Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The early and late outcome was evaluated in head injury patients who presented brain contusion(s) on the cranial CT scan and in patients hospitalized for concussion. There was a high degree of concurrence between mortality and CT findings. Late complaints were common among cases of concussion of the brain. However, the frequency of impaired memory and concentration, speech problems, paresis and epileptic seizures was increased in cases where the CT scan showed brain contusion. Adaptive and social functioning was most impaired in cases with multifocal contusions in both hemispheres.
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PMID:[The significance of radiologically diagnosed brain concussion for the outcome after head injury]. 849 53

Tremors were observed in 15 Long Evans rats beginning at 10 to 12 days of age. These were followed by progressively worsening ataxia, hind limb paresis, episodes of immobility, and seizures by 5 to 14 weeks. Gross lesions were not observed at necropsy in rats euthanized and perfused at 4 to 16 weeks of age. Neurohistologic examination revealed dysmyelination in the central nervous system. Astrogliosis in the white matter with marked increase of expression of the glial fibrillary acid protein marker was accompanied by diffuse microgliosis. Scattered glial cells, interpreted to be oligodendrocytes, contained minute periodic acid-Schiff-positive cytoplasmic granules. Large mineralized periodic acid-Schiff-positive and laminated structures were observed in the cerebellar white matter, midbrain, and thalamus of rats over 6 weeks old. Neuronal degeneration and loss was evident in the cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain. Large axonal spheroids were found in the ventral and lateral funiculi of the spinal cord. An ultrastructural study of four affected rats revealed an almost complete absence of myelinated axons and normal sheaths, and degeneration and necrosis of oligodendrocytes. The Long Evans shaker rat represents a novel myelin mutant with a remarkable survival period and appears to have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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PMID:Familial dysmyelination in a Long Evans rat mutant. 856 54

Unilateral atrophy of a cerebellar hemisphere occurring as a sequela of ischemic or destructive injury of the contralateral cerebral hemisphere is uncommon in children. We reviewed our experience with this phenomenon and found an unexpected association with extreme prematurity and a complicated perinatal course with a poor subsequent neurologic outcome. We retrospectively identified eight children, aged 8 months to 13 years, in whom cerebellar atrophy associated with cerebral injury was diagnosed on MR or CT, and reviewed their past medical history, neurologic findings, and neuroimaging studies. Seven patients were born extremely premature, EGA 25-28 weeks, and had severe perinatal intracranial hemorrhage. Neurologic problems include severe developmental delay in seven, spastic paresis in six, and seizures in five. Neuroimaging showed severe unilateral holohemispheric atrophy in four, bilateral asymmetric holohemispheric atrophy in two, and left temporoparietal atrophy in one. Cerebellar atrophy was unilateral in five and bilateral but asymmetric in two. Gliosis of the atrophic cerebellum occurred in one patient. Sequential neuroimaging in one patient showed evolution of crossed cerebellar atrophy at 8 months of age. The final patient, a term infant, had an idiopathic perinatal left cerebral infarct. In our experience, crossed cerebellar atrophy was an uncommon manifestation of extreme prematurity complicated by severe intracranial hemorrhage and/or ischemic necrosis of white matter. The cerebellar atrophy is most often a secondary degenerative phenomenon rather than a result of direct cerebellar injury.
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PMID:Crossed cerebellar atrophy in children: a neurologic sequela of extreme prematurity. 857 28

A case of a 24-year-old woman with peripheral paresis of the facial nerve, balance disturbance, hearing loss and epileptic seizures for many years is presented. At time of admission to hospital cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed several large tumors situated supra- and infratentorially. Histological examination of the operated tumors revealed bilateral acoustic schwannomas in the cerebellopontine angles and mixed meningioma in the others. The patient was diagnosed as neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) according to clinical criteria for neurofibromatoses. Several months after the last operation, she exhibited weakness of all extremities. On spinal MRI an intramedullary tumor in the cervical region and additional focal lesions along central canal were found. Surgical therapy was not performed because of clinical improvement after dexamethasone treatment and location of lesion in cervical medulla. Our case confirms frequently occurring lack of neurocutaneous changes and late appearance of significant neurological symptoms in NF2.
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis type 2. Case report. 870 81

