Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of intravenous atropine (1 mg) or saline on mnemonic function was tested in patients with various forms of dementia and age-matched controls. Examinees consisted of 12 subjects having Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID), Parkinson's disease without dementia or with dementia, and normal aged controls. Wechsler's adult memory scale was used. Orientation, visual reproduction, and associative learning were not affected by this small dose of atropine in any of the subgroups. On the other hand, digit span and logical memory were selectively impaired by atropine in AD. The more sensitive parameters were the improvement on retesting (reflecting learning abilities). This study suggests that cholinergic dysfunction is responsible for abnormalities in logical memory and digit span in AD or the dementia of Parkinson's disease but not in MID.
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PMID:Effects of atropine on learning and memory functions in dementia. 235 5

The concentrations of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like (DSIP-LI) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated, Ser7) immunoreactivity (P-DSIP-LI) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type [SDAT, subdivided into early (S1), middle (S2) and late dementia (S3)], multi-infarct dementia (MD), Parkinson's disease (PD), vascular disease (VD) and communicating hydrocephalus (H), as well as in control patients (C1, C2). Mean DSIP-LI and P-DSIP-LI concentrations were found to be significantly higher in the elderly control group (C1, mean age 83 +/- 5 years) than in the middle-aged control group (C2, mean age 40 +/- 16 years). DSIP-LI and P-DSIP-LI were positively correlated with age in both control groups. Significant decreases of DSIP-LI compared with age-matched controls (C1) were observed for S2, S3, MD, PD, VD and H. In contrast, no significant differences corresponding to pathology were found for P-DSIP-LI.
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PMID:Comparison of DSIP- (delta sleep-inducing peptide) and P-DSIP-like (phosphorylated) immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type, multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and Parkinson's disease. 244 24

Based on 54 demented patients consecutively autopsied at the University of Pittsburgh, we studied the accuracy of clinicians in predicting the pathologic diagnosis. Thirty-nine patients (72.2%) had Alzheimer's disease, while 15 (27.7%) had other CNS diseases (four multi-infarct dementia; three Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease; two thalamic and subcortical gliosis; three Parkinson's disease; one progressive supranuclear palsy; one Huntington's disease; and one unclassified). Two neurologists independently reviewed the clinical records of each patient without knowledge of the patient's identity or clinical or pathologic diagnoses; each clinician reached a clinical diagnosis based on criteria derived from those of the NINCDS/ADRDA. In 34 (63%) cases both clinicians were correct, in nine (17%) one was correct, and in 11 (20%) neither was correct. These results show that in patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia, the etiology cannot be accurately predicted during life.
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PMID:Diagnosis of dementia: clinicopathologic correlations. 262 47

The pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei comprising the pontomesencephalotegmental (PMT) cholinergic system were examined for the presence of neuropathology and loss of presumed cholinergic cells in patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD-SDAT), Parkinsonian dementia, and multi-infarct dementia. Although neurofibrillary changes and plaque-like entities were observed in both nuclei in AD-SDAT and Parkinson's disease dementia, these pathologic indices were not seen consistently in control individuals or in those with multi-infarct dementia, and in none of the diagnostic categories was loss of neuronal somata found in the PMT cholinergic complex. Because appreciable degeneration of cholinergic neurons does occur in the basal forebrain in AD-SDAT, it is concluded that cholinergic phenotype alone is not a sufficient condition indicating predilection for neuronal loss in that dementing illness.
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PMID:The pontomesencephalotegmental cholinergic system does not degenerate in Alzheimer's disease. 271 53

Empirical observations suggest a preponderance of cases of sporadic Alzheimer's disease among whites relative to blacks. If true, this might indicate a genetic basis for non-familial Alzheimer's disease. Among 6,000 consecutive autopsies performed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 242 adults with dementia were identified. The 98 consultation cases were excluded from the data analysis because of potential selection bias. Among the remaining 144 cases, the proportions of whites and blacks were similar, yet the frequency of Alzheimer's disease was 2.6 times higher among whites (P = 0.001), dementia due to Parkinson's disease was more frequent among whites (P = 0.05), and the frequencies of multi-infarct dementia and dementia due to chronic ethanol abuse were higher among blacks (P = 0.004 and P = 0.007, respectively). Moreover, in brains from neurologically intact controls, incidental histologic lesions of Alzheimer's disease were observed more frequently in whites than blacks (P = 0.01). These findings provide a strong argument in favor of genetic transmission of sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
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PMID:Racial differences in the etiology of dementia and frequency of Alzheimer lesions in the brain. 274 86

