Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The so-called "waddling gait" caused by paresis or mechanical insufficiency of the hip muscles is an ambiguous clinical guiding symptom. This pelvifemorally accentuated muscular weakness coinciding with pain in the range of the locomotor system should make one consider the diagnosis of osteomalacia due to deficiency of vitamin D, especially in Asian patients. In the present case, the course of investigation is described in detail, as well as the effective therapy. The diagnosis of this clinical picture ought to be familiar to any neurologist, since its more frequent appearance must be expected as an increasing number of Asians seek asylum in the years ahead. Social integration of the affected persons may be made easier by treatment on the lines described here.
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PMID:[A rare differential diagnosis of waddling gait--osteomalacia caused by vitamin D deficiency]. 839 65

Eleven late-pregnant Jersey cows were assigned to two groups; a group (PO-RBVD group) consisting of five cows treated with an oral administration of 10 million I.U. of an encapsulated form of vitamin D3 ("rumen-bypass" VD3; RBVD3) and another group (IMVD group) consisting of the other six treated with an intramuscular injection of 10 million I.U. of vitamin D3 (VD3). The cows received the RBVD3 or VD3 administration at 7 days before the expected parturition. The changes in the plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, ionized Ca (Ca++) and inorganic phosphorus (iP) were evaluated. Of the vitamin D metabolites, the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in PO-RBVD group increased significantly after the RBVD3 administration and remained in high levels that were significantly higher than those in IMVD group. This suggested that RBVD3 was absorbed rapidly and excellently from the post-ruminal digestive tract without the degradation by ruminal microorganisms. The plasma Ca++ and iP concentrations in PO-RBVD group tended to be higher after the administration and around parturition than those in IMVD group. From these observations, it was suggested the oral RBVD3 administration had more potent ability to prevent parturient paresis compared with the VD3 injection used widely in Japan.
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PMID:Effects of oral administration of "rumen-bypass" vitamin D3 on vitamin D and calcium metabolism in periparturient cows. 1082 27

A 22-week-old 21-kg female Bernese Mountain Dog ingested a topical antipsoriatic preparation containing the synthetic vitamin D analog tacalcitol. The dog died after a history of lethargy, recumbency, paresis of the hindlimbs, increased rectal temperature, dyspnea, and hematemesis. Histologic examination revealed metastatic calcification in the kidneys, lungs, myocardium, brain, stomach, and tear glands. The appearance of soft tissue mineralization in multiple organs is consistent with hypercalcemia derived from excessive vitamin D uptake. Oral toxicity studies for tacalcitol in the dog are not available, but the present report emphasizes the extraordinary toxic risk of drugs containing this vitamin D analog to dogs.
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PMID:Metastatic calcification in a dog attributable to ingestion of a tacalcitol ointment. 1105 79

Calcium (Ca) is essential for life in higher animals. It is involved in the normal functioning of a wide variety of tissues and physiologic processes which include bone formation, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, blood clotting and as a second messenger regulating the actions of many hormones. In order for these functions to be carried out properly, blood Ca concentrations must be monitored and regulated within strict limitations. The discovery of the vitamin D endocrine system has resulted in the realization that Ca regulation in mammals and birds involves a coordinated effort between the hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin and the hormonally-active form of vitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Failure of this system to maintain normal blood Ca concentrations at parturition is a common occurrence in ruminants leading to clinical (periparturient paresis, milk fever) and subclinical hypocalcemia. Vitamin D sterols have played a significant role in efforts to avoid parturient hypocalcemia and this report will summarize advantages and disadvantages associated with their use.
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PMID:Role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis and its use in prevention of bovine periparturient paresis. 1462 94

