Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Retraction of the lower eyelid is a useful sign of disease. It is an early manifestation of weakness of the facial muscles, occurring with myopathies, myasthenia, and upper and lower motor neuron facial paresis. Rarely, lower and upper lid retraction occur without proptosis in patients with Graves disease. Lower lid retraction occurs in proptosis and varies directly with the degree of proptosis. It is also seen with senile entropion or ectropion, after eye muscle or orbital surgery, and with contraction of lid tissues. Apparent retraction results when the contralateral lower lid is pathologically elevated, as in Horner syndrome, in enophthalmos, or with vertical deviations of the eye.
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PMID:Retraction of the lower eyelid. 58

A rare case of extraskeletal ossification in the parapharyngeal region related to C2 cervical vertebra was observed in a child, without any history of trauma, inflammation or endocrinological disease. One-step surgical intervention was carried out from the side of the neck and pharynx making possible complete removal of the lesion. The girl was admitted to the hospital with dysphagia and breathing difficulties increasing in the last 6 months. During that time the child was observed in laryngological hospital departments. After the operation Horner syndrome and hypoglossal paresis developed, but presently the child is without symptoms.
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PMID:[A case of heterotopic ossification in the parapharyngeal region connected with the C2 vertebra in a 9-year-old girl]. 140 22

Since 1978, the authors have observed 7 cases of dissecting aneurysm in the internal carotid artery. Symptoms were severe headache and subsequent neurologic deficit in young persons (3 women, 4 men; mean age 35 years). The underlying pathology was spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery, with surgical confirmation in 3 cases and typical angiographic patterns in all cases. Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery is being increasingly recognized as a cause of cerebral ischemia in young adults. Moreover this clinicopathologic event is more common than had previously been supposed. The etiology remains unclear, except in 15% of cases in which dystrophy of the media (Marfan's syndrome) is in cause. No history of cervical trauma can be found. Typical clinical features consist in ipsilateral headache preceding an abrupt neurologic deficit in a 40-year-old person. An incomplete Horner syndrome (oculosympathetic paresis without facial anhidrosis) associated with facial pain and numbness is pathognomonic, but the majority of dissections are less typical. The typical angiographic pattern is an elongated regular stenosis of the high cervical internal carotid artery, 2 cm above the non-involved bulbus ("string sign"). The dissection may modify to a tapered occlusion above the point of origin of the internal carotid artery. The natural course is spontaneous resolution of the stricture, without relapse. Optimal management is non-operative since medical treatment has proved to be efficient. These cases confirm the benign course and overall good prognosis of spontaneous dissections of the internal carotid artery which are not as rare as the scarcity of reports might indicate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid artery. Apropos of 7 cases and a review of the literature]. 217 45

On the basis of our own patients, the anamnestic data and the neurological constellation in late radiogenic paresis (the most frequent peripheral nervous condition in treatment of mammary carcinoma) are described. A comparison with the situation in metastatic infiltration of the brachial plexus shows the great difficulties in differential diagnosis. Pain can be observed more frequently in metastatic plexus infiltration. The presence of a Horner syndrome can be regarded as decisive evidence for recurrent growth of a carcinoma. If a Horner syndrome is absent, tumor growth can be demonstrated conclusively only by biopsy or surgical exploration. The most frequent condition which is not connected with mammary carcinoma and its followup treatment, but which can stimulate a late radiogenic paresis of the brachial plexus is the carpal tunnel syndrome. Whereas a certain differentiation is not always possible on the basis of the anamnesis and clinical findings, a clear discrimination is possible by means of electrophysiological investigation techniques.
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PMID:[Lesions of the peripheral nervous system in the treatment of breast cancer]. 618 90

In young and middle age subjects, spontaneous carotid dissection is an increasingly recognized cause of ischemic stroke. Their usual presentation is facial pain with a Horner syndrome and a contra lateral paresis. Blindness has been reported as a presenting symptom in only a few cases. We report a 50 years old man who presented with amblyopia in the left eye, without periocular pain. Fundoscopy showed papilledema and a peripapillar hemorrhage, compatible with an ischemic optic neuropathy. A magnetic resonance angiography confirmed a left carotid dissection.
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PMID:[Blindness caused by an ischemic optic neuropathy by spontaneous carotid dissection. Report of a case]. 1463 92

A 51-year-old man developed sudden vertigo, right hearing loss and dysphagia. Examination revealed right Horner syndrome, spontaneous torsional-horizontal nystagmus, right central type facial palsy, dysarthria, reduced soft palate elevation without gag reflex, left hypesthesia, right dysmetria and imbalance. Audiometry and bithermal caloric tests documented right sensorineural hearing loss and canal paresis. Brain MRI and cerebral angiography documented right lateral medullary infarction from vertebral artery dissection, without involvement of other parts of the brainstem supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). This case suggests artery-to-artery embolism as a possible mechanism of isolated vertigo or hearing loss from labyrinthine infarction.
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PMID:Embolic internal auditory artery infarction from vertebral artery dissection. 1658 Jun 95

