Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reciprocal reflex connections were studied in capsular hemiplegia and spastic paresis with spinal cord lesions, using Lloyd's technique. Effects of conditioning stimulation of the tibial or peroneal nerve on the H reflex in the antagonists were examined. Stimulus intensity was controlled with reference to the threshold of the M wave. Weaker stimulation than this threshold was regarded as stimulation of group I afferents. It aroused no subjection sensation in intact subjects. Early and strong inhibition, comparable to Ia inhibition in the cat (Lloyd 1946), was observed from weak stimulation of the tibial nerve on the pre-tibial (flexor) H reflex, but not from the peroneal nerve on the triceps surae (extensor) H reflex in capsular hemiplegia. Alcohol block of extensor motor points resulted in reduction of spasticity without further paralysis in the blocked muscle and a remarkable increase in strength of the antagonist pre-tibial muscles. These results suggest that an extensor spasticity withe flexor weakness, which is common in capsular hemiplegia, may be due to an imbalance of reflex activities via Ia muscle afferents, and that a part of flexor weakness can be restored by "disinhibition' by reduction of Ia inflow from extensor muscles. Ia inhibition was also observed in one third of cases with spinal cord lesions at rest. It returned to normal after recovery from spastic paresis by radical therapy in some cases.
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PMID:Reciprocal Ia inhibition in spastic paralysis in man. 28 52

Four patients had a characteristic motor paresis that was dramatically improved by sympathetic block. The cause of this paresis could not be determined by the usual neurological examinations. It was similar to reflex sympathetic dystrophy in that the patients experienced severe pain, swelling, coldness, and muscle atrophy in the affected limbs or other parts of the body in the course of their illness. However, the motor paresis could precede the pain or develop after the pain had disappeared. Even in the absence of pain, the motor paresis was exacerbated by sympathetic stimulation using epinephrine, norepinephrine (nor-adrenalin), or isoproterenol hydrochloride (Proternol) loading and was improved by regional intravenous infusion of reserpine or by sympathetic ganglion block. Loading with pilocarpine, atropine sulfate (Bosmin), and edrophonium chloride (Antirex) did not influence the paresis. This motor paresis is thought to be due to abnormally increased sympathetic tone and may be considered a motor form of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. However, motor paresis closely related to sympathetic dysfunction is quite a new condition that we call "sympathetic motor paresis." This is important clinically because a long-standing effect can be expected from permanent sympathetic ganglion block with dehydrated ethanol.
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PMID:Motor paresis improved by sympathetic block. A motor form of reflex sympathetic dystrophy? 273 Mar 81

The development of organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) was studied in the European ferret (Mustela putorius furo). A single oral or dermal dose of 250, 500, or 1000 mg tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP)/kg body weight was administered to adult male ferrets. Corn oil served as the vehicle in the oral test and 95% ethanol was the vehicle in the dermal test. At 48 h posttreatment, half the animals in each group were killed by cervical dislocation for assessment of whole-brain neuropathy target esterase (NTE) activity. The remaining 5 animals per group were observed and examined neurologically on a daily basis for a subsequent 54 d. All ferrets dosed dermally with 1000 mg TOTP/kg body weight developed clinical signs characteristic of OPIDN ranging from ataxia to partial paresis. Ferrets administered 250 and 500 mg TOTP/kg body weight via the dermal route displayed variable degrees of hind limb weakness and ataxia. Of the animals dosed orally, only those in the 1000 mg TOTP/kg body weight group showed clinical signs indicative of OPIDN. These signs did not progress beyond mild ataxia. Small amounts of axonal degeneration were noted in the dorsolateral part of the lateral funiculus and in the fasciculus gracilis of spinal cords in ferrets receiving dermal doses of 1000 mg TOTP/kg body weight. Whole-brain neuropathy target esterase activity was also maximally inhibited (46%) in animals receiving 1000 mg TOTP/kg dermally. These results suggest that the ferret is a species that is susceptible to OPIDN.
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PMID:Delayed neurotoxic effects of tri-o-tolyl phosphate in the European ferret. 291 34

