups of patients: (a) in six patients (five of them with frequent off episodes) LD values were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) when both drugs were given together (area under the curve [AUC] +/- SE 2.10 +/- 0.42 micrograms/ml/h vs. 4.96 +/- 1.10 micrograms/ml/h); (b) in eight patients (one with frequent akinesia) LD levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.003) when both drugs were given together (AUC +/- SE 4.05 +/- 0.51 micrograms/ml/h vs. 1.94 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml/h); (c) in six patients (without motor fluctuations) no difference in LD levels was noted (AUC +/- SE 3.91 + 0.62 micrograms/ml/h vs. 3.81 +/- 0.70 micrograms/ml/h). The clinical evaluation (Webster scale) did not show substantial differences, except for increased dyskinesia, which correlated with higher LD levels. In summary, we suggest that the diminution of motor fluctuations and the occurrence of dyskinesias when BR is added to LD may stem from changes in LD plasma levels. These findings would be taken into consideration in the interpretation of therapeutic response fluctuations under combined treatment.
 ...
PMID:The influence of bromocriptine on the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in Parkinson's disease. 177 22

We studied 15 patients with Parkinson's disease of 40 to 70 years of age; they had more than five years of evolution and of using levodopa. They had "on-off", "wearing-off" phenomena and dyskinesia. The duration of therapy suspension was seven days: they were evaluated daily in the seven days, and every month for six months. The Webster and the Hoehn and Yahr scales were used. Only two patients did not show significant improvement. Thirteen of fifteen patients showed a significant decrease in the Webster scale of up to 8 points. A p value of 0.005 was found at three months which was maintained until the sixth month with a p value of 0.0005; a decrease in this scale was present since the first month. There were no complications following therapy withdrawal. There was a decreased related to depression in most of them and also there was a levodopa dose decrease in seven of them.
 ...
PMID:[Usefulness of drug holiday in patients with Parkinson's disease of more than 5 years of development]. 179 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>