Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have developed and validated a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for quantifying bovine calcium-binding protein (CaBP). Cross-reactivity between the antiserum and microgram quantities of thyrocalcitonin, calmodulin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, serum albumin and concentrated extract of bovine pituitary gland was insignificant. Slight cross-reactivity (6%) of the antiserum with parathyroid hormone was demonstrated. Assay sensitivity was .25 ng/ml and intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 4 to 11% and 10 to 24%, respectively. The CaBP immunoreactivity was not affected by endogenous Ca concentrations. Plasma and serum concentrations of immunoreactive CaBP were similar. The CaBP concentrations were unaffected when coagulated and anticoagulated blood samples were stored at 4 or 22 C for up to 72 h and when serum was stored at -20, 4 or 22 C for 8 d. Serum CaBP concentrations in cattle were not affected by gonadal steroids, but may have been influenced by age. Treatment with 500 mg of vitamin D3, but not 50 mg of dihydrotachysterol, significantly increased serum Ca and CaBP concentrations in Holstein heifers after a lag period of 7 to 10 d. Serum Ca and CaBP concentrations began to increase in serum at approximately the same time and both exhibited parallel responses to treatment with vitamin D3. Serum Ca concentrations were positively correlated (r = .81) with CaBP concentrations and this relationship was described by the equation, Y = 6.85 + 1.01X - .03X2. Serum Ca and CaBP concentrations were still elevated in heifers 75 d after initial treatment with vitamin D3. The radioimmunoassay we describe provides an opportunity to investigate the role of CaBP in Ca homeostasis during growth, pregnancy, lactation, parturient paresis and other physiological and pathological states in cattle.
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PMID:Studies of calcium-binding protein in cattle. 631 69

There are (at least) two types of receptor for cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin peptides. Highly potent specific antagonists are available for both types. The CCKA-receptor mediates classical CCK-like effects on the gut. Antagonists given to man inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion and generally shorten gastrointestinal transit times. Potential clinical indications include anorexia, gastro-paresis, pseudo-paresis, pseudo-obstruction, severe constipation and chronic pancreatitis. However gallbladder contraction is markedly inhibited and this led to gallstone formation in baboons. This will obviously have to be avoided if CCKA antagonists are to be used in man. CCKB-receptors mediate the effects of gastrin on the gut and the effects of CCK in the brain. They inhibit gastrin-stimulated acid secretion. If used in acid-peptic disease they might inhibit the trophic effects of gastrin on enterochromaffin cells. CCKB-antagonists can also inhibit the growth of some gastrin-dependent tumours, including certain human colonic cancer cell lines which produce gastrin. CCKB-antagonists have a potent anxiolytic-like effect in animals, and this effect might become their main clinical application.
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PMID:CCK/gastrin antagonists--clinical perspectives. 826 65

Botulinum toxin is widely used for the treatment of focal movement disorders, where chemodenervation is used to decrease hyperactivity in selected muscles. Beside a focal paresis, widespread effects on neuromuscular synaptic function have been demonstrated. However, reactions of motoneurons after neuromuscular chemodenervation without gross morphological lesions are largely unknown. Peripheral axotomy, in contrast, leads to profound changes in the expression of several genes, including those encoding neurotransmitters, in motoneurons. We therefore examined the expression of neurotransmitter genes in rat motoneurons six days after intramuscular botulinum toxin application in the right gastrocnemius muscle. Similar doses of botulinum toxin as used in human where injected. A focal bilateral increase in expression of the choline acetyltransferase gene and a widespread bilateral increase of the beta-calcitonin-gene-related peptide and the enkephalin genes was measured in motoneurons after botulinum toxin injection. Cholecystokinin had a lower expression after botulinum toxin injections. Growth-associated protein 43, nitric oxide synthase, somatostatin and proopiomelanocortin messenger RNA were not found in motoneurons of both groups. Our results demonstrate that changes in the expression of neurotransmitter genes in motoneurons also occur after chemodenervation but with different patterns to those found after mechanical nerve lesioning. These changes reflect focal and widespread modulative events. The knowledge of these events should lead to a better understanding of the focal paralysis and of the more widespread effects found in human after intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin.
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PMID:Expression of neurotransmitter genes in rat spinal motoneurons after chemodenervation with botulinum toxin. 914 3