Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary excretion of catecholamines under insulin hypoglycemia was studied in cerebral infarct patients as well as in patients with Parkinson's disease and subjects with lumbar discopathy (control group). While in the last two categories of subjects a normal response to hypoglycemia, i.e., an increase in urinary excretion of epinephrine was noticed, no such increase was found in patients with cerebral infarction. The disorder is attributed to the unresponsiveness to hypoglycemia of the brain stem centers controlling epinephrine secretion.
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PMID:Unresponsiveness to hypoglycemia of centers controlling epinephrine release in cerebral infarct patients. 39 98

Vimentin immunoreactivity was examined in brain tissues from non-neurological and various human central nervous system disease cases. In all brain tissues examined, vimentin immunoreactivity was intensely positive in ependymal cells and subpial tissues, and weakly positive in some capillaries and some white matter astrocytes. In affected areas of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral infarction cases, numerous intensely vimentin-immunopositive astrocytes of both protoplasmic and fibrous morphology were demonstrated. A few such astrocytes were also observed in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. ALS, MS and infarction brains also had numerous, strongly vimentin-positive, round and fat-laden microglia/macrophages. In AD and ALS, a few reactive microglia with irregularly enlarged shapes were vimentin positive. In AD, they were almost exclusively related to senile plaques.
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PMID:Vimentin immunoreactivity in normal and pathological human brain tissue. 152 71

This report discusses the clinical significance of bilateral parietal abnormalities on I-123 IMP SPECT imaging in 158 patients with cerebral disorders. This pattern was seen in 15 out of 21 patients with Alzheimer's disease; it was also seen in 4 out of 5 patients with Parkinson's disease with dementia, in 3 out of 17 patients with vascular dementia, in 1 out of 36 patients with cerebral infarction without dementia, in 1 out of 2 patients with hypoglycemia, and in 1 out of 2 patients with CO intoxication. Detection of bilateral parietal abnormalities is a useful finding in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, but one should keep in mind that other cerebral disorders may also show a similar pattern with I-123 IMP SPECT imaging.
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PMID:Differential diagnosis of bilateral parietal abnormalities in I-123 IMP SPECT imaging. 227 32

Causes of death, with special reference to cerebral haemorrhage, among 240 patients with pathologically verified Parkinson's disease were investigated using the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan from 1981 to 1985. The leading causes of death were pneumonia and bronchitis (44.1%), malignant neoplasms (11.6%), heart diseases (4.1%), cerebral infarction (3.7%) and septicaemia (3.3%). Cerebral haemorrhage was the 11th most frequent cause of death, accounting for only 0.8% of deaths among the patients, whereas it was the 5th most common cause of death among the Japanese general population in 1985. The low incidence of cerebral haemorrhage as a cause of death in patients with Parkinson's disease may reflect the hypotensive effect of levodopa and a hypotensive mechanism due to reduced noradrenaline levels in the parkinsonian brain.
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PMID:Cause of death among patients with Parkinson's disease: a rare mortality due to cerebral haemorrhage. 235 41

Experimental evidence has shown that the amount of 5-HIAA in the CSF reflects the metabolism of serotonin in the brain if this metabolite is eliminated from the brain and flows into the CSF at a constant rate. We studied the concentration of 5-HIAA in the lumbar CSF in several neurological diseases to elucidate the alteration in abnormalities of serotonin metabolism. The concentration of 5-HIAA in the CSF was measured in 94 patients with cerebral infarction, 30 with vascular dementia, 25 with dementia of the Alzheimer type, 28 with Parkinson's disease and 6 with hypoxic encephalopathy. Patients with cerebral infarction were classified into 24 with a solitary cerebral infarct and 70 with multiple cerebral infarcts. Patients with Parkinson's disease were subdivided into 12 with various psychiatric symptoms including depressive state, hallucination and/or intellectual impairment and 16 without psychiatric symptoms. Patients with hypoxic encephalopathy consisted of 5 with apallic syndrome and one patient with Lance-Adams syndrome. The concentration of 5-HIAA in solitary cerebral infarct, multiple cerebral infarcts and vascular dementia did not exhibit a significant difference from that in control cases (54.6 +/- 23.1 ng/ml). But patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (34.5 +/- 10.9, p less than 0.001) showed a significantly lower concentration. This fact seems to reflect the pathological finding that the number of large neurons is decreased and neurofibrillary tangles are increased in the nucleus raphe dorsalis of patients with Alzheimer type dementia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Study on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases]. 248 Aug 63

