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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A severely hypocalcaemic, hypomagnesaemic lactating bitch exhibited clinical signs of pulmonary oedema, paresis, dementia, gastrointestinal ileus and urinary bladder atony. The total calcium, ionised calcium and magnesium levels were extremely low. The clinical picture was very different from the one typically encountered in canine lactation tetany, and instead resembled bovine postparturient paresis. Muscle tremors, rigidity and seizures were not part of the acute clinical picture, but rather atony, weakness and paresis. General muscle dysfunction probably resulted from the extremely low ionised calcium levels in combination with very low levels of magnesium and possibly potassium. Heart failure and atony of the urinary bladder and intestines were probably a result of the severe hypocalcaemia. The alteration in calcium to magnesium ratio may have depressed neuromuscular transmission, leading to paresis and atony. The unusual electrocardiogram possibly also resulted from abnormal magnesium and calcium cation levels.
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PMID:Paresis and unusual electrocardiographic signs in a severely hypomagnesaemic, hypocalcaemic lactating bitch. 967 8

Insular epilepsy has been rarely reported and its clinical and electrographic features are poorly understood. The electrographic study of the insula is difficult since it is hidden from the brain surface by the frontal and temporal lobe. A 48 years-old woman started having simple partial autonomic and complex partial seizures with automatisms and ictal left arm paresis 8 years prior to admission. Seizure's frequency was 1 per week. Pre-operative EEG showed a right temporal lobe focus. Neuropsychological testing disclosed right fronto-temporal dysfunction. MRI showed a right anterior insular cavernous angioma. Intraoperative ECoG obtained after splitting of the sylvian fissure showed independent spiking from the insula and temporal lobe and insular spikes that spread to the temporal lobe. The cavernous angioma and the surrounding gliotic tissue were removed and the temporal lobe was left in place. Post-resection ECoG still disclosed independent temporal and insular spiking with a lower frequency. The patient has been seizure-free since surgery. Insular epilepsy may share many clinical and electroencephalographic features with temporal lobe epilepsy.
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PMID:Insular epilepsy. Similarities to temporal lobe epilepsy. Case report. 968 34

From Jan. 1993 to Sept. 1995 23 patients suffering from brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma were treated with the Leksell Gamma Knife at the University of Vienna. At the time of diagnosis 13 patients had single and 10 patients presented with multiple metastatic lesions with a total of 44 metastases in MRI scans. Median tumour volume was 5500 cmm (range 100-24000 cmm). Predominant neurological symptoms and signs were different forms of hemiparesis, focal and generalized seizures, cognitive deficit, headache, dizziness, ataxia and CN XII paresis. Fourteen patients received Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) with a median dose of 22 Gy (range 8-30 Gy) at the tumour margin. Nine patients underwent a combined treatment of a radiosurgical boost with a median dose of 18 Gy (range 10-22 Gy) at the tumour margin followed by Whole Brain Radiotherapy (total dose 30 Gy/2 weeks). In 20 patients tumour volume reduction up to 30% of the primary tumour volume was found after 4 weeks, evaluated on CT or MRI. A total remission was seen in 4 cases 3 months after GKRS. We achieved a local tumour control of 96%. Rapid neurological improvement after GKRS was seen in 17 patients. The median survival time was 11 months; the one-year actual survival in this unselected group was 48%. Five long term survivors were still alive, 18 patients had subsequently died, 15 of them of general tumour progression. GKRS induces a significant tumour remission accompanied by rapid neurological improvement and therefore provides the opportunity for extended high quality survival. Neither local tumour control was improved nor CNS relapse free survival was prolonged significantly by additional WBRT.
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PMID:Gamma-knife radiosurgery for brain metastases of renal cell carcinoma: results in 23 patients. 975 21

This paper reports a surgically treated case of Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) in which the epileptic foci and haemangiomatosis were successfully resected under monitoring of intraoperative electrocorticography. The patient was a 19-month-old female infant who was referred to our hospital because of frequent hemi-tonic-clonic convulsions that were resistant to anticonvulsant therapy. Serial MRI showed progressive atrophy in the left fronto-parieto-temporal lobe, and gyral enhancement by gadolinium corresponded to venous haemangiomatosis of SWS. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the MR images was performed using the Viewing Wand System. Conventional EEG taken before the operation showed slow activity in the left frontal lobe. Intraoperative ECoG revealed spike focus at the posterior temporal cortex to the margin of the haemangiomatosis. Lesionectomy with lobar corticectomy of the total frontal and parietal lobe and part of the temporal lobe was performed. The epileptogenic focus detected by ECoG in the posterior temporal lobe was also resected. In post-excisional ECoG, epileptogenic activities had disappeared. The patient had hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia just after the surgery, but gradually recovered from the paresis and almost has normal motor function except for right-hand clumsiness up to 1 year after Surgery. The present study demonstrated that lobar corticectomy of the haemangiomatosis-affected cortex with resection of the neighbouring epileptogenic focus is a good surgical alternative even if a haemangiomatosis of the SWS affected multilobar corti of the hemisphere.
Seizure 1998 Dec
PMID:Intraoperative electrocorticography and successful focus resection in a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome. 988 97