Medial medullary infarct (MMI) is a rare type of brain stem infarction. Its clinical picture was characterized by contralateral hemiparesis, deep sensory disturbance, and ipsilateral hypoglossal paresis, but conjugate deviation or nystagmus is uncommon as initial symptom. Case 1: A 73-year-old man developed vomiting and vertigo. Examination revealed right conjugate deviation and horizontal nystagmus beating toward the left side, and numbness on his right upper limb,but no hypoglossal nerve palsy. Cranial MRI demonstrated an infarction in the left paramedian region of the upper medulla and thrombus of the left vertebral artery. Case 2: A 74-year-old man suffered from dizziness and nausea. He showed left conjugate deviation and right-beating horizontal nystagmus without Horner syndrome or hypoglossal nerve palsy. MRI disclosed an infarction in the right upper medial medulla. MRA revealed the right dissecting vertebral artery. Case 3: A 71-year-old man developed vertigo when watching at TV. He showed transient left conjugate deviation and transient motor paresis on the left upper limb. MRI showed the thickened wall of the right vertebral artery but no abnormal ischemic lesion. Digital subtraction angiograms revealed the dissecting right vertebral artery. All ischemic events limited to the upper third of the medulla were caused by the vertebral artery lesions, and prognosis was good. The unilateral MMI lesion in the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and/or the medullary reticular formation caused contralesional shift of the eyes and ipsilesional nystagmus. The upper MMI will be characterized by a triad of contralateral hemiparesis, deep sensory disturbance and abnormal ocular motor findings.
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PMID:[Conjugate deviation in ischemia of medial medullary oblongata--report of three cases]. 1737 Jun 54

In an experimental model, iatrogenic Horner syndrome developed after a right carotid sheath surgery in an infant pig (Sus scrofa). Horner syndrome is a classic clinical triad consisting of ipsilateral eyelid ptosis, pupil miosis, and facial anhydrosis. This syndrome results from cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) paresis and usually is acquired in humans. To determine whether the development of Horner syndrome in this situation could be attributed to pig anatomy, we compared the anatomy of the CSC in pigs and humans, by using 10 infant (age, 1 to 3 wk) pig cadavers. The CSC and cranial cervical sympathetic ganglion (CCG) were dissected bilaterally under a surgical microscope. These structures were consistently within the carotid sheaths of the pigs. In contrast, the CSC and CCG are outside the carotid sheath in humans. Awareness of the anatomic variation of the CSC and CCG within the carotid sheath in the pig and the possibility of the same variation in humans may help surgeons to identify and preserve important structures while performing cervical surgery in pigs and humans. Furthermore, this knowledge can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of schwannoma.
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PMID:Horner syndrome after carotid sheath surgery in a pig: anatomic study of cervical sympathetic chain. 2233 Mar 54

The gathering of visual information is a complex process that relies on concerted movements of the eyes, and cranial nerves II-VIII are at least partially involved in the visual system. The cranial nerves do not function in isolation, however, and there are multiple higher-order cortical centers that have input into the cranial nerves to coordinate eye movement. Among the functions of the cortical reflex pathways are (a) controlling vertical and horizontal gaze in response to vestibular input to keep the eyes focused on an object as the head moves through space, and (b) controlling rapid, coordinated eye movement to a new visual target (saccades). There are also reflex pathways connecting the cranial nerves involved in vision that produce consensual blinking of the eyes in response to corneal stimulation of one eye and consensual pupillary constriction in response to light input on one pupil. A variety of intracranial pathologic conditions, including benign and malignant neoplasms, infection, trauma, autoimmune diseases, vascular anomalies, degenerative diseases, and inherited-congenital disorders, can disrupt the cranial nerves and visual reflex pathways. This disruption can manifest in myriad ways-for example, as extraocular muscle paresis, afferent pupillary defect, oculosympathetic paresis (Horner syndrome), internuclear ophthalmoplegia, dorsal midbrain (Parinaud) syndrome, or loss of the corneal reflex. Knowledge of the function and anatomy of the cranial nerves and visual reflex pathways, coupled with selection of the proper magnetic resonance pulse sequence, will allow the radiologist to order appropriate imaging of the involved cranial nerve or visual reflex pathway based on the patient's symptoms and thereby play an essential role in establishing the diagnosis and planning appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Intracranial causes of ophthalmoplegia: the visual reflex pathways. 2402 40

Harlequin syndrome (HS) is a rare disorder of the sympathetic nervous system which presents with unilateral decreased sweating and flushing of the face, neck, and chest in response to heat, exercise, or emotional factors. The contralateral side displays a compensatory overreaction to provide normal heat regulation of the face as a whole. In the literature, most of the cases are primary in nature and no underlying cause could be identified. Harlequin sign is used to denote these symptoms in patients who also exhibit associated oculosympathetic paresis, such as Horner syndrome, Adie syndrome, and Ross syndrome.We report a rare case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with complaints of flushing and sweating of the left side of the face after exertion, while the right side remained dry and maintained its normal color. No structural abnormality was identified on detailed work up. Thus, diagnosis of classic idiopathic HS was made. Despite the rarity of this syndrome, dermatologists should be acquainted with this distinctive entity and should refer the patient for complete ophthalmological and neurological examination.
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PMID:Harlequin syndrome: a mask of rare dysautonomic syndromes. 2593 78


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