Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Path analysis and logistic regression were used to model direct and indirect relationships among clinical periparturient (within 30 d after calving) retained placenta, metritis, veterinary-assisted dystocia, uncomplicated and complicated ketosis, left displaced abomasum, parturient paresis, mastitis, and estimated nutrient intakes (protein, calcium, phosphorus, energy; coded into terciles) in the last 3 wk of the dry period. Data were from 1,374 multiparous Holstein lactations for calvings from March 1981 through February 1982 in 31 commercial herds in central New York. Periparturient disorders occurred as a complex. Odds ratios for the multiplicative effects of parturient paresis on incidence of veterinary-assisted dystocia, retained placenta, complicated ketosis, and clinical mastitis were 7.2, 4.0, 23.6, and 5.4, respectively. Reproductive disorders were interrelated. Retained placenta, left displaced abomasum, and parturient paresis directly increased risk of complicated ketosis (odds ratios were 16.4, 53.5, and 23.6, respectively). Higher terciles of estimated energy intake in the last 3 wk of the dry period decreased risk of veterinary-assisted dystocia and left displaced abomasum, while higher terciles of estimated protein intake decreased risk of retained placenta and uncomplicated ketosis. Estimated nutrient intakes were directly related to subsequent metabolic disorders and directly and indirectly related (mediated by metabolic disorders) to reproductive disorders. The study suggests that feeding higher intakes (relative to National Research Council recommendations) of protein and energy in the last 3 week of the dry period may reduce the incidence of metabolic and reproductive disorders. Exact recommendations as to the amounts and types of feed cannot be made from our results.
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PMID:Path analysis of dry period nutrition, postpartum metabolic and reproductive disorders, and mastitis in Holstein cows. 406 48

The effects of procedures believed to produce a decrease in serum ionized calcium were tested on visual and oculomotor function in nine multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Transient improvement in scotomas, nystagmus, and oculomotor paresis occurred with intravenous infusions of NaHCO(3) or Na(2)EDTA. Hyperventilation was also tested for its effect on nystagmus and caused marked decreases in frequency. Control experiments with saline infusions did not produce any effect. The probable mechanism and site of action for these effects is discussed. This study demonstrates that certain signs and symptoms in MS can be altered favourably by changes in the internal chemical environment and offers a new approach to the search for a symptomatic therapy in MS.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous sodium bicarbonate, disodium edetate (Na2EDTA), and hyperventilation on visual and oculomotor signs in multiple sclerosis. 553 94

Ionized and total calcium levels were determined in 29 Friesian and 5 Drakensberger cows. One Friesian cow had parturient paresis and specimens were taken before and after treatment. It is suggested that due to the easy reliable way in which ionized calcium levels can now be determined this investigation should replace total calcium estimations in dairy cows presenting with parturient paresis. Ionized calcium levels serve as a valuable diagnostic aid but are also important to assess the effectivity of treatment for this condition.
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PMID:Ionized calcium versus total calcium in dairy cows. 656 67

An acute episode of encephalopathy after the infusion of 16 g methotrexate is reported in a 12-year-old girl with osteogenic sarcoma. The complication occurred during the 11th treatment course, when severe vomiting and diarrhea were followed by a low urine output with consecutive toxic concentrations of methotrexate in serum and cerebrospinal fluid leading to severe systemic and central nervous system toxicity. The onset of the central nervous system toxicity was acute with slurred speech, paresis of the external rectus eye muscles, ataxia, and hemiparesis, and symptoms resolved completely after 30 hours by treatment with calcium leucovorin and forced diuresis. After management of the cerebral and systemic toxicity, high-dose methotrexate treatment could be reinstituted, and was followed by no further complications. In contrast to the transient cerebral dysfunctions, probably caused by embolization of tumor tissue in the early course of high-dose methotrexate treatment, the acute neurologic syndrome observed in the current case after the prolonged use of methotrexate seemed to be related to direct central nervous system toxicity of the drug.
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PMID:Transient encephalopathy during the late course of treatment with high-dose methotrexate. 658 97

Fifty percent (7/14) of aged cows treated with 4 mg 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 intramuscularly precalving developed parturient paresis shortly after calving compared with 7% (1/14) of controls. Injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased concentrations in blood plasma 15 times that in control cows. Blood plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were elevated in all groups on day of calving but were not different. Injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not alter the typical plasma profile for calcium, phosphorus, or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of paretic or nonparetic cows around parturition. Although injection of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was associated with an increased incidence of parturient paresis, the mechanism remains unknown.
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PMID:24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 administration increases incidence of parturient paresis. 661 59

The mean plasma concentration of cortisol at the time of the first treatment for hypocalcaemia at calving was significantly higher in 17 cows which did not recover, than in 53 cows which recovered. Healthy periparturient cows had significantly lower cortisol levels than cows with hypocalcaemia. There was a negative correlation between plasma cortisol and plasma calcium at the time of the first treatment. After adjustment for differences in plasma calcium there was no significant difference between cortisol concentrations in healthy cows and paretic cows which recovered. Plasma cortisol was positively correlated with both packed cell volume (PCV) and serum creatine kinase (CK). At first treatment cows which did not recover had higher levels of PCV and serum CK than cows which recovered, and the difference between the mean plasma cortisol concentrations of these two groups was related to differences in plasma calcium, PCV and serum CK. Plasma cortisol concentrations remained high in cases of protracted paresis.
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PMID:Plasma concentrations of cortisol in cows with hypocalcaemia in relation to their responses to treatment with calcium. 671 15

