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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obstruction of the upper and lower airways is common in horses. In the upper airway, paresis of abductor muscles of the nares and larynx allows inspiratory collapse of soft tissues, which is accentuated by factors increasing upper airway resistance and by high inspiratory flow rates. Intrapulmonary airway obstruction occurs due to accumulation of secretions, release of chemical mediators in response to a variety of stimuli, and parasympathetic stimulation of airways. Obstruction of large airways increases the work of breathing, whereas obstruction of small airways may cause no measurable increase in resistance but does cause uneven distribution of ventilation and hypoxemia, especially during exercise. Poor collateral ventilation accentuates gas exchange problems in the horse with airway obstruction and may be a factor causing intrapulmonary hemorrhage during racing.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of airway obstruction in horses: a review. 62 Nov 77

The term "caloric irregularity" was coined to refer to a gross irregularity in the amplitude and/or frequency of a caloric-induced nystagmus, having a variable slow-phase velocity and prolonged duration. Twelve of 46 guinea pigs with experimentally induced perilymphatic fistula had irregular responses to the ice-water caloric test 1 week after creation of a fistula. The long-term vestibular consequences in animals with caloric irregularities were either resolution and return to normal function (i.e. caloric return) or continuing deterioration to canal paresis. Morphological examination of ears with caloric irregularity revealed that there had been partial collapse of the membranous labyrinth and the creation of a floating labyrinth.
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PMID:Caloric irregularity in experimentally induced perilymphatic fistula. 164 73

With the use of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cisplatin, to enhance the effect of radiation a combined modality approach was designed to treat patients with inoperable, locally advanced NSCLC. The regimen consisted of radiation doses of 300 cGy for 4 days every week for 4 weeks with a 2 week split in between. Each radiation dose was followed by an i.v. injection of cisplatin 6 mg/m2 within 30 min. Hydration consisted on an oral fluid intake of 2 L only, enabling the patient to receive the treatment on an outpatient basis. Of 40 patients entered into the study, 37 were evaluable for toxicity and 33 for response. Overall response rate was 65% and complete response rate 22%. Median duration of local control was 7 months. The majority of all patients (76%) eventually progressed at the primary tumor site, while in 16 patients relapse occurred in distant sites first. Median duration of overall survival was 10.5 months, whereas that of complete responders was 29.5 months. Generally, acute side effects were transient and did not require discontinuation of treatment. One patient presented with thrombocytopenia 4 weeks after treatment had been finished. His death of cerebral bleeding was likely to be related with his therapy-resistant malignancy. Of late side effects three patients showed disabling symptoms consisting of uncontrollable pulmonary infections in the presence of tumor in two patients, one patient had radiation myelopathy and another experienced vertebral collapse with distal paresis. The combination of radiation and daily low-dose cisplatin is a tolerable treatment modality with most benefit for patients reaching a complete remission. Intensification of the regimen is being planned in those patients with inoperable, locally advanced squamous cell lung cancer to reach a complete remission.
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PMID:Phase II trial of combined radiotherapy and daily low-dose cisplatin for inoperable, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 282 36

Heart-lung transplantation for treatment of end-stage cardiopulmonary disease continues to be plagued by many problems. Three primary ones are the technical difficulties that can be encountered, particularly in those patients who have undergone previous cardiac operations, the additional restriction on donor availability imposed by the lack of satisfactory preservation techniques, and the need for lung size compatibility. Two of these difficulties and others surfaced postoperatively in a heart-lung transplant recipient who presented a series of unique operative and therapeutic challenges. A 42-year-old woman with chronic pulmonary hypertension and previous atrial septal defect repair underwent a heart-lung transplantation in August 1985. The operative procedure was expectedly complicated by bleeding from extensive mediastinal adhesions from the previous sternotomy and bronchial collateralization. Excessive chest tube drainage postoperatively necessitated reoperation to control bleeding from a right bronchial artery tributary. Phrenic nerve paresis, hepatomegaly, and marked abdominal distention caused persistent atelectasis and eventual right lower lobe collapse. Arteriovenous shunting and low oxygen saturation necessitated right lower lobectomy 15 days after transplantation, believed to be the first use of this procedure in a heart-lung graft recipient. Although oxygenation improved dramatically, continued ventilatory support led to tracheostomy. An intensive, psychologically oriented physical therapy program was initiated to access and retrain intercostal and accessory muscles. The tracheostomy cannula was removed after 43 days and gradual weaning from supplemental oxygen was accomplished. During this protracted recovery period, an episode of rejection was also encountered and successfully managed with steroid therapy. The patient continued to progress satisfactorily and was discharged 83 days after transplantation. She is well and active 20 months after discharge.
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PMID:Postoperative complications necessitating right lower lobectomy in a heart-lung transplant recipient with previous sternotomy. 311 65

The motor function of the pharyngo-oesophageal (PO) segment during swallowing in terms of tonicity, relaxation and peristalsis was evaluated in 25 patients with a posterior cricopharyngeus impression. Functional abnormalities were common. Defective tonicity was present in 11 patients. Relaxation was normal in all patients except at the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Abnormal peristalsis was present in 19 patients as weakness, paresis or abnormal timing. The impression of the cricopharyngeus was effaced during the late stage of swallowing due to collapse proximal and distal to the cricopharyngeus. It was not due to successive distension at the level of the cricopharyngeus. In 11 patients there was some retention of barium proximal to the cricopharyngeus after the passage of the barium bolus. This was due to weakness in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and/or an abnormal timing of the peristalsis whereby contraction of the cricopharyngeus occurred before peristalsis in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor had cleared the pharynx of barium. The observations indicate that bulging of the cricopharyngeal muscle is only one aspect of a profoundly altered motor function of the PO segment.
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PMID:The cricopharyngeus revisited. 375 82

