Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article discusses the treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin A as a new approach in the neurological rehabilitation of patients after stroke. Clinical studies have been reviewed to provide information about target groups, technical aspects and the advantages and disadvantages of treating spasticity with botulinum toxin A. Open and controlled studies showed that the intramuscular injection of Dysport 500 to 1,500U or Botox 100 to 300U could reversibly relieve upper limb flexor and lower limb extensor spasticity. A reduced muscle tone, pain relief, better hand hygiene and improved walking function were the main benefits. Patients tolerated the treatment well. Activity or, if not possible, electrical stimulation of the injected muscles may enhance the effectiveness of the costly toxin. Serial casting is another option. With respect to the action of botulinum toxin A, it is suggested that the effect of the toxin could be mediated by paresis of both the extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibres, thereby altering the afferent discharge in the muscle.
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PMID:Botulinum toxin A treatment of adult upper and lower limb spasticity. 1134 73

BotuLinum toxin A (Botox, Allegan) is a potent neurotoxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction of cholinergic nerves. Botulinum toxin was introduced to clinical medicine in 1980. Since then it has become a major therapeutic drug in many medical sub-specialties and its use for facial rejuvenation has become increasingly popular. Diplopia after botulinum toxin injection for facial rejuvenation is a rare and transient complication which is related to chemodenervation of adjacent muscle groups. We would like to report 3 cases of double vision related to extra-ocular muscle paresis after an injection of botulinum toxin for facial rejuvenation and blepharospasm. In all 3 cases recovery occurred, without any treatment, over 3 to 4 months (apparently from regeneration of inactivated proteins necessary for degranulation of acetylcholine vesicles). The clinicians engaged in botulinum toxin injections for facial rejuvenation or blepharospasm, should be aware of the possible complications, and inform the patients about the risk of developing double vision. The clinicians should take into account and ask about Botox when treating patients complaining of diplopia.
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PMID:[Diplopia following subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin for cosmetic or medical use]. 2351 1