Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030567 (Parkinson's disease)
 63,064 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Levels of biopterin derivatives in urine, serum, milk, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, and liver have been measured with the Crithidia fasciculata assay. Normal levels in serum and urine have been given and compared with those in a number of benign and malignant proliferative disorders, phenylketonuria, kidney disease, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, controlled epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, and pernicious anaemia. The active component of Crithidia factor in serum was 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Tissue, urine, and some serum samples contained two active materials, the principal one being 7,8-dihydrobiopterin; a minor constituent was probably tetrahydrobiopterin. Serum biopterin levels following methotrexate administration were raised and subsequent administration of folic acid and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid further increased serum levels of biopterin derivatives; this was in contrast to the total absence of response to oral folates without prior methotrexate and to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid either with or without methotrexate being given.
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PMID:Biopterin derivatives in human body fluids and tissues. 93 31

We describe a personal series of 60 cases of parkinsonism with onset under the age of 40 years. Known causes for early onset of secondary parkinsonism, such as Wilson's disease or encephalitis, were excluded in every case. Two groups were identified: those with onset after the age of 21 in whom no hereditary factors could be ascertained (56 cases), and those with onset before 21 years all of whom had familial parkinsonism. In neither group have we found any association with prematurely grey hair, hypertension, diabetes, pernicious anaemia, or thyroid disorder. Among their families, we have not found any association with diabetes, pernicious anaemia, or thyroid disorder. We propose that cases of apparent idiopathic Parkinson's disease beginning between age 21-40 years should be called "young onset Parkinson's disease." Twenty percent of such patients in our series had at least one first- or second-degree relative in the same or antecedent generations with parkinsonism, but only 1.5% of their relatives at risk had parkinsonism, which is similar to the prevalence in the general population. Ten percent of these patients had at least one relative with essential tremor, but only 1.6% of their relatives at risk had tremor, which again was similar to the prevalence in the population in general. These patients with young onset Parkinson's disease responded well to levodopa therapy. However, dyskinesias and response fluctuations occurred early and frequently. The prevalence of dyskinesias and response fluctuations was strongly correlated with the duration of levodopa treatment, but not with the duration (or probably the severity) of the disease before levodopa therapy was commenced. The involuntary movements often were severe and frequently were diphasic. Despite long disease duration, the incidence of dementia in young onset patients aged less than 65 years was negligible. We believe that most, if not all, patients in this group have degenerative Lewy body idiopathic Parkinson's disease, representing the lower end of a skewed deviation for age of onset of this disease. We have so far failed to identify any additional environmental factor which may have accelerated disease onset in these patients. In contrast, cases of parkinsonism beginning before age 21 years were invariably familial. We proposed that they should be called "juvenile parkinsonism." All affected relatives with parkinsonism also had young disease onset, and all but one were siblings. None of four such patients seen by us has demented, and computed tomography (CT) scan has been normal in all four. We believe that most such patients have some form of genetically determined secondary parkinsonism.
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PMID:Young onset Parkinson's disease. 350 66

Many animal models in different species have been developed for mental and behavioral disorders. This review presents large animals (dog, ovine, swine, horse) as potential models of this disorders. The article was based on the researches that were published in the peer-reviewed journals. Aliterature research was carried out using the PubMed database. The above issues were discussed in the several problem groups in accordance with the WHO International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10thRevision (ICD-10), in particular regarding: organic, including symptomatic, disorders; mental disorders (Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease, pernicious anemia and hepatic encephalopathy, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease); behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (alcoholic intoxication, abuse of morphine); schizophrenia and other schizotypal disorders (puerperal psychosis); mood (affective) disorders (depressive episode); neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (posttraumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder); behavioral syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (anxiety disorders, anorexia nervosa, narcolepsy); mental retardation (Cohen syndrome, Down syndrome, Hunter syndrome); behavioral and emotional disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). This data indicates many large animal disorders which can be models to examine the above human mental and behavioral disorders.
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PMID:Large animals as potential models of human mental and behavioral disorders. 2943