Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients without symptoms of episodic hyperkalemic weakness from two families with paramyotonia congenita (Eulenburg) are described. 1. Maximum voluntary muscle contraction of the upper and lower arm was studied under isometric conditions at different temperatures. If the temperature was lowered stepwise, distinct paresis occured at 32--31 degrees C which increased with the amount of muscular effort. The upper arm muscles, however, developed weakness gradually after cooling. 2. During cooling of the resting muscle, the EMG showed dense spontaneous activity of the fibrillary type, which decreased again at about 30 degrees C. It can be assumed that in paramyotonia congenita cooling produces muscle cell membrane depolarization which at a critical level causes the firing of action potentials and finally muscular paresis. 3. Increasing muscular stiffness can be interpreted as abnormally slow muscular relaxation after isometric contraction. In the forearm muscles the time to 3/4 relaxation after cooling was about six times normal, in the upper arm muscles only two times normal. As an additional parameter the mechanical resistance to passive stretching of a muscle has been studied. This passive muscular tension increased simultaneously with the onset of weakness. 4. The close relation between weakness and stiffness suggest that both symptoms are caused by the same basic defect which is probably located in the sarcolemma. It is suggested that a defect of the sodium channel causes a cooling-dependent increase in sodium conductance. Raised intracellular sodium causes in the first place membrane depolarization, and in the second place depression of calcium reuptake through competition by sodium for calcium binding sites. This would explain muscle stiffness and delayed relaxation as well.
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PMID:Influence of temperature on isometric contraction and passive muscular tension in paramyotonia congenita (Eulenburg). 9 68

The effects of dantrolene sodium, an anti-spasticity drug with a site of action within the muscle fibres, were studied in 19 patients with spastic paresis. Oral doses were successively increased from 100 mg/day to a maximal tolerated level or up to 800 mg/day. Trial periods were 8-13 weeks. The responses of stretch reflexes to local cooling over the spastic muscles were used to differentiate alpha and gamma spasticity. In the knee extensor and flexor muscle groups, cryo-negative alpha-spasticity was seen in 25 and cryo-positive gamma-spasticity in 4 muscle groups. Ankle clonus was cryo-positive in 14 of 15 cases. Resistance to passive knee joint movements, ankle clonus and isometric or isokinetic muscle strength was determined quantitatively. The gait was recorded by intermittent-light photography and the muscle activation patterns in gait were studied in recordings of the average EMG from limb muscles. Functional disability and spasms were assessed from clinical examinations and interviews. Passive resistance at slow (6%/sec) and fast (30 degrees/sec) knee joint movements decreased by 32% in the extensor muscles (p = 0.005 resp. 0.001) and by 23-26% in the flexor muscles (not significant). Reduced passive resistance was observed in 16 of the muscles with alpha-spasticity and in all 4 of the muscle groups with gamma-spasticity. Clonus was diminished or abolished in 14 of 15 patients with this sign. Maximal isometric or isokinetic muscle strength was unaltered in the majority of the patients. In a few the strength was increased, in some it was decreased. The averaged EMG activity during walking as studied in 10 patients were increased in 35 of the 57 muscle groups examined. In some muscle groups, exaggerated activity attributable to spastic reflexes was reduced. Motor disability was decreased significantly in 10 patients. It was not significantly changed in 5 and deteriorated in 4 patients. Drowsiness and subjective muscle weakness were the most frequent side-effects. SGOT and SGPT were increased in 3 cases.
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PMID:Action of dantrolene sodium in spasticity with low dependence on fusimotor drive. 13 20

The mode of action of dantrolene sodium was studied in 11 multiple sclerosis patients with spastic paresis of the legs by measurements of changes in electromyographic and mechanomyographic proprioceptive reflex responses and in voluntary power. Dantrolene sodium 0.5 mg per kg body weight given intravenously clearly reduced monosynaptic reflex twitch tension, but voluntary power only moderately so. The electromyographic reflex responses were unchanged or slightly increased. The mode of action of the drug on spindle function is discussed on the basis of the present findings and the literature. It is concluded that dantrolene sodium does not reduce spindle stretch sensitivity, but probably reduces activity in group II and tonic 1a afferent fibers.
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PMID:Mode of action of dantrolene sodium in spasticity. 15 80

An outbreak of mortality in cattle grazing kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures on a farm in the western Transvaal is described. These pastures had been heavily infested with army worm (Spodoptera exempta) two weeks preceding the onset of deaths. The main symptoms were excessive salivation, paresis of the tongue and pharynx, localized fine muscular tremors, ruminal tympany and stasis and congested or cyanotic mucous membranes. Significant clinical pathological findings were leukocytosis, elevated blood sugar levels and lowered serum magnesium and sodium levels. Autopsy findings of interest were patchy or diffuse hyperaemia of the rumen and abomasum and small haemorrhages in especially the lymph nodes, heart and tracheal mucosa. The most important histopathological finding was superficial or deep necrosis of the ruminal epithelium with marked neutrophile infiltration. All forms of treatment, including intravenous administration of magnesium sulphate, were of no avail. The condition closely resembles so-called "Kikuyu poisoning" in New Zealand.
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PMID:An outbreak of "kikuyu poisoning" in Western Transvaal. 70 6

