Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The molecular size distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in the cerebroventricular fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease, dystonic syndromes, multiple sclerosis, basal and midline tumors, epilepsy and pain syndromes was investigated by separation with a Sephadex G-50f column and subsequent radioimmunoassay of the eluate. Marked heterogeneity of SLI was observed in most of the pools investigated. The most conspicuous feature of the elution profiles was the preponderance of the peak coeluting with synthetic somatostatin-14, whereas the peaks comigrating with synthetic somatostatin-28 and attributable to precursor-like SLI represented only minor or trace amounts of total immunoreactivity. These findings are consistent with the greater biological activity of somatostatin-14 in the human central nervous system, whereas somatostatin-28 appears to represent the more active form in the pituitary and in the intestinal mucosa. Solely in the case of brain tumor patients, some differences could be seen, resulting in an approximately equal distribution of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 in two pools of ventricular fluid and by the detection of a degradation product of somatostatin-14 in another one. These observations could be explained by a lowered barrier function as a consequence of increased intracranial pressure in case of brain tumors, which is well in accordance with a markedly elevated total protein content being a sign of a lowered barrier function.
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PMID:Molecular size distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebroventricular fluid of neurosurgical patients. 367 Jul 43

Reports on cases of parkinsonism associated with brain tumor were reviewed. Although parkinsonism can develop in association with any type of brain tumor, it develops most frequently in association with meningiomas located at the sphenoid ridge or frontal convexity. Although parkinsonian symptoms in the parkinsonism associated with brain tumors are similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease in the early stages, atypical symptoms, such as visual field defects, motor weakness or pyramidal signs are visible signs of the parkinsonism. Functional abnormality in the nigrostrial system due to chronic mechanical compression of the system by a sizeable brain tumor seems to contribute to the pathogenesis of the parkinsonism.
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PMID:[Brain tumor and parkinsonism]. 901 33

The aging population has had a significant impact upon the societal burden of several neurologic disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, primary malignant brain tumor, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The increased burden is the result of more than just the dramatically increasing number of elderly individuals. This profound demographic change in the age structure of populations in developed nations is primarily the result of increasing survival. This differential survival over time, and its corresponding less selective culling effect on the surviving population gene pool, is an additional explanation for the observed increasing frequency of several neurologic diseases associated with senescence.
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PMID:The aging population: implications for the burden of neurologic disease. 966 35

This paper presents a robotic navigation system for image-guided neurosurgery, which can be applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease and biopsy of brain tumor. The system integrates a computer for real-time display of brain anatomy, a magnetic tracking device for measuring the positions and orientations of surgical instruments, and a robot manipulator for guiding surgical instruments to the preplanned positions and orientations. The computer display of brain anatomy offers a convenient tool for surgeons to diagnose brain disease and to plan safe surgical paths; while the tracking device assists the robot manipulator to automatically guide surgical instruments to the preplanned direction. The registrations among the tracking device, the image system, and the robot are completed on the base of coordination mappings of external markers. An experiment of using a skull model for simulating a robotic biopsy of brain tumor has been done to verify the performance of the navigation system. The result shows that the system can accomplish a positioning accuracy around 2 mm.
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PMID:Development of a robotic navigation system for neurosurgery. 1053 86

We studied the neurological comorbidity of parkinsonism in 368 consecutive patients from the Lausanne Movement Disorders Registry. Only 6 patients had no neurological comorbidity. We found that 23p.100 of our patients had ischemic strokes, especially large vessel strokes, i.e three times more than in an age-matched control study performed in a recent survey in our country, which is a new finding in contradiction with previous reports mentioning that Parkinson's disease may be a protective factor against stroke. This finding opens new directions for further studies concerning some shared mechanisms in both diseases associated with age. Predominantly tremulous parkinsonism (46p.100) and progressive supranuclear palsy patients (PSP) (40p.100) had the highest prevalence of cerebrovascular disease of all subgroups of parkinsonism, especially lacunar infarcts, which is in accord with a higher frequency of hypertension in these subgroups according to a recent study of ours. Transient ischemic attacks or hemorrhages were not more frequent than in the general population. We did not find a higher frequency of head trauma except for Parkinson's disease, but a trend for a higher frequency of headache and migraine. Brain tumors were more frequent in Parkinson's disease and hydrocephalus and radiculopathies in parkinsonism in general when compared to age-matched populations from the literature. Polyneuropathies were more frequently observed in familial parkinsonism only, but myopathies and cranial neuropathies were not more frequent in our patients. Epilepsy was significantly less frequent in parkinsonism, especially in Parkinson's disease, infectious diseases of the nervous system were rarely encountered, and restless legs syndrome was surprisingly not more frequent than in a normal population. Dementia was associated in 20p.100, but multiple sclerosis is noticeably absent.
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PMID:[Neurological comorbidity in parkinsonism]. 1124 May 47

Vectors constructed from recombinant herpes simplex virus (HSV) have special utility for gene transfer to the nervous system. Nonreplicating vectors created by deletion of essential immediate early genes can be propagated to high titers on complementing cell lines that provide the missing gene product(s) in trans. Direct inoculation of these vectors into neural parenchyma is effective in rodent models of brain tumor, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury, and spinal root trauma. Subcutaneous inoculation of the HSV vectors can be used to transduce neurons of the dorsal root ganglion to provide a therapeutic effect in models of polyneuropathy and chronic regional pain. In human trials, direct injection of replication-competent HSV into brain tumors has proven safe. Human trials of nonreplicating HSV gene transfer by direct inoculation for treatment of glioblastoma and HSV gene transfer by subcutaneous inoculation for the treatment of chronic intractable pain should commence soon.
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PMID:Herpes vector-mediated gene transfer in treatment of diseases of the nervous system. 1548 38