In a hospital population-based retrospective study of neonatal meningitis, 55 cases were identified over a period of 10 years. The prevalences of meningitis for preterm and term newborns were 3.66 and 0.97 per 1000, respectively (22/6465 vs 33/36638; p < 0.01). The overall prevalence was 1.37 per 1000 live births. Twenty-two (40%) babies with meningitis died, more preterm than term (13/22 vs 9/33; p < 0.05). Known maternal risk factors for neonatal meningitis were observed in 15 (27%) babies. The risk factors were more common in preterm than in term newborns (10/22 vs 5/33; p < 0.05). The common causative organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. which together accounted for 67% of all CSF isolates. These organisms were evenly distributed between early- and late-onset meningitis, and among term and preterm newborns. Seven of 33 (21%) of the surviving newborns developed neurological complications. The short-term sequelae were hydrocephalus, spastic paresis and seizures.
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PMID:Neonatal meningitis in Addis Ababa: a 10-year review. 992 82

Conversion syndromes are frequent among medically unexplained somatic symptoms in neurology. A careful differential diagnosis must be carried out in a psychiatric consultation service. In a prospective study lasting for over four years 169 patients with pseudoneurological signs of conversion were included. From a clinical point of view the following conversion syndromes were presented: astasia/abasia: 27.2%, paresis/plegia: 24.3%, aphonia: 1.8%, hyp-/anaesthesia: 21.9%, blindness: 5.3%, non-epileptic seizures: 19.5%. According to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-III-R three subgroups were differentiated: conversion disorder (n = 132), somatisation disorder (n = 28), factitious disorder (n = 9). Intermittent courses of illness were prevailing in conversion disorder, whereas chronic courses predominated in the other two subgroups. High rates of psychiatric comorbidity were typical signs of somatisation disorder. Frequent autodestructive motives (suicidality, deliberate and covert self-harm, chronic pain, high rate of operations) in illness behaviour had to be registered in somatisation and factitious disorder. Both subgroups were characterised by frequent traumatic events during early development. Important socio-economic aspects of illness behaviour above all in somatisation and factitious disorder were underlined. The results are discussed in terms of psychiatric differential diagnosis and psychiatric comorbidity, psychodynamic evaluation, illness behaviour and therapeutic options in a C/L-service.
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PMID:[Conversion syndromes in neurology. A psychopathological and psychodynamic differentiation of conversion disorder, somatization disorder and factitious disorder]. 1006 84

Major neurologic complications secondary to cyclosporine are well documented and are known to include confusion, cortical blindness, seizure, spasticity, paresis, ataxia and coma. Most previous reports attribute these to white matter central nervous system (CNS) lesions or white/grey matter border lesions. Many predisposing factors have been identified, including: elevated levels of cyclosporine, hypomagnesemia, hypocholesterolemia, aluminium toxicity, high dose steroids, hypertension and infection. However CNS events attributed to cyclosporine have been reported without any of these risk factors. We report a case of a child developing multiple white and grey matter thalamic and cortical lesions along with acute neurologic deterioration, and then review cyclosporine mediated CNS injury, including the roles of P-glycoprotein and cyclophilin.
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PMID:Cyclosporine-induced white and grey matter central nervous system lesions in a pediatric renal transplant patient. 1008 60

From 1991 to 1997 at the I Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Silesian Medical Academy in Bytom 123 patients with purulent, bacterial meningoencephalitis were treated. Mortality in the analysed group was 28.5% (35 cases). In the course of disease various complications were observed: seizures (43.1% cases), ischaemic stroke (2.4% cases), brain abscess (4.1%). Permanent consequences subsequent to the disease were found in 16.3% cases: deafness and partial deafness, psychic disorders, paresis and paralysis, epilepsy and cranial nerves paralysis. Bacterial infections of the central nervous system are still danger diseases producing high lethality, complications and subsequent neurological sequelae.
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PMID:[Complications and sequelae of the purulent, bacterial meningoencephalitis in the material from the 1st Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Silesian Medical Academy in Bytom in the years 1991-1997]. 1032 Oct 93

Two subjects with ictal hemiparesis are described. Both children presented with evolving paresis associated with seizure activity. Structural neuroimaging remained consistently normal, although EEG demonstrated slow-wave activity, and SPECT scanning in one child showed perfusion asymmetry. Both children had resolution of the hemiparesis when seizure activity was adequately controlled. The historically proposed pathophysiology of ictal hemiparesis is that of inhibition of the somatosensory and motor areas of the cortex. The presence of an evolving hemiparesis and seizure activity associated with normal neuroimaging should prompt consideration of ictal hemiparesis. Confirmation of this rare diagnosis can only be made when seizure control leads to resolution of the paresis.
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PMID:Ictal hemiparesis. 1037 62

In three patients with focal epilepsies, focal akinetic seizures that were characterized by ictal paresis of the contralateral arm during preserved consciousness were recorded with EEG and video. MRI and ictal/interictal EEG revealed a frontal or central focus in all patients. Focal akinetic seizures are probably due to epileptic activation of negative motor areas.
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PMID:Focal akinetic seizures as documented by electroencephalography and video recordings. 1043 Apr 45


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