Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sudden onset stroke occurred in a right-handed vietnamese woman speaking, reading and writing french fluently. When first seen in our department, the patient had mild right facial paresis and non fluent atypical aphasia. CT scan and MRI showed a left subcortical infarct in the superficial territory of the middle cerebral artery; only white matter of the semiovale centre was involved. Neurological examination revealed linguistic impairment resembling transcortical motor aphasia, with unusual stuttering, hypophonia, occasional semantic paraphasias and phonological reading and writing abnormalities. Non verbal cognitive function, gestural and buccofacial praxes were normal. Cerebral blood flow study by SPECT was consistent with left sylvian functional deactivation.
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PMID:[Aphasia caused by isolated lesion of the semi-ovale centre: contribution of the measurement of cerebral blood flow]. 753 25

A 66-year-old right-handed man with acquired stuttering was reported. He complained of paresis in his left leg and speech dysfluency. He was not aphasic in terms of comprehension and writing. His speech dysfluency was mainly characterized by initial syllable repetitions. He has apraxia with his left hand, but has neither agraphia with his left hand nor crossed optic ataxia. MRI showed cerebral infarction in the truncus of the corpus callosum, and angiography revealed occlusion of the right anterior cerebral artery. 99mTc HM-PAO SPECT showed decreased blood flow in the right frontal lobe. Within six months of its onset, the patient's speech dysfluency had diminished. As the causative lesion for acquired stuttering, we proposed a hemispheric lesion in addition to a callosal lesion.
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PMID:[Acquired stuttering associated with callosal infarction: a case report]. 1002 89

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is an exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum. It works by blocking the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve end plates leading to inactivity of the muscles or glands innervated. Botox is best known for its beneficial role in facial aesthetics but recent literature has highlighted its usage in multiple non-cosmetic medical and surgical conditions. This article reviews the current evidence pertaining to Botox use in the head and neck. A literature review was conducted using The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline and EMBASE databases limited to English Language articles published from 1980 to 2012. The findings suggest that there is level 1 evidence supporting the efficacy of Botox in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia, essential voice tremor, headache, cervical dystonia, masticatory myalgia, sialorrhoea, temporomandibular joint disorders, bruxism, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and rhinitis. For chronic neck pain there is level 1 evidence to show that Botox is ineffective. Level 2 evidence exists for vocal tics, trigeminal neuralgia, dysphagia and post-laryngectomy oesophageal speech. For stuttering, 'first bite syndrome', facial nerve paresis, Frey's syndrome, oromandibular dystonia and palatal/stapedial myoclonus the evidence is level 4. Thus, the literature highlights a therapeutic role for Botox in a wide range of non-cosmetic conditions pertaining to the head and neck (mainly level 1 evidence). With ongoing research, the spectrum of clinical applications and number of people receiving Botox will no doubt increase. Botox appears to justify its title as 'the poison that heals'.
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PMID:An evidence-based review of botulinum toxin (Botox) applications in non-cosmetic head and neck conditions. 2347 31

Botulinum toxin (Botox) is an exotoxin produced from Clostridium botulinum. It blocks the release of acetylcholine from the cholinergic nerve end plates resulting in inactivity of the muscles or glands innervated. The efficacy of Botox in facial aesthetics is well established; however, recent literature has highlighted its utilization in multiple non-cosmetic medical and surgical conditions. The present article reviews the current evidence pertaining to Botox use in the non-cosmetic head and neck conditions. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and the Cochrane databases limited to English Language articles published from January 1980 to December 2014. The findings showed that there is level 1 evidence supporting the efficacy of Botox in the treatment of laryngeal dystonia, headache, cervical dystonia, masticatory myalgia, sialorrhoea, temporomandibular joint disorders, bruxism, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and rhinitis. For chronic neck pain there is level 1 evidence to show that Botox is ineffective. Level 2 evidence exists for vocal tics and trigeminal. For stuttering, facial nerve paresis, Frey's syndrome and oromandibular dystonia the evidence is level 4. Thus, there is compelling evidence in the published literature to demonstrate the beneficial role of Botox in a wide range of non-cosmetic conditions pertaining to the head and neck (mainly level 1 evidence). With more and more research, the range of clinical applications and number of individuals getting Botox will doubtlessly increase. Botox appears to justify its title as 'the poison that heals'.
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PMID:The therapeutic usage of botulinum toxin (Botox) in non-cosmetic head and neck conditions - An evidence based review. 2822 58