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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a report on the clinical history and pathological lesions of a dog suffering from disseminated protothecosis due to Prototheca zopfi. Clinically, the dog was presented with bilateral conjunctivitis followed by blindness, deafness and posterior paresis. Pathological lesions were most severe in the eyes and consisted of subacute panophthalmitis with secondary posterior subcapsular cataract, posterior synechia, retinal detachment and microscopic evidence of glaucoma. The kidney, liver, brain, spleen and lungs were also affected. This is believed to be the first published account of protothecosis in mammals other than man in Africa. A review of the literature is included.
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PMID:Disseminated prothothecosis in a dog. 61 16

A report is given on three patients who developed spontaneous subarachnoidal bleeding, together with vitreous hemorrhage (Terson's syndrome). In two patients the vitreous hemorrhage was unilateral and showed spontaneous resorption within 15 months. The third patient presented with bilateral vitreous hemorrhage, which first showed slow spontaneous resorption. Five months later, however, secondary vitreous bleeding occurred. Vitrectomy was therefore performed in both eyes. Post-operatively, both eyes developed focal vitreoretinal reproliferations with retinal tears, which led to retinal detachment that was successfully treated by surgery. Because of these observations we can make the following suggestions: in patients presenting with unilateral vitreous hemorrhage one should first watch the spontaneous resorption of the hemorrhage. If there is delayed blood resorption in bilateral vitreous hemorrhage and at the beginning of the hemorrhage, a pars plana vitrectomy should be performed. In one patient an additional ocular symptom peripheral paresis of the facial nerve; a second patient presented with paresis of the oculomotor nerve. Both resolved spontaneously within 15 months.
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PMID:[Terson syndrome. Complicated clinical course]. 158 98

Either muscle weakness (paresis) or mechanical restrictions can account for diminished ocular rotation. In practice, restrictions are more commonly seen. The forced duction test, differential intraocular pressure measurement and saccadic velocity studies can all assist in documenting the presence of restriction. Restrictions frequently occur with orbital floor fracture, endocrine ophthalmopathy and Brown's syndrome, and following multiple stabismus procedures, orbital or retinal detachment surgery, or muscle transposition surgery. They also occur as a result of antagonist muscle contracture after rectus muscle palsy or they may be due to orbital tumor or inflammation.
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PMID:Restrictive factors in strabismus. 635 14

Spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are often implicated as the cause of the syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, but they have rarely been demonstrated radiographically or surgically. The authors reviewed their experience with documented cases of spinal CSF leaks of spontaneous onset in 11 patients including their surgical observations in four of the patients. The mean age of the six women and five men included in the study was 38 years (range 22-51 years). All patients presented with a postural headache; however, most had additional symptoms, including nausea, emesis, sixth cranial-nerve paresis, or local back pain at the level of the CSF leak. All patients underwent indium-111 radionucleotide cisternography or computerized tomographic (CT) myelography. The location of the spontaneous CSF leak was in the cervical spine in two patients, the cervicothoracic junction in three patients, the thoracic spine in five patients, and the lumbar spine in one patient. The false negative rate for radionucleotide cisternography was high (30%). Subdural fluid collections, meningeal enhancement, and downward displacement of the cerebellum, resembling a Chiari I malformation, were commonly found on cranial imaging studies. In most patients, the symptoms resolved in response to supportive measures or an epidural blood patch. Leaking meningeal diverticula were found to be the cause of the CSF leak in four patients who underwent surgery. In three patients these diverticula could be ligated with good result but in one patient an extensive complex of meningeal diverticula was found to be inoperable. Two patients had an unusual body habitus and joint hypermobility, and two other patients had suffered a spontaneous retinal detachment at a young age. In conclusion, spontaneous spinal CSF leaks are uncommon, but they are increasingly recognized as a cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Most spinal CSF leaks are located at the cervicothoracic junction or in the thoracic spine, and they may be associated with meningeal diverticula. The radiographic study of choice is CT myelography. The disease is usually self-limiting, but in selected cases our experience with surgical ligation of leaking meningeal diverticula has been satisfactory. An underlying connective tissue disorder may be present in some patients with a spontaneous spinal CSF leak.
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PMID:Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension. 898 98

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in primary hyperaldosteronism, particularly because of its possible role in the progression of kidney disease. While most studies have concerned humans and experimental animal models, we here report on the occurrence of a spontaneous form of (non-tumorous) primary hyperaldosteronism in cats. At presentation, the main physical features of 11 elderly cats were hypokalemic paroxysmal flaccid paresis and loss of vision due to retinal detachment with hemorrhages. Primary hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed on the basis of plasma concentrations of aldosterone (PAC) and plasma renin activity (PRA), and the calculation of the PAC:PRA ratio. In all animals, PACs were at the upper end or higher than the reference range. The PRAs were at the lower end of the reference range, and the PAC:PRA ratios exceeded the reference range. Diagnostic imaging by ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed no or only very minor changes in the adrenals compatible with nodular hyperplasia. Adrenal gland histopathology revealed extensive micronodular hyperplasia extending from zona glomerulosa into the zona fasciculata and reticularis. In three cats, plasma urea and creatinine concentrations were normal when hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed but thereafter increased to above the upper limit of the respective reference range. In the other eight cats, urea and creatinine concentrations were raised at first examination and gradually further increased. Even in end-stage renal insufficiency, there was a tendency to hypophosphatemia rather than to hyperphosphatemia. The histopathological changes in the kidneys mimicked those of humans with hyperaldosteronism: hyaline arteriolar sclerosis, glomerular sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The non-tumorous form of primary hyperaldosteronism in cats has many similarities with "idiopathic" primary hyperaldosteronism in humans. The condition is associated with progressive renal disease, which may in part be due to the often incompletely suppressed plasma renin activity.
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PMID:Primary hyperaldosteronism, a mediator of progressive renal disease in cats. 1562 Aug 9

: We describe a patient who developed an atonic pupil after placement of an encircling band during retinal detachment surgery. When the band was removed 18 months later, the pupil signs showed partial recovery demonstrating a degree of reversibility of the parasympathetic paresis. We speculate that in this case mechanical deformation of the sclera by the encircling band had produced a conduction block of the short posterior ciliary nerve fibers as they pass forward in the underlying suprachoroidal space.
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PMID:Reversal of pupillary atonia after removal of an encircling band. 2462 75

A 17-week-old crossbred finishing pig was presented for lameness of approximately one week. Clinical evaluation, including ophthalmologic examination, revealed ataxia, partial flaccid paresis of the pelvic limbs, skin lesions at feet and claws, and severely reduced vision/blindness. Both eyes had multiple persistent pupillary membranes (iris-to-iris and iris-to-lens) and hypermature cataracts. Histopathological examination of the eyes revealed microphthalmia, microphakia with cataract formation, myovascularised membrane in the vitreous, retinal detachment, and retinal dysplasia. Microscopic examination of tissues collected postmortem demonstrated nonsuppurative polioencephalomyelitis with the most prominent inflammatory lesions in the lumbar spinal cord. Subsequently, presumed Teschen/Talfan disease was confirmed by porcine teschovirus identification in the spinal cord using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report describing in detail histopathological changes in the porcine congenital microphthalmic syndrome.
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PMID:Congenital Microphthalmic Syndrome in a Swine. 3003 6