The authors present 27 cases of cerebral hydatid cyst (CHCy) treated between 1980 and 1992. These cases of CHCy represent 2.8% of all cases of expansive nontraumatic lesions in children. Most of the patients were between 6 and 10 years of age. There was a substantial prevalence of male patients-18 cases (66.6%). Most of the children with CHCy were from rural areas. The cysts were all located in the cerebral hemispheres (none in the posterior fossa). Usually two or three lobes were affected and the cysts were most often retrorolandic. Only 8 patients (29.6%) also had pulmonary or hepatic infestation. All patients were operated on immediately the diagnosis was established. Operative mortality was very low (1 patient died immediately after surgery). There have been 11 cases of recurrence; all these patients have been reoperated on. Neurological sequelae were mainly partial and general seizures. Epilepsy developed postoperatively in five patients. Paresis, which usually disappears in time, was the most common motor disturbance. Two other important postoperative complications were subdural effusion and ventricular dilatation (six cases). There have been five cases of multiple recurrences (four of these patients have since died). Treatment with albendazole was used in three cases without significant results.
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PMID:Cerebral hydatid cyst in children. Experience of 27 cases. 875 Sep 49

At least three types of ictal atomic phenomena can be seen in partial seizures. Focal atomic seizures are partial seizures with ictal paresis or paralysis of one or more body parts preceding or independent of any convulsive activity. A diagnosis may be difficult without simultaneous EEG recording supplemented by video monitoring or polygraphy. Epileptic negative myoclonus manifests as brief lapses in tone in one or more muscle groups that interferes with motor coordination and postural control. Drop attacks can also occur in partial seizures, as have been well documented in patients with temporal or frontal lobe epilepsy. Different mechanisms may underlie these three phenomena. Focal atonic seizures probably result from relatively circumscribed seizure activity in one or more cortical areas that contribute to the elaboration and execution of motor functions. Whether this represents inactivation or interference in motor integration, or activation of inhibitory system, remains unresolved. The pathophysiology of epileptic negative myoclonus, like that of its positive counterpart, is probably to be found at a more local level, possibly from transiently enhanced local inhibition in the motor cortex. Drop attacks in partial seizures may be close in mechanism to that also seen in generalized seizures, possibly related to ictal activation of descending inhibitory pathways in the brainstem.
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PMID:Atonic phenomena and partial seizures. A reappraisal. 884 76

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a central role in inflammatory events including those taking place in the central nervous system (CNS), and has been implicated as a key pathogenic mediator in several human inflammatory, infectious and autoimmune CNS disorders. Using transgenic and gene knockout mice we have investigated the role of deregulated TNF-alpha production in the CNS. We show that the overexpression of wild-type murine or human TNF-alpha transgenes by resident CNS astrocytes or neurons in sufficient to trigger a neurological disorder characterised by ataxia, seizures and paresis, with histopathological features of chronic CNS inflammation and white matter degeneration. Furthermore, we show that transmembrane human TNF-alpha is sufficient to trigger CNS inflammation and degeneration when overexpressed by astrocytes but not by neurons, indicating that target cells mediating the neuroinflammatory activities of TNF-alpha localise in the vicinity of astrocytes rather than neurons. Our results establish that both soluble and transmembrane molecular forms of TNF-alpha can play critical roles in vivo in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammation and demyelination, and validate TNF-alpha transgenic and mutant mice as important models for the further study of related human CNS diseases.
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PMID:TNF-alpha transgenic and knockout models of CNS inflammation and degeneration. 904 5

Functional hemispherectomy techniques have been designed to minimize the long-term complications of anatomical resection without reducing the effectiveness of seizure control. The authors have used an ultrasound-guided approach tailored to combine temporal lobectomy with frontal and occipital disconnections with a central topectomy of the lateral, insular, and interhemispheric cortex. This technique achieves a comprehensive functional disconnection and minimizes entrance and manipulation within the body of the lateral ventricle. Eight patients ranging in age from 10 months to 23 years with congenital paresis and medically intractable seizures underwent functional hemispherectomy via this technique. The average surgical time was 4.5 hours, and blood loss ranged from 90 to 400 ml. All but one patient was discharged after 5 days. Postoperative fever syndromes, aseptic meningitis, and infection were avoided. On long-term follow-up evaluation (range 18-60 months, mean 38 months), seven of eight patients remain seizure free and were not on a course of anticonvulsant agents. Advantages of this technique include avoiding entrance into the ventricle, a more predictable postoperative period, and reduced postoperative complications.
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PMID:Ultrasound-tailored functional hemispherectomy for surgical control of seizures in children. 934 96