A simplified and accurate method for determination of naturally occurring vitamin D3 in bovine milk was established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using successively reversed-phase and straight-phase columns. Exactly 25.0 ml of a sample of bovine milk was taken and the lipid was extracted with a solvent mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl ether (1:1) with small amounts of ethanol and Triton X-100, present. The extracted lipid was subjected to the first preparative HPLC using a Nucleosil 5C18 column (reversed-phase type) with acetonitrile-methanol (1:1) as the mobile phase, and a fraction containing vitamin D3 was isolated. The fraction was subsequently subjected to the second analytical HPLC using a Zorbax SIL column (straight-phase type) with 0.4% isopropanol in n-hexane as the mobile phase. Vitamin D3 was assayed by estimating the peak height on the chromatogram. The overall recovery and CV values were 92.1 +/- 8.7% and 9.4%, respectively, which were satisfactory. The proposed method was applied to several kinds of colostrum, early and later bovine milk in pairs. The assayed values in the colostrum of the group with large amounts of vitamin D3 administered before delivery to prevent parturient paresis were higher than those in the group with no administration. However, the values of the former group generally decreased in the respective early and later milk in step and there were few differences among those in the later milk of the two groups. The assayed values in later milk were 30-80 IU/liter.
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PMID:High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of vitamin D3 in bovine colostrum, early and later milk. 609 36

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) was performed as a therapeutic procedure on twenty-four patients affected by toxic autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). After treatment patients were followed up for a mean period of 12 months. PEI induced persistent and complete (clinical and hormonal) disease control in 19/23 cases (82.6%) that completed the procedure, normalization of serum FT4 and FT3 associated with a still suppressed TSH in 2/23 cases (8.6%) and failed to control hyperthyroidism in 2/23 cases (8.6%). After PEI all AFTN became smaller at clinical and US examination with a 60% mean volume decrease. Nodule shrinkage was related to cytological and histological findings of well circumscribed coagulative necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and progressive fibrosis. PEI induced two cases of temporary complications: 1 case of acute worsening of thyrotoxicosis and 1 case of self-resolving vocal cord paresis. No increase of serum autoantibodies (TgAb, TPOAb, TRAb) was detected during the follow-up period.
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PMID:[Long-term results of echographically guided percutaneous ethanol injection in the treatment of the autonomous thyroid nodule]. 819 58

Of all vascular anomalies, venous malformations are the most common, and they have a propensity for the head and neck. The authors retrospectively analyzed 40 patients with craniofacial venous malformations who underwent sclerotherapy between October of 1994 and June of 1996 to determine (1) the results of sclerotherapy with ethanol and/or sodium tetradecyl sulfate, (2) the types and rate of complications, and (3) whether outcome correlated with age, sex, location, size, tissues involved, morphology (lobular or varicose), venous outflow, or number of sclerotherapy sessions. The authors also reviewed the results after sclerotherapy and contour resection (n = 18). Comparisons between the results with ethanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate and between sclerotherapy alone and sclerotherapy and resection combined were not done. The study was composed of three parts. They were (1) a review of records and imaging studies, (2) a panel evaluation of pretreatment and posttreatment photographs, and (3) a questionnaire that determined the patient's (or parent of the patient's) impression of therapy. Interrater and intrarater agreement were analyzed. Sclerotherapy was performed in an angiographic suite, under general anesthesia, using absolute ethanol and/or sodium tetradecyl sulfate. Complications of the treatment included acute blistering (50 percent), hemoglobinuria (28 percent), deep ulceration (13 percent), and nerve injury (7.5 percent). Two patients suffered transient facial paresis, and one had permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Thirty patients (75 percent) were rated as having marked improvement or as being cured by all three members of the panel; 10 patients (25 percent) were rated as having no change or only slight improvement by one or more members of the panel. Interrater reliability was moderately positive, and intrarater reliability was highly positive. Thirty-seven patients or parents of patients (93 percent) responded to the questionnaire. The outcome was considered to be marked improvement or cured in 28 patients (76 percent), and nine respondents (24 percent) described only minor improvement or no change. Logistic regression analysis revealed that only male sex and number of sclerotherapeutic procedures were significant multivariate predictors of outcome. Size, location, tissues involved, morphology, or venous outflow were not determinant. In conclusion, sclerotherapy with ethanol or sodium tetradecyl sulfate is an effective and safe treatment for craniofacial venous malformations. Often, sclerotherapy has to be repeated. For extensive perioral malformations, combined sclerotherapy and resection give the best result.
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PMID:Sclerotherapy of craniofacial venous malformations: complications and results. 1059 69

The percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) with ultrasound guidance has been suggested for the treatment of patients with hyperparathyroidism who are on dialysis, with the aim of selectively treating the parathyroid glands with nodular hyperplasia. We present our experience in 25 patients with chronic renal failure followed during 13.4 +/- 10.6 months. A decrease in the levels of parathormone (PTH) (1,236.32 +/- 129.8 vs. 721.66 +/- 142.24 pg/ml), phosphatemia (6.16 +/- 0.35 vs. 4.93 +/- 0.36 mg/dl) and calcium-phosphorous product (60.82 +/- 3.81 vs. 46.47 +/- 3.46 mg2/dl2) was verified. In 56% of patients, PTH levels decreased (>50% of the baseline value) and 36% had final values <300 pg/ml. Patients in whom ultrasound showed a single gland responded better than those with more than one gland (83.3 vs. 30.8% of responders in each group). The procedures performed had a 4.9% complication rate: hematoma, symptomatic hypocalcemia, temporary paresis of the vocal cords. In summary, treatment with PEI is useful for the management of patients with hyperparathyroidism who are on dialysis, and the results achieved are better in patients who have a single gland identified by ultrasonography.
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PMID:Treatment of uremic hyperparathyroidism with percutaneous ethanol injection. 1594 51

A growing number of therapeutic agents and exogenous toxins are harmful to structure and function of human skeletal muscle. The clinical syndrome encompasses asymptomatic creatine kinase elevation, myalgia, exercise intolerance, muscle paresis and atrophy, and lastly acute rhabdomyolysis. Toxic myopathies are potentially reversible, hence a prompt recognition is particularly helpful for the early diagnosis and in conclusion elimination of a myopathy inducing toxin. Toxic myopathies may be classified as acute or chronic accordingly to the exposition time to a toxin. Main source of an exogenous induced toxic myopathy is chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol excess induces acute and/or chronic neuropathy and myopathy, consequently muscle wasting and weakness occurs. Drug-induced myopathies are most frequently seen due to amplified utilization of corticosteroids or lipid lowering agents.
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PMID:[Lipid lowering drug and other toxic myopathies]. 1615 87

The paper presents the case of a female, 36, hospitalised in the Lublin Regional Center of Clinical Toxicology, diagnosed with heavy ethylene glycol intoxication. The patient suffered from metabolic acidosis with pH at 6.6, bases shortage - 35,5 mmol/l, renal failure, acute respiratory failure, symptoms of CNS damage such as prolonged coma, followed by dysphasia and the lower limbs paresis persisting for a few weeks. During the treatment, ethanol was used as a competitive inhibitor of alcoholic dehydrogenase along with hemodialyses, intensive symptomatic treatment, care and rehabilitation. In spite of the severe course of the intoxication, the procedures employed with the patient resulted turned out to be effective, with total renal failure regression, lower limb paresis regression, speech function regain and regular motor apparatus function regain and the regaining of speech and regular motor apparatus functions. The case description proves that intensive therapy might lead to recovery even in cases of extreme metabolic acidosis.
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PMID:[Extremely severe metabolic acidosis and multi-organ complications in ethylene glycol intoxication: a case study]. 2201 Apr 58

Patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome have various clinical symptoms including vesicular rash of the external acoustic meatus and auricle. In addition to facial nerve paresis, neurological disturbances of various cranial nerves such as the acoustic nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve are reported in patients of Ramsay Hunt syndrome. To understand the reasons for the clinical symptoms, we observed the nerve branches of the auricle and external acoustic meatus. We used 18 halves of 11 Japanese cadavers. All cadavers were fixed in 8% formalin and preserved in 30% ethanol. Dissection was performed under a stereomicroscope and the communication among the nerve branches was analyzed. Posterosuperior wall of the acoustic meatus was innervated by nerve branches that emerged from the tympanomastoid fissure in 17 specimens (17/18). These branches always crossed the facial canal and had more than one communicating branch with the facial nerve inside the canal (17/17) or in the petrous bone (1/17). These branches originated from the superior ganglion of the vagus. In the origin from the vagus nerve, some of these branches communicated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (3/17). In addition to these branches, the facial nerve, after originating from the stylomastoid foramen, bifurcated into two nerve branches in some specimens (7/17). Nerve branches around the external acoustic meatus and the auricle have various communications before reaching the central nervous system. The variety of communications could explain the varied symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome.
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PMID:Origin, course and distribution of the nerves to the posterosuperior wall of the external acoustic meatus. 2460 37


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