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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The degree of hypocalcaemia was determined from serum total, and serum ionized calcium concentrations in 27 cows with parturient paresis. Electrocardiographic recordings were made just before the start of the intravenous calcium treatment. The T-oTc interval was determined, but could only be adequately measured in 16 cases because of inherent difficulties in recording from paretic animals. No significant correlation was found between the degree of hypocalcaemia and Q-oTc interval, whether the hypocalcemia was determined from serum total or serum ionized calcium concentrations. This study indicated that measurement of the Q-oTc interval was of very little value as a clinical test for detection of hypocalcaemia and indication of the degree of hypocalcaemia in parturient paresis.
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PMID:Hypocalcaemia and Q-oTc interval in cows with parturient paresis. 717 7

The following parameters were tested in clinically intact dairy cows and those afflicted with parturitional paresis, over a period from four weeks before to 16 weeks after parturition: calcium, inorganic phosphate (PA), magnesium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), glucose, total protein, mineral mass/fat-free dry matter (A/FFT), mineral mass/volume of fresh skeletal bioptate (A/V). Literature data regarding the behaviour patterns of Ca, PA, Mg, AP, and glucose were confirmed. The dynamics of physiological mineral catabolism and mineral anabolism were expressed by the A/V changes more clearly than they had been reflected in A/FFT. The criterion A/V should be included as a function of age in the spectrum of parameters of metabolic monitoring.
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PMID:[Follow-up studies on the behavior of mineral metabolic parameters with particular reference to the degree of skeletal minearlization in the milch cow in the period 4 weeks ante- to 16 weeks postpartum]. 719 72

Nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism in a litter of German shepherd dogs is reported. The bitch lost interest in the litter 2 weeks post partum, the owner proceeded to feed the pups on a mainly meat diet (low in calcium) together with whole wheat bread (high in phosphate) until they were presented at Onderstepoort at the age of 6 weeks. Clinically the pups showed poor growth, posterior paresis and pain on palpation of the long bones. Radiological examination revealed decreased bone density and thickness of bone cortices. A diagnosis of nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism was made. The diet was corrected and in addition the pups were treated with a balanced supplement of calcium and phosphate with very good clinical response. The pathophysiology of nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism as well as ricketts and hypertrophic osteodystrophy as differential diagnoses are discussed.
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PMID:[Nutritional or secondary hyperparathyroidism in a German shepherd litter]. 725 68

Varying doses of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-HCC) (50, 150, 250 and 350 micrograms) in propylene glycol were injected intramuscularly into 30 dry adult Israeli Friesian cows. Fourteen of these animals received a second dose; four were given 250 or 350 micrograms 48 hours after the first dose and 10 were given 350 micrograms 72 hours after the first dose. Plasma calcium rose after 24 hours at all dose levels except 50 micrograms. A dose-dependent peak in plasma calcium was reached after three to four days, followed by a return to baseline five days (150 micrograms) and eight days (250 and 350 micrograms) post injection respectively. Repeating the injection 48 or 72 hours later increased the time span by three and four days respectively. The effect of plasma inorganic phosphate was double that on plasma calcium. Plasma magnesium declined slightly three days post injection. High calcium feeding in conjunction with one or two injections of 350 micrograms 1 alpha-HCC did not modify the response of plasma calcium. An injection of 350 micrograms of 1 alpha-HCC was given once to 40 parturient paresis-prone cows of the same breed and twice at 72-hour intervals to 37 such cows. Six of the animals received 5 mg of flumethasone together with the second injection and 13 received it 48 hours later. This was to induce parturition, which occurred within 24 to 48 hours. None of the cows injected earlier than 24 hours prepartum developed parturient paresis in comparison with 22 out of 60 control animals which did. The results suggest that 1 alpha-HCC is useful in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis.
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PMID:Observations of the use of 1 alpha hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of bovine parturient paresis. 743 21

Twelve of fifteen 6-9-mo-old clinically healthy Desert sheep were given single or repeated daily doses of 25 to 4000 mg cotoran/kg by drench. Cotoran poisoning was characterized by grinding of the teeth, ruminal tympany, mydriasis, dyspnea, staggering, paresis of the hind and forelimbs, and recumbency. Lesions were widespread congestion and hemorrhage, hepatic fatty change, catarrhal enteritis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the renal proximal convoluted tubules. These were accompanied by significant increases in the activities of GOT, LDH and GGT and decreases in serum total protein and calcium.
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PMID:Toxicity of cotoran (fluometuron) in Desert sheep. 757 46