Recently, the introduction of 3 tesla (3T) magnetic resonance (MR) system for more sophisticated clinical applications has yielded in important benefits, especially in neuroradiology. The aim of this article is to illustrate the practical scientific applications of the 3T system in the neuroradiological filed. From the clinical point of view, we focused on the usefulness of 3T system for the diagnosis of several neurological disorders, such as brain tumors, vascular lesions, hemorrhagic lesions, acute cerebral infarcts and degenerative diseases. The greatest advantage of high-field MR system is a higher signal to noise ratio. This higher spatial resolution can provide precise anatomical information for brain tumor itself and its surrounding structures. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) also benefits from the higher signal to noise ratio and offers useful information for tumor characteristics. Navigation system with diffusion tensor tractgraphy is also available for surgical operation of brain tumors. Parallel imaging enables to improve the quality of tractgraphy by reducing susceptibility artifacts. 3T TOF (time-of-flight) MR angiography (MRA) demonstrates superior depiction of intracranial aneurysms compared with that of 1.5T TOF MRA. 3T TOF MRA is also useful for the evaluation and follow-up of stenoocclusive diseases including moyamoya disease. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a BOLD (blood oxygenation level dependent)-sensitive method for visualizing anatomical features such as small cerebral veins in high detail. Therefore, 3T system has advantages for obtaining detailed, high spatial resolution images of the venous network. SWI is useful for detection of hemorrhagic lesions and early diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic infarcts. SWI also can detect embolus and evaluate functional changes showing dilatation of medullary veins in the area of acute cerebral infarcts. Neuromelanin imaging using 3T system can directly demonstrate the locus ceruleus and substantia nigra by the neuromelanin content and have the potential to become a powerful tool in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders with Parkinsonism. Hyperintense putaminal rim can be often observed in clinically normal subjects on fast spin echo T2-weighted images at 3T system. This finding should not be mistaken for multiple system atrophy. 3T MR system indeed offers new potential because of a substantial increase in signal intensity provided by the higher magnetic field. Routine neuroradiologic imaging would benefit from higher magnetic field. However, It is required that extended knowledge of clinical data in comparison with 1.5T system to elucidate the efficacy of 3T system in the neuroradiology.
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PMID:[Clinical applications of 3.0 T magnetic resonance system in the neuroradiological field]. 1753 73

Stem cells of different origin are under careful scrutiny as potential new tools for the treatment of several neurological diseases. The major focus of these reaserches have been neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington Chorea or Parkinson Disease (Shihabuddin et al., 1999). More recently attention has been devoted to their use for brain repair after stroke (Savitz et al., 2002). In this review we will focus on the potential of stem cell treatments for glioblastoma multiforme (Holland, 2000), the most aggressive primary brain tumor, and globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease), a metabolic disorder of the white matter (Berger et al., 2001). These two diseases may offer a paradigm of what the stem cell approach may offer in term of treatment, alone or in combination with other therapeutic approaches. Two kinds of stem cells will be consideredhere: neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, both obtained after birth. The review will focus on experimental models, with an eye on clinical perspectives.
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PMID:The potential of stem cells for the treatment of brain tumors and globoid cell leukodystrophy. 1900 46

We report a patient with Parkinson's disease undergoing craniotomy for a brain tumor, who had clinically adequate hypnosis at a very low concentration of isoflurane. While the raw EEG showed low-voltage slow electrical activity, the EEG analyzer of the monitor displayed high burst suppression ratios. The role of intracranial pathology and drug therapy as possible causes of the low anesthetic requirement for adequate hypnosis are discussed. This report also draws attention to the possibility of erroneous analysis of burst suppression by EEG modules.
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PMID:Adequate hypnosis at very low isoflurane concentration during craniotomy monitored by electroencephalography. 1901 83

Human neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, and spinal cord injury are caused by a loss of neurons and glial cells in the brain or spinal cord. Cell replacement therapy and gene transfer to the diseased or injured brain have provided the basis for the development of potentially powerful new therapeutic strategies for a broad spectrum of human neurological diseases. However, the paucity of suitable cell types for cell replacement therapy in patients suffering from neurological disorders has hampered the development of this promising therapeutic approach. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells such as embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and neural stem cells, and extensive efforts by investigators to develop stem cell-based brain transplantation therapies have been carried out. We review here notable experimental and preclinical studies previously published involving stem cell-based cell and gene therapies for Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS, Alzheimer's disease, MS, stroke, spinal cord injury, brain tumor, and lysosomal storage diseases and discuss the future prospects for stem cell therapy of neurological disorders in the clinical setting. There are still many obstacles to be overcome before clinical application of cell therapy in neurological disease patients is adopted: 1) it is still uncertain what kind of stem cells would be an ideal source for cellular grafts, and 2) the mechanism by which transplantation of stem cells leads to an enhanced functional recovery and structural reorganization must to be better understood. Steady and solid progress in stem cell research in both basic and preclinical settings should support the hope for development of stem cell-based cell therapies for neurological diseases.
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PMID:Stem cell-based cell therapy in neurological diseases: a review. 1930 31


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