Open autologous adrenal medullary to caudate nucleus transplantation was performed in 12 patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten of these patients had diurnal response fluctuations including "wearing off" and "on/off" phenomena. All of the patients were no longer satisfactorily responding to levodopa/carbidopa and dopamine agonists. The mean age of the patients was 55.1 years (range 37-65 yrs); mean duration of PD was 11.7 years (range 4-40 yrs); mean stage "on" was 3.3 (range 2-4); mean stage "off" was 4.8 (range 4-5). Mean duration of follow up from surgery was 10.4 months (range 2-17 months). Three patients improved dramatically with major changes in their lifestyle. The course of improvement in these 3 patients was different in each, implying that different mechanisms were responsible for the improvement. One of the patients died unexpectedly. In this patient, there were no surviving adrenal cells. Three patients improved moderately. Patients reported that they were "on" longer and had to take medication less often and were less dependent on individual doses of levodopa/carbidopa. The improvement has been sustained in two patients. However, in one of these patients there had to be frequent changes in scheduling to maintain the improvement. Two patients after technically successful implants did not improve. One of these patients subsequently died. In this patient there were a few surviving adrenal medullary cells. Four patients suffered major complications. One patient had a cerebral infarction and two had cerebral hemorrhages. One of these patients has shown a good recovery. One patient with autonomic insufficiency had a cardiac arrest with cerebral anoxia one week after surgery. This patient has shown a partial recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Adrenal medullary transplants as a treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease. 261 91

A study of clinical features and an analysis of gait with floor reaction forces and EMG of leg flexors and extensors were made in patients with multiple cerebral infarction or patients with Parkinson's disease having frozen gait. A case with occlusion of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries resulting in massive infarction of the infero-medial part of the frontal lobes was also studied as he showed a unique disorder characterized by apraxia of gait. Frozen gait is characterized by shuffling steps, broad-based stance, positive foot grasp, kinesia paradoxa and disturbance of postural reflexes. The vector angle which shows foot pressure in forward locomotion was decreased in patients with frozen gait. EMGs of lower leg muscles in frozen gait were grouping of potentials corresponding to the shuffle and reciprocity between flexors and extensors was preserved. The patient with infarction of the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries showed a peculiar disorder of gait which was characterized by an inability to initiate stepping. It is considered as "apraxia of gait" in a classical sense, which differs from frozen gait. Observation of this patient suggests that the infero-medical part of the frontal lobe plays an important role in the initiation of gait. Furthermore, common features of frozen gait in patients with Parkinson's disease and in patients with multiple cerebral infarction involving the frontal lobe suggest that the nigrostriatal structures and the frontal lobe are important in CNS mechanisms subserving smooth locomotion.
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PMID:[Clinical and physiological study of apraxia of gait and frozen gait]. 275 55

Potential risk factors for various types of stroke were studied using a case-control study design. All 1978 US death certificates for which the registered underlying cause of death was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral hemorrhage (CH), or cerebral infarction (CI) were identified. The frequency with which other conditions appeared on the death certificates of cases with and without hypertension was compared with controls. These data provide new information, such as the occurrence of peripheral vascular disease in association with SAH, the risk of CH in epileptic and cirrhotic patients, and the association of benign neoplasms of the nervous system, motor neuron disease, and 'paralysis agitans' with CI.
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PMID:Conditions associated at death with specific types of completed stroke in patients with and without hypertension: a case-control study. 291 91

Amine accumulation in the axons of degenerating, amine-containing neurones is a natural component of neurone death in many species, including man. While it is becoming increasingly clear that this phenomenon may have functional significance in animal models of Parkinson's Disease, its potential importance in the clinical syndrome has been pretermitted. There are several reasons for this. Failure to sample tissue which contains accumulated amines, the masking of accumulation by adjacent depleted tissues and the degradation of accumulated amines in post-mortem tissues from Parkinsonian brains could account for the low incidence of detection of accumulation in this disorder. Increased levels of amines have been detected in the brains of patients with other conditions including cerebral infarction, Alzheimer's Disease and Huntington's Chorea. These increases have been attributed previously to enhanced aminergic activity, rather than a stage in the degenerative process, as our hypothesis suggests. In addition to the potential importance of amine accumulation in the pathophysiology of various clinical syndromes, a more thorough investigation of this phenomenon in animal models would seem essential since they are used routinely to both describe the basic principles of dopamine function and to evaluate therapeutic possibilities in Parkinson's Disease.
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PMID:Amine accumulation in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. 295 7

A wide range of structural and functional techniques now exists to map the human brain in health and disease. These approaches span the gamut from external tomographic imaging devices (positron-emission tomography, single photon-emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography), to surface detectors (electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, transcranial magnetic stimulation), to measurements made directly on the brain's surface or beneath it (intrinsic signal imaging, electrocorticography). The noninvasive methods have been combined to provide unique and previously unavailable insights into the macroscopic organization of the functional neuroanatomy of human vision, sensation, hearing, movement, language, learning, and memory. All methods have been applied to patients with neurologic, neurosurgical, and psychiatric disease and have provided a rapidly expanding knowledge of the pathophysiology of diseases such as epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease, neoplasms, neurodegenerative diseases, mental illness, and addiction states. In addition, these new methods have become a mainstay of preoperative surgical planning and the monitoring of pharmacologic or surgical (transplantation) interventions. Most recently, the ability to observe the reorganization of the human nervous system after acute injury, such as occurs with cerebral infarction or head trauma, or in the course of a progressive degenerative process such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease, may provide new insights and methods in the rapidly expanding field of neurorehabilitation. Our newfound ability to generate maps and databases of human brain development, maturation, skill acquisition, aging, and disease states is both an exciting and formidable task.
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PMID:Mapping human brain activity in vivo. 797 66


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