We report a 45-year-old man with monocytosis and right hemiparesis. The patient suffered from an acute myocardial infarction from which he recovered completely when he was 42 years old. One year prior to his death, he was found to have increase in monocyte count (35.5% of leukocytes) in peripheral blood and splenomegaly; he was admitted to the hematology service of our hospital. He was diagnosed as having chronic myelomonocytic leukemia after bone marrow examination. He was treated with radiation therapy with improvement in splenomegaly. In May of 1995, he had fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia for which he needed daily blood transfusion. In November of 1995, he had an onset of weakness in his right hand, and neurologic consultation was asked for in November 27, 1995. Neurologic examination revealed a chronically ill japanese man in no acute distress. He was alert and not demented. Higher cerebral functions were intact. Cranial nerve examination revealed right facial paresis of the central type. Motor-wise, he was right hemiparetic. Generalized muscle wasting was noted apparently due to the chronic debilitating disease. Deep tendon reflexes were within normal range in the right upper extremity, but were diminished in other areas. Sensation was intact, and no meningeal signs were noted. Pertinent laboratory findings were as follows: Hb 8 g/dl, RBC 238 x 10(4)/microliter, WBC 2,900/microliter (band 1.0%, seg 18.5%, lym 28.0%, mono 44.0%, Baso 2.5%), Plt 13 x 10(4)/microliter, PT 16.6"/10.9", APTT 44.7"/35.0". CSF contained 87 mg/dl of protein, 155 mg/dl of glucose and 2 mononuclear cells/microliter. Bone marrow was slightly hypercellular with mild increase in blast forms. No chromosome abnormality was found. CT and MRI revealed a large mass in the left fronto-parietal region and the meninges showed marked thickening with enhancement after gadolinium-DTPA in MRI. The patient was treated with glycerol and steroid, but the subsequent course was complicated by a seizure, agitation, and pneumonia. He died from respiratory failure on January 13, 1996. The patient was discussed in a neurologic CPC and the chief discussant arrived at the conclusion that the patient had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with infiltration of leukemic cells into meninges and the parenchyme of the cerebrum. Thickening of the dura was thought to be in part a reaction to the subdural hematoma as well as to leukemic cells along the meninges. Postmortem examination revealed hypercellular bone marrow with increase in monocytic cells (more than 20%). The lungs showed pneumonia with scattered old tuberculous lesions. The heart showed an old myocardial infarction in the posterior wall of the left ventricle. The brain showed an old chronic subdural hematoma in the left fronto-temporal region and a cystic mass lesion in the left frontoparietal region. The mass was hypercellular and most of them were monocytes. The dura mater showed reactive thickening without leukemic cell infiltration. It was concluded that this patient had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with a formation of leukemic mass in the brain. Pathologists thought that the mass was a hematogenous spread. It is rare for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia to form a mass lesion in the brain.
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PMID:[A 45-year-old man with peripheral monocytosis and right hemiparesis]. 962 75

We present the case of a 13-month old Turkish boy of Kurdish origin with tuberculous meningitis. Fever of unknown origin and neurologic symptoms (loss of ability of walking and free sitting, cerebral seizures, central paresis of the VII. cranial nerve, coma) led to the diagnosis. Cranial CT demonstrated hydrocephalus and enhancement of the basal meninges after contrast injection; the chest x-ray showed an infiltrate in the right upper lobe of the lung and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) mild pleocytosis with elevated protein and reduced glucose concentrations. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the CSF by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immediately, surgical and level-controlled tuberculostatic treatment was initiated. The patient recovered completely.
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PMID:[Tuberculous meningitis in a 13-month-old boy: a case report]. 962 48


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