Dry cow feeding and management were examined for predisposing factors for parturient paresis in 1,983 Holstein cows from New York Dairy Herd Improvement Cooperative records, monthly technician visits to 31 farms, and questionnaires. Variables were estimated transmitting ability, season of calving, lactation number, parturient paresis, estimated potential hours per day of exercise, and estimated nutrient intakes (protein, calcium, phosphorus, and energy) during the preceding dry period. Nutrient intakes were estimated by farmers for the average dry cow (season dependent) in their herd for the early (greater than or equal to 3 wk prepartum) and late portions of the dry period. Intakes were percentages of National Research Council requirements for a 550 kg dry cow in the last 2 mo of gestation. Nutrient intakes were coded by ranking the herds by percentage of each requirement. Codes represented the approximate lower third, middle third, and top third of the herds. Individual cows were assigned their herd nutrition codes by their season of calving. For stepwise discriminant analysis, the group variable was parturient paresis (94 cases, 1,889 controls). As lactation number (most important) and estimated transmitting ability (second most important) increased, incidence of parturient paresis increased. Parturient paresis was reduced with high dietary protein fed during the early stage of the dry period, with low phosphorus and high energy (lead feeding) closer to calving, and with decreased opportunity for exercise. Most cows were overfed calcium, especially in the late stage of the dry period, but calcium intake was not important when phosphorus was low.
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PMID:Epidemiology of parturient paresis: predisposing factors with emphasis on dry cow feeding and management. 672 26

Recent work suggests a role for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in inhibiting mobilization of bone. This study was undertaken to investigate its possible role in the etiology of parturient paresis, a hypocalcemic condition of dairy cows occurring at the onset of lactation. This metabolic disease was chosen to serve as a model of impaired mineral homeostasis. The animals examined were parturient Holstein cows with (N = 6) and without (N = 7) parturient paresis. Determinations of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and serum calcium were used to evaluate the 2 groups. The hormones were isolated using methylene chloride:methanol extraction, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantitation was by competitive protein binding assays. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of affected cows were not significantly different from those of normal cows. The 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels of paretic cows (3.48 +/- 0.27 ng/ml) were significantly higher than in the normal cows (2.03 +/- 0.34 ng/ml) (p less than 0.01). Linear regression analysis of the data from the paretic cows revealed an inverse relationship between serum calcium and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (r = -0.94). This negative correlation between serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum total calcium in a naturally occurring hypocalcemic disease of dairy cattle may provide evidence that this metabolite is of significance in the etiology and pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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PMID:Calcium and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: inverse relation in cows with parturient paresis. 681 78

Twenty Jersey cows were fed one of four prepartal diets: a)low calcium, low phosphorus (LCLP); b) low calcium, high phosphorus (LCLP); c) high calcium, low phosphorus (HCLP); or d)high calcium, high phosphorus (HCHP). Diets were fed for about 4 weeks prepartum. Blood samples were taken periodically, and the collected plasma analyzed for concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline and 1,25 dihydroxyergocalciferol plus 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D). Cows fed the LCLP and LCHP diets, when compared to cows fed the HCLP diet, had: a) greater concentrations of plasma 1,25-(OH)2D and hydroxyproline prepartum; b) greater plasma calcium concentrations at parturition; and c) less incidence (0 versus 4 cases) of parturient paresis. Thus, low calcium diets, regardless of dietary phosphorus intake, seemed to activate calcium homeostatic mechanisms before parturition by stimulating both bone and gut. Cows fed the HCLP diet had greater plasma calcium concentrations at parturition than did cows fed the HCHP, even though there was no measurable effect on plasma 1,25-(OH)2D and hydroxyproline concentrations during the prepartal period. It seems possible that the beneficial effect of low dietary phosphorus, when dietary calcium is high, may be a result of a prepartal increase in efficiency of absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the gut caused by increased binding of 1,25-(OH)2D to intestinal receptors.
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PMID:Relationships between prepartal dietary calcium and phosphorus, vitamin D metabolism, and parturient paresis in dairy cows. 689 12

A comparative assessment was made of the hormonal control of calcium homeostasis in eight dairy cows which developed parturient paresis and in seven normal animals from the same herd. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, free hydroxyproline, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, prolactin and oestrogen were monitored from 30 days prepartum to 15 days post partum. Prepartum levels of plasma calcium, hydroxyproline and calcitonin were depressed in the paretic animals, and plasma levels of phosphorus and oestrogen were elevated. Plasma levels of 25-OHD remained stable in both groups, whereas levels of 1,25-(OH)2D, parathyroid hormone and prolactin rose sharply at parturition. Plasma hydroxyproline, an index of bone resorption, began to rise 2 days prepartum in the control cows but not until 2 days post partum in the paretic cows. The data indicate that bone resorption was inhibited in the paretic group at the onset of lactation, and that a decreased capacity for bone resorption is a major factor in the susceptibility of some cows to this disease. The failure of the paretic animals to resorb bone was not associated with an inability to synthesize the calcium-mobilizing hormones parathyroid hormone or 1,25-(OH)2D, or to regulate the production of calcitonin. However, hypocalcaemia in the affected animals was associated with a significantly higher plasma level of oestrogen (a known inhibitor of bone resorption) in the immediate prepartum period. Following parturition, plasma levels of oestrogen fell rapidly and active bone resorption ensued in the paretic animals.
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PMID:A hormonal assessment of bovine parturient paresis: evidence for a role of oestrogen. 690 89


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