The toxicity of sodium selenite was studied in 28 Nubian goats, 20 of which died or were killed in extremis 2 h to 21 d after dosing. Single or repeated daily oral doses of 160, 80, 40, 20 and 5 mg sodium selenite/kg were toxic to goats while daily doses of selenite ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/d for 225 d were not toxic to this species of animals. The main signs of poisoning were uneasiness, inappetence, dyspnea, salivation, diarhea, paresis of the hind limbs, arching of the back, and recumbency. The main lesions were hemorrhages in the rumen, reticulum, osmasum and abomasum, hemorrhagic or catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis, fatty change and necrosis of the centrilobular hepatocytes and of the cells of the renal convoluted tubules, splenic hemosiderosis, pulmonary congestion, haemorrhage, edema and emphysema, accumulation of lymphocytes in the vital organs, and straw-colored fluid in the serous cavities.
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PMID:Experimental selenium poisoning in Nubian goats. 235 37

A weaner ration containing carbadox at concentrations of 331 to 363 mg/kg was accidentally fed to suckling and weaned pigs in an 84 sow herd. Discarded ration was fed to 36 sows. One hundred and sixty five weaner pigs died in a 10 week period with clinical signs including refusal to eat, ill thrift, the passing of hard pelleted faeces, posterior paresis and death in seven to nine days. The surviving weaners did not thrive and some males showed poor testicular development. Sows and suckling pigs that consumed the ration also failed to thrive as did the progeny of affected sows. The main pathological finding was obliteration of the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex. Increased potassium and decreased sodium concentrations in serum were the most notable and consistent biochemical findings.
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PMID:Accidental carbadox overdosage in pigs in an Irish weaner-producing herd. 271 36

Activity of transport ATPases was studied in erythrocyte membranes and synaptosomal fraction of cervical department of spinal cord obtained from rats in dynamics of botulinic C intoxication Na+, K+-ATPase was inhibited by the competitive type in the synaptosomal brain fraction at the preclinical period of intoxication and by the noncompetitive type at the step of skeletal muscle paresis. In erythrocyte membranes activity of Na+, K+-ATPase was inhibited by the mixed type at the preclinical period of intoxication and the enzymatic activity was inhibited by the noncompetitive type at the step of skeletal muscle paresis. The Na+, K+-ATPase from biological membranes was reactivated by unithiol and nicotinamide in dynamics of intoxication. The toxin was shown to activate Mg2+-ATPase in brain synaptosomal fraction.
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PMID:[Effect of botulinum toxin on the activity of transport ATPases in biological membranes]. 298 43

Some types of anesthesia, used usually in labor anesthesia (sodium hydroxybutyrate, lexir) or in abdominal delivery (neuroleptanesthesia, cetalar narcosis, electroanesthesia) did not affect distinctly the activity of amine oxidases in blood sera of women in labor and of fetus. In some groups of women in labor the neonates were found, blood serum of which exhibited high activity of diamine oxidase, not observed in normal state. A slight decrease in deamination of benzylamine (20%) and 4-nitrobenzylamine (30%) was observed in patients with gynecological diseases within 2 and 3 days after operations. If intestinal paresis developed in the patients within the postoperational period deamination of these substrates was decreased by 75-80% in blood sera. After 2-4 courses of hyperbaric oxygenation a slight but statistically distinct decrease (by 22-25%) in the rate of deamination of benzylamine and 4-nitrobenzylamine was found in blood sera of the patients.
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PMID:[Changes in the amine oxidase activity of human serum during different types of anesthesia and hyperbaric oxygenation]. 308 35

Four patients with giant aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery over 2.5 cm in diameter were treated surgically. The aneurysms were excised during operations carried out under hypotension achieved with sodium nitroprusside, with administration of large amounts of mannitol and with arrest of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery for 3-10 minutes. Two patients had reoperations for postoperative complications. After the operation the patient who was initially in grade III of Botterell's scale died, and three other patients were in a good condition after one years with moderate paresis of the upper extremity.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of a giant aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery]. 358 19

Thirty (2.5%) of 1200 consecutive patients with a first stroke had a spontaneous dissection with occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA). A suggestive picture with ipsilateral headache and oculosympathetic paresis was uncommon (17%), so that diagnosis was uncertain before angiography. Seven patients died within one week. During follow-up (mean, 3.2 years) with sequential Doppler ultrasonographic testing, 12 survivors had a good recovery and early reopening of the occluded ICA, and 11 had a poor recovery usually without reopening of the ICA. Recurrence of a dissection occurred in only one patient. Large infarcts causing death or a severe disability were associated with an ICA thrombus and distal emboli; the organization of this intraluminal thrombosis may explain the absence of reopening in these cases while resorption of the intramural hematoma developed. Early heparin sodium therapy may help prevent intraluminal clotting without carrying an important risk of extending the dissection, but its clinical benefit remains unproven. Contrary to current opinions, ICA dissection with occlusion causing cerebral infarction may often carry a severe prognosis.
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PMID:Spontaneous carotid dissection with acute stroke. 381 30


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