An interaction between blood levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium was examined in 85 cows, which included healthy cows and cows with ostemalacia, mastitis and paresis. Levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin were determined in vitro using IMMULITE analyser (Diagnostic Products Corporation, USA), by means of immunometric assay. Levels of vitamin D were measured using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were determined using the automated Eos-Bravo analyser (Hospitex Diagnostics, Italy) with HOSPITEX reagents. The lowest blood levels of calcium (1.38 +/- 0.18 mmol/L) and phosphorus (0.65 +/- 0.12 mmol/L) were found in cows with parturient paresis. Decreased blood levels of phosphorus and magnesium were also determined in cows with osteomalacia. For cows with parturient paresis, which received a mineral supplement, the average serum level of calcium was by 20.7% higher than the level found in those which did not receive a supplement, and the level of phosphorus was by 23.6% higher, however, these levels remained low. The blood level of parathyroid hormone ranged from 3.47 to 5.20 pmol/L in healthy cows and from 3.95 to 15.21 pmol/L in sick cows. The highest and statistically significant increase in blood PTH level (up to 18.31 +/- 1.88 pmol/L) was found in cows with parturient paresis. The blood level of PTH correlated inversely with the level of calcium in cows with osteomaliacia (r = -0.89) and in cows with parturient paresis (r = -0.49 and r = -0.61, respectively). The serum level of calcitonin ranged from 1.46 pmol/L to 2.40 pmol/L in healthy and sick cows and the difference was not statistically significant. Lower serum levels of vitamin D were found in heifers-in-calf and in cows with mastitis. A clear correlation between levels of calcitonin, vitamin D and macronutrients was not found.
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PMID:Interaction between the levels of hormones and minerals in sera of healthy and sick cows. 1638 50

Milk fever (MF) is a metabolic disease in dairy cows around parturition. The clinical lead sign is muscular paresis leading in severe cases to paralysis of the affected animal. Multiparturient animals of high performing dairy breeds are most likely to be affected and have a high probability of recurrence. An acute drop in blood calcium levels causes the disease when the demand for calcium at the onset of lactation exceeds the ability to replete blood calcium levels through mobilization from bone and intestinal uptake. With the understanding of the underlying mechanism, calcium supply management and vitamin D supplementation became prime candidates for MF prevention and therapy. Several strategies have been developed for MF prevention. Application of the active form of Vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, was found to prevent MF effectively. In order to prevent a delayed hypocalcemia, which was occasionally seen after stopping the treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3, a new approach was chosen by applying Solanum glaucophyllum extract (SGE), which contains 1,25(OH)2D3-glycosides, as instant-release (irSGE) in combination with slow-release (srSGE) tablets. In a first study, non-lactating cows were treated with a single bolus of either synthetic 1,25(OH)2D3, irSGE, or srSGE and the results were compared to a control group without treatment. Blood serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D), calcium (Ca), phosphate (P) and magnesium (Mg) were followed for 11days and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Calcium and phosphate excretion in urine were determined during 15days. While serum concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3 was back to pre-treatment level in the irSGE, srSGE and 1,25(OH)2D3 treated group within 3days, calcium and phosphate levels remained elevated for up to 9days. AUC of serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was 2.89 (1,25D), 3.13 (irSGE) and 4.21 (srSGE) times higher than control. Serum calcium levels were 1.07* (for 1.25D); 1.08* (for irSGE) and 1.12* (for srSGE) times higher than control. Serum phosphate levels were 1.20* (for 1,25D); 1.30* (for irSGE) and 1.41* (for srSGE) times higher than control, with * p<0.05. In a second field study calving cows treated with one bolus containing ir- and sr- tablets of SGE were compared to an untreated control group and to a group treated with 4 boli of commercial calcium salts. As a result, calcium serum levels increased (+19% compared to baseline) around calving after treatment with the single bolus of SGE. The single bolus of SGE lead also to an increase of serum phosphate (+31% compared to baseline). These calcium and phosphate increases were statistically significant (p<0.001) 0-24h after calving compared to the control group and to the group treated with calcium salts. The sample size of the study was too small to draw a conclusion on the effect on MF prevention. In conclusion, application of a single bolus of a SGE extract lead to an increase of serum calcium and phosphate for up to 9days and may thus have the potential to prevent a hypocalcemia and -phosphatemia, an important cause for clinical milk fever.
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PMID:Effects of a sustained release formulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-glycosides for milk fever prevention on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, calcium and phosphorus in dairy cows. 2834 73


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