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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Poisoning due to barium carbonate (rat poison) resulting in areflexic quadriplegia and respiratory muscle paresis in a young patient is described. The various effects of barium salts on the human body and their treatment are highlighted.
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PMID:Acute paralysis due to barium carbonate. 209 39

Dietary cation-anion difference has been defined as milliequivalents of (Na+K)-(Cl+S) per kilogram of DM and has a direct impact on blood acid-base metabolism. As this difference decreases, one or more of the following blood parameters change: increased H+, decreased HCO3-, and decreased pH. These changes are accompanied by reduced urinary HCO3- excretion and pH as compensatory mechanisms. Although other minerals have an impact on acid-base metabolism, the four minerals used in dietary cation-anion difference have the greatest effect. Manipulation of acid-base balance can be used to manipulate other biological functions to benefit health and productivity of cows. Low cation-anion difference prepartum can mitigate hypocalcemia peripartum via increased urinary Ca, blood-ionized Ca, and responsiveness to Ca homeostatic hormones. These changes reduced the incidence of paresis and increased productivity by reducing the severity and length of hypocalcemia in all cows (periparturient), regardless of the occurrence of paresis. Reduced cation-anion differences prepartum have been related to a reduced severity of udder edema, likely related to increased renal loss of water and unchanged water intake. However, the effects on acid-base balance cannot be ruled out because of effects on biochemical and transport processes. Elevated cation-anion difference in lactation has been shown to increase DMI and production and to mitigate the effects of heat stress. Because production and heat stress are acidogenic, elevated cation-anion difference improves blood-buffering capacity to cope with H+. In heat stress, elevated water intake with elevated cation-anion difference cannot be ignored. Other diseases related to metabolic acid, such as laminitis and ketoacidosis, may be influenced by elevated cation-anion difference in lactation; however, research in these areas has not been forthcoming.
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PMID:Manipulation of dietary cation-anion difference on nutritionally related production diseases, productivity, and metabolic responses of dairy cows. 804 83

A large emphasis on precalving magnesium supplementation has substantially reduced the incidence of clinical hypocalaemia in pasture-based systems. Survey data in the major pasture-based systems suggest a 2 to 4% incidence of parturient paresis, although this can vary considerably between farms. Detailed blood measurements under research conditions suggests that approximately 5% of cows are clinically hypocalcaemic (blood calcium < 1.4 mmol/l) and between 30 and 40% of cows are subclinically hypocalcaemic (plasma calcium < 2.0 mmol/l). Systems of control have traditionally been based on preventing the paretic cow, with more emphasis of late being placed on preventing hypocalcaemia. Preventative measures vary, but largely involve either supplementation with magnesium oxide pre-calving, supplementation with calcium carbonate during the colostrum period or a combination of magnesium supplementation precalving and calcium supplementation post-calving. In New Zealand, the use of commercial products that bind calcium is increasing precalving, but is still only practiced by a small percentage of farmers. The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of pasture is so high and so variable that changes in DCAD sufficient to change blood pH are not practical and very difficult to achieve with consistency. The use of magnesium chloride and magnesium sulphate in preference to magnesium oxide, as precalving magnesium supplements, is increasing.
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PMID:The incidence and control of hypocalcaemia in pasture-based systems. 1462 4