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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cows fed a balanced diet with the required amounts of calcium and phosphorus developed acute hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia shortly after parturition, even in the presence of the a responsive parathyroid gland, when bone resorption was selectively inhibited by the prepartal administration of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP). When serum total and ionized calcium levels declined below 6.0 and 1.0 mg/100 ml, respectively, cows developed clinical signs similar to naturally occurring parturient paresis. The plasma immunoreactive parathroid hormone levels were similar prepartum, at parturition, and 1 day postpartum in cows administered EHDP as in control cows. Parathyroid chief cells were predominately in the actively synthesizing phase of the secretory cycle with a prominent Golgi apparatus and lamellar arrays of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Many chief cells were degranulated of mature secretory gransules. Calcitonin activity in thyroid extracts, determined by bioassay, and the numbers of secretory granules in thyroid C-cells were similar in both groups of cows. EDTA infusion after 60 days of the experiment demonstrated that the immediately available calcium reserves were reduced in EHDP-treated cows. The serum calcium remained significantly lower and did not return to preinfusion levels by 24 hours. Serum calcium in control cows returned to within the normal range by 6 hours after EDTA infusion. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was consistently reduced prepartum and following EDTA infusion in cows receiving EHDP. The experimental induction of parturient of parturient hypocalcemia by the prepartal administration of EHDP provides a valuable model for studies to investigate the mechanisms in bone responsible for the development of severe hypocalcemia that occurs in response to the increased calcium demand imposed by parturition and the initiation of lactation.
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PMID:Experimental parturient hypocalcemia in cows following prepartal chemical inhibition of bone resportion. 18 Aug 13

EDTA infusion on bulls is well suited to induce hypocalcemia. There exist individual differences in the bull's reaction to EDTA, and the bulls' degree of response is reduced by age. The response also differs from bull to bull when they are tested at different points in time. Health card recording conducted in Norway gives the possibility of estimating the heritability for various diseases. The reaction of the bulls to biological tests may also be compared to the daughters' resistance to various diseases. These experiments are conducted in the hope of finding some correlation between the bull's reactions on EDTA infusion and their daughters; resistance to paresis puerperalis.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia in bulls after EDTA infusion; variations among individuals. 40 54

Calves were treated with different doses of lead acetate to investigate the influence of chronic subclinical lead intoxication on the immune system. A seven months old heifer fell ill showing typical signs of acute lead intoxication. This animal had been fed 0.316 mg lead for three months and 5 mg Pb/kg body weight/day for 17 days afterwards. Following symptoms were observed: Derangement of the central nervous system, paresis of the left body side, motor paralysis of the chewing muscles and disturbances of swallowing activity. Furthermore tooth grinding and attempts to push against, or climb walls were seen. After a single dose (2g) Ca-EDTA the heifer recovered progressively in 18 days.
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PMID:[Acute lead poisoning in a young cow (case report)]. 238 33

The effects of procedures believed to produce a decrease in serum ionized calcium were tested on visual and oculomotor function in nine multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Transient improvement in scotomas, nystagmus, and oculomotor paresis occurred with intravenous infusions of NaHCO(3) or Na(2)EDTA. Hyperventilation was also tested for its effect on nystagmus and caused marked decreases in frequency. Control experiments with saline infusions did not produce any effect. The probable mechanism and site of action for these effects is discussed. This study demonstrates that certain signs and symptoms in MS can be altered favourably by changes in the internal chemical environment and offers a new approach to the search for a symptomatic therapy in MS.
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PMID:Effect of intravenous sodium bicarbonate, disodium edetate (Na2EDTA), and hyperventilation on visual and oculomotor signs in multiple sclerosis. 553 94

Cell-free viruses recovered from virus-carrying cultures of the Niigata-1, Kitaken-1, and Biken strains of SSPE virus were examined for neurovirulence. The cell-free viruses were prepared by freezing and thawing or by EDTA treatment of the virus-carrying cultures and inoculated into adult mice intracerebrally. A considerable number of the inoculated mice showed clinical signs about 1 to 5 weeks after the inoculation. The first symptom was hyperreactivity, which was followed by paresis and myoclonus. All of the affected mice fell in paralysis and finally died. The virus could be recovered from the moribund mice by cocultivation of the brain cells with Vero cells. Immunofluorescence staining of the brain tissue revealed that infected cells containing viral antigens were distributed sparsely. No inflammatory feature, however, was observed in the brain as far as examined and neutralizing antibody against SSPE virus was not detected in sera from the mice inoculated with the cell-free SSPE viruses.
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PMID:Mode of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus infection in tissue culture cells. III. Neurovirulence of cell-free SSPE viruses of Niigata-1, Kitaken-1, and Biken strains. 731 88