The Fuld Object Memory Evaluation (Fuld, 1981) was administered to 80 elderly adults (aged 60 to 90 years) who were hospitalized for evaluation and treatment of primary degenerative dementia (PDD), other organic disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease or multi-infarct dementia), or major depression. Although mean performance in each of the diagnostic groups was below normative levels reported by Fuld (1981), PDD patients performed significantly more poorly than those with depression or other organic disorders. Analysis of subscore patterns failed to support the hypothesis of a selective memory deficit in depression, and substantial overlap in scores was observed between the depressed group and patients with organic disorders other than PDD. Object Memory Evaluation performance was influenced by global mental status and secondary psychiatric diagnoses, but not by education, age, or physical health.
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PMID:Patterns of performance on the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation in elderly inpatients with depression or dementia. 276 Jan 77

The A-K-T is a newly developed concentration test for geriatric patients. First results in demented patients show the test to be a good indicator of severity of dementia. Since the method is non-verbal, it can be applied to aphatic patients too. But, comparing results of patients suffering either from dementia of Alzheimer's type, multi-infarct dementia or Parkinson's disease with dementia, we are not able to objectify specific deficits of a certain dementing disease.
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PMID:The A-K-T ("Alters-Konzentrations-Test") a new psychometric test for geriatric patients. 279 62

Concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in CSF were reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multi-infarct dementia (p less than 0.01), but not in normal-pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. This suggests that reduced SLI content in AD cerebral cortex is reflected in CSF. Chromatographic characterization of CSF SLI showed no differences between AD and controls. Concentrations of SLI in AD patients overlapped those in both normal subjects and patients with multi-infarct dementia, so that changes in CSF SLI have no diagnostic specificity.
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PMID:CSF somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in dementia. 286 29

Ultrastructural study of the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and frontal cortex of patients with Huntington's disease showed that neuronal nuclear membrane indentations were significantly more frequently present in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, than in a control group. The astrocyte/neuron ratios in the same areas were also found to be higher in the Huntington patients. In a search to find out whether this finding is unique in Huntington's disease the brains of patients with several other diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by involuntary movements and/or dementia (Pick's disease, Down's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, tardive dyskinesia and multi-infarct dementia) were investigated in the same way. Although some findings were similar in this group, the Huntingtonian brains could be almost completely separated, with the exception of one patient with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, by the use of a discriminant analysis, taking into account the percentage of neurons with nuclear membrane indentation and astrocyte/neuron ratio of three areas of grey matter.
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PMID:Neuronal nuclear membrane indentation and astrocyte/neuron ratio in Huntington's disease. A quantitative electron microscopic study. 293 99

In order to standardize and quantify diagnostic information derived from medical histories and case reports given by demented patients, their families or care-providers, a questionnaire has been developed containing 94 questions. The output is categorized by computer into graphic clinical scales which correlate and weigh information relating to seven of the most common causes of dementia. The present investigation assesses the validity of predictive diagnostic classifications derived from the clinical scales tested on admission by correlating them later with final diagnoses determined independently by thorough clinical evaluation including standard diagnostic tests, computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance scans. Results of 101 healthy, neurologically normal, age-matched volunteers and 140 patients representative of the more common forms of dementia indicate that correct diagnostic identification was: 75% for dementia secondary to Parkinson's disease, 100% for Huntington's disease, 90.2% for Alzheimer's disease, 82.4% for multi-infarct dementia, 90.0% for posttraumatic dementia, 77.8% for normal-pressure hydrocephalus and 85.7% for Wernicke-Korsakoff dementia. Correct diagnostic assignment was highly significant (P less than .0005). The screening questionnaire may prove to be a useful and standard diagnostic tool for clinicians and investigators concerned with epidemiology, prevention and treatment of dementia.
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PMID:Computerized history and self-assessment questionnaire for diagnostic screening among patients with dementia. 296 95


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