Recently, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was identified as one of the major causes of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in several species. The hormone probably has an important role in the physiology and pathophysiology of mammals and birds. Many endocrine, paracrine and autocrine functions are attributed to PTHrP. Parathormone shares the same receptor with PTHrP. This receptor was isolated in many tissues. PTHrP could be an important fetal growth factor. The influence of PTHrP on calcium homeostasis is presently the object of active research. PTHrP stimulates calcium transfer through the placenta and maintains a concentration gradient between the dam's blood and the fetus. The hormone is produced in large quantities in milk. However, its exact and principal function in lactation has not yet been determined. Among other effects, PTHrP might stimulate the secretion of calcium, phosphate and magnesium in milk and might foster the development of the mammary gland. A role of PTHrP in the pathogenesis of postparturient paresis in dairy cows has been hypothesized. Results of recent trials demonstrate that despite an important role in calcium homeostasis, PTHrP is not pivotal in the development of milk fever.
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PMID:[Parathyroid hormone related-protein and calcium homeostasis]. 766 95

This study reports the effects of Ca2+ channel blockers (Ca antagonists) on intraneuronal Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) movements and on the disturbance of rotarod performance produced in rats by intracerebroventricular administration of paraquat. Paraquat (50 nmol) produced a decrement in rotarod performance which was present at 30 min. and maximal at 60 min. and was not associated with overt behavioural changes; larger doses of paraquat (100-400 nmol intracerebroventricularly) produced paresis and convulsions which severely disrupted rotarod behaviour. The disruption of rotarod performance after paraquat (50 nmol intracerebroventricularly) was significantly reduced by giving Ca antagonists (flunarizine, verapamil and nicardipine) not only intraperitoneally 15 min. after paraquat but also intracerebroventricularly immediately before paraquat. The order of pharmacological potency was flunarizine > or = verapamil > nicardipine. In contrast, intracerebroventricular administration of Bay K 8644, a Ca agonist, enhanced the disruption of rotarod performance caused by paraquat (50 nmol). In in vitro studies, paraquat markedly potentiated the rapid increase in [Ca2+]i levels evoked by 50 mM KCl in rat brain synaptosomal fraction, although paraquat alone produced a small prolonged rise in [Ca2+]i levels which had a slow onset. The above results suggest that paraquat induced neurotoxicity is associated with increased [Ca2+]i levels in brain neuronal cells, and that paraquat might effect on membrane activity instability.
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PMID:Inhibitory effects of calcium channel antagonists on motor dysfunction induced by intracerebroventricular administration of paraquat. 769 Apr 78

The concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine, in the skeletal muscle fibres of cows with parturient paresis, downer cows, normally calving cows and unmated heifers were determined by means of an X-ray microanalysis technique. The most consistent finding was an increase in the concentration of chlorine in the muscle samples from the downer cows. There were no other significant differences between the concentrations of these elements in samples from the different groups of cows, but the calcium concentration was higher in the muscle samples collected one month after parturition than in the samples collected close to parturition.
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PMID:Concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine in the muscle cells of downer cows and cows with parturient paresis. 797 93

Total and ionized serum calcium concentrations were measured in 510 Holstein cows at the time of parturition. Cows that subsequently developed left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) were compared with those that did not. Cows that were hypocalcemic at parturition had a 4.8 times greater risk of developing LDA than did normocalcemic cows. Hypocalcemia was associated with the development of LDA whether ionized serum calcium concentration or total serum calcium concentration was used to determine whether cows were hypo- or normocalcemic. The proportion of cows developing LDA was not significantly different between cows that had clinical signs of hypocalcemia and were treated for parturient paresis and cows that were hypocalcemic, but did not have clinical signs and were not treated.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia at parturition as a risk factor for left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cows. 822 40

Intramuscular injection of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (with or without 25-hydroxyvitamin D3) to highly pregnant dairy cows caused a significant increase of ionized calcium in blood and of total calcium and inorganic phosphate with a concomitant decrease of magnesium in blood plasma 3,5 +/- 1,9 days later (resp. 12-48 h a.p.). This brought about a higher Ca level at parturition preventing parturient paresis. The changes of maternal mineral and vitamin D status had no effect on the mineral concentrations of blood in newborn calves. However, the increase in calcium and phosphate concentrations in maternal blood after injection was accompanied by an increase of the minerals in the amniotic fluid reflecting their strong reciprocal exchange. On the other hand, the composition of allantoic fluid showed no significant changes. Therefore, analysis of both fetal fluids does not refer to disorders of fetal mineral metabolism. As a consequence, there seems to be no potential risk of intoxication after a prepartal injection of the substances to the mother for their offspring.
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PMID:[Does the administration of derivatives of vitamin D to dairy cows in late pregnancy for the prevention of parturient paresis affect the maternal-fetal mineral metabolism?]. 834 5


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