Evidence supports the theory that a diet that is rich in nonmetabolizable anions fed to dairy cows during the dry period reduces the risk of hypocalcemic paresis puerperalis. When cows are fed a diet that is rich in anions instead of cations, more Ca is absorbed in the intestine and excreted in urine. We hypothesized that, in cows fed a diet that was rich in anions, the increased flow of Ca through the body could be drained to support the maintenance of plasma Ca concentration around parturition. The hypothesis was tested by binding plasma Ca through intravenous administration of Na2-EDTA and measuring excretion of Ca in urine. In a 2-period x 14-d crossover study, six, nonpregnant, nonlactating, multiparous cows were fed either a diet that was rich in cations (dietary cation-anion difference = +332 meq/kg of dry matter) or rich in anions (dietary cation-anion difference = -230 meq/kg of dry matter). On the last day of each feeding period, Na2-EDTA was infused intravenously until the amount of plasma Ca that was not bound to EDTA reached approximately 1 mmol/L. The amount of EDTA that could be infused was significantly greater when the cows were fed the diet that was rich in anions. During the infusion of Na2-EDTA the rate of Ca excretion in urine dropped to almost 0 when the diet that was rich in anions was fed. After feeding the diet that was rich in cations, excretion of Ca in urine was negligible and was not reduced further by Na2-EDTA infusion. Thus, in cows fed a diet that was rich in anions, the Ca intended for excretion with urine can be used when plasma Ca is under stress as would occur at the onset of lactation. However, the amount of Ca derived from plasma, interstitial fluid, and the skeleton during Na2-EDTA infusion was quantitatively much more important to the supply of Ca than was the reduction in excretion of Ca in urine. Most likely, this relationship would also be true when the production of colostrum begins.
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PMID:Hypocalcemia induced by intravenous administration of disodium ethylenediaminotetraacetate and its effects on excretion of calcium in urine of cows fed a high chloride diet. 1038 18

The pathophysiology of postparturient paresis is still not completely understood. Knowledge recently acquired in immunology, endocrinology and cell physiology has still to be integrated in order to elucidate the aetiopathogenesis of the disease. For that purpose, the effect of the EDTA infusion model on the plasma concentrations of selected cytokines and growth factors, and of a calcium binding protein was examined in dairy cows. Six 6- to 11-year-old Brown Swiss cows in mid lactation were infused with a 5% solution of Na2EDTA in one jugular vein over a period of 5 h. Blood samples were collected from the contralateral side daily two days before, and then hourly for five hours during the infusion, hourly for five hours after the end of the infusion, and once daily for 10 days thereafter. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and the calcium binding protein S-100 were determined. Before the EDTA infusion, during the infusion and for two days thereafter, the mean plasma concentrations of cortisol were significantly higher than those from days 4 to 10 after the infusion. The plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist followed a similar profile. At the end of EDTA infusion, low concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were detected in one cow only. On days 3 and 4, the mean plasma concentrations of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were significantly higher than the pre-infusion values, but this was followed by a significant decrease on post-infusion day 5. From day 4 to 7, the plasma concentrations of S-100 were significantly lower than the pre-infusion values. The importance of these findings in the pathophysiology of postparturient paresis remains to be established.
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PMID:Effects of EDTA-induced hypocalcaemia and stress on plasma TNF-alpha, IL-1-ra, G-CSF, GM-CSF and S-100 in dairy cows. 1049 17

The collagen metabolites hydroxyproline (HYP), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), and the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) are suitable markers for bone resorption in humans and several animal species. The purpose of this study was to describe the course of bone resorption markers during short-term hypocalcemia induced with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) and to investigate whether bone resorption is increased in dairy cows under these conditions. EDTA infusions have been used as a model for periparturient paresis in dairy cows and to estimate the calcium mobilization rate from body reserves in ruminants. In this study, hypocalcemia was induced by means of a 5% Na2EDTA infusion (0.55 mg/kg/min Na2EDTA for 5 h = total dose of 100.6 g). Two experiments were conducted: (1) Six 4-11 years-old Brown Swiss cows were infused intravenously with EDTA for 5 h. Blood and urine samples were taken repeatedly from 1 day before until 10 days after infusion. (2) Towards the end of the lactation, the experiment was repeated with the same animals after a 14-day-period of feeding a low calcium diet (26 g/animal per day). The EDTA-infusion induced hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. The HYP-, DPD- and ICTP-concentration remained mainly unaffected during both infusions. Only DPD showed an increase during infusion and HYP an increase 2 days after the infusion. In conclusion, the EDTA infusion had little effect on the concentrations of the measured bone markers, which may be due to the fact that the serum calcium pool was refilled by increased absorption of Ca via the gastrointestinal tract. From these results, it can be concluded that bone resorption was not influenced by EDTA infusion.
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PMID:The course of selected bone resorption marker concentrations in response to short-term hypocalcemia experimentally induced with disodium EDTA infusions in dairy cows. 1107 39

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of dietary grain on calcium homeostasis. Six rumen-fistulated dairy cows with 3 or more previous lactations and no history of parturient paresis were randomly assigned to a sequence of diets in a crossover study with 4 periods of 10 days each. Dietary treatments were: A control ration consisting of wrap grass silage alone (1), the control ration supplemented with ammonium chloride and ammonium sulphate salt solution (2), control ration following a period with supplementation (3) and control ration supplemented with increasing amounts of barley from 4 to 10 kg/cow per day, expected to produce subclinical rumen acidosis (4). Daily intake of the diets was adjusted to 14 kg DM/cow per day. On day 11, the calcium-regulating mechanisms in cows were challenged until recumbency by a standardized intravenous EDTA infusion and cows were left to recover spontaneously. Anion supplementation and the feeding of highly fermentable carbohydrate lowered urine pH below 7.0 due to subclinical acidosis. During spontaneous recovery from EDTA induced hypocalcaemia, the cows more quickly regained a whole blood free calcium concentration of 1.00 mmol/L if they had most recently been supplemented with either anionic salts or with increasing amounts of barley, as compared to the basic ration. It is concluded that so-called slug-feeding or 'steaming up' with highly fermentable carbohydrates before parturition in milk fever susceptible cows enhanced calcium homeostasis similar to the effect seen in cows on anionic diets.
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PMID:Effect of anionic salt and highly fermentable carbohydrate supplementations on urine pH and on experimentally induced hypocalcaemia in cows. 1566 74