A case of unilateral spastic paresis in a Poll Hereford heifer is described. The heifer could not actively flex the right stifle or hock and the toe just contacted the ground. There was cranial distortion and collapse of the distal tibial epiphysis and remodelling of the articular surfaces within the stifle and hock. There was moderately severe muscle atrophy, but a primary peripheral or central neuropathological lesion could not be found.
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PMID:Spastic paresis in a Poll Hereford heifer. 382 72

We describe a method of separately determining the volumes of the right and left lungs from conventional chest radiographs and of determining the volumes of individual lobes and pathological spaces, whenever their boundaries are visible radiologically or can be displayed scintigraphically--for example, during fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Scintigrams of individual lungs, lobes, and segments are obtained by deflecting a stream of air marked with 81m krypton down the suction channel of the bronchoscope into the appropriate bronchus during inspiration, followed by a breath-hold during which the image is recorded with a gamma camera. Both radiographic and scintigraphic methods have been validated by comparison with argon dilution estimates of individual lung and lobar volumes also obtained at bronchoscopy, and results for the three methods in normal subjects are presented. Used in conjunction with bronchoscopic soluble gas uptake studies, these volume measurements permit precise estimation of effective perfusion, tissue and water volume, and gas transfer at lobar and segmental level. Individual lung and lobar volumes can be used to quantify lung and lobar collapse and compression, mediastinal shift, regional ventilation and gas trapping, and phrenic paresis.
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PMID:Radiographic, scintigraphic, and gas-dilution estimates of individual lung and lobar volumes in man. 625 61

From 1988 to 1991, 75 consecutive patients with an acetabular fracture were treated. Follow up was for a minimum of 2 years (average, 3 years; range, 2-5 years). Sixty five patients had a solitary acetabular fracture, and in 10 the acetabular fracture was associated with a pelvic fracture (52 men and 23 women; average age, 46 years; range, 17 to 99 years). Twenty four patients were treated nonoperatively (average age, 46 years; range, 12 to 99 years), and 51 underwent surgery (average age, 45 years; range, 17 to 92 years). The indications for surgery were: displacement of the fracture of > 2 mm; an intraarticular fragment interfering with joint movement; posterior instability of the joint with a luxating femoral head; insufficient roof arc; or to prepare the joint for total hip replacement. The patients were classified according to Letournel. Nonoperative treatment consisted of traction or nonweightbearing mobilization during an average period of 2 weeks. The surgical approaches used were: the Kocher-Langenbeck (22); the ilioinguinal (18); and the extended iliofemoral (4). More than 1 approach was used in 3 cases; external fixation was used in 4. All patients received prophylactic treatment of indomethacin. Six developed heterotopic ossification. Preoperatively, 6 patients had a paresis or paralysis from which 5 recovered. Pre- and postoperative nerve lesions occurred in 3 patients from which 2 recovered. One patient died perioperatively of pulmonary embolus. In 2 patients a collapse of the posterior wall resulted in a total hip replacement. The results were good to excellent according to the d'Aubigne scale in 76% of all patients.
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PMID:Results of 75 consecutive patients with an acetabular fracture. 805 Feb 47

Morphological vestibular changes caused by barotrauma were studied in guinea pigs. Animals were exposed to rapid decompression from 2 absolute atmospheric pressures (ATA) to 1 ATA, which causes inner ear barotrauma in the guinea pig. During decompression, spontaneous nystagmus was recorded, which consisted of irritative symptoms initially, followed by paralytic nystagmus. After pressure loading and observation to confirm the absence of Preyer's reflex with vertigo, the animals were tested for caloric nystagmus using ice water and then sacrificed at varying intervals. Then, morphological changes in vestibular organs and the organ of Corti were studied. Half of the experimental animals showed canal paresis on caloric testing. Damage to the organ of Corti was severe while that to vestibular organs was very slight. Damage to the sensory cells of the vestibular organs was not clear on light microscopy, despite a partial collapse of labyrinthine membranes. Under scanning electron microscopy, local damage was observed in a portion of the crista ampullaris of the semicircular canals. In this area, incomplete or complete disappearance of kinocilia and stereocilia, similar to that seen after rotatostimulation, was observed. However, no damage to sensory hairs was seen in the utricles and saccules. The observed vestibular organ damage, resulting from inner ear barotrauma, suggested effects on endolymphatic flow.
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PMID:[Vestibular changes due to barotrauma]. 829 63

Twenty-seven cases of neosporosis in European dogs are described. The disease was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, or a favourable response to treatment in the dogs with appropriate clinical signs, and by the presence of antibodies to Neospora caninum but not to Toxoplasma gondii. The affected dogs were two days to seven years old, and of 13 different breeds. Both sexes were affected and in most cases littermates remained normal. Twenty-one cases had an initial hindlimb paresis or ataxia, in which muscle atrophy was the most consistent clinical sign. Rigid hyperextension developed in approximately half of the cases. Anorexia and pyrexia were rare. Other clinical signs included forelimb ataxia, head tremors with tetraparesis and sudden collapse due to myocarditis. Titres of > or = 1:800 in the N caninum indirect fluorescent antibody test were detected in the 20 cases from which serum samples were taken. Such high titres are rare in healthy dogs and strongly suggest a diagnosis of neosporosis. Sixteen of the dogs received appropriate antiprotozoal treatment with clindamycin, potentiated sulphonamides and/or pyrimethamine; 10 made a full or functional recovery. Recovery was less likely in peracute cases with severe clinical signs, and when the treatment was delayed.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of 27 cases of neosporosis in dogs. 893 Dec 99


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