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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-five cases with removal of acoustic neurinomas were reviewed to demonstrate the factors which influenced the postoperative long term function of the facial nerve. All cases were operated on via a suboccipital route. The group consisted of 7 cases with the tumor confined to the internal auditory meatus, 4 cases with a neurinoma of 20 mm or less in diameter, 13 cases with a neurinoma of 30 mm or less, and 11 cases with a neurinoma over 30 mm. The consistency of the tumors was solid in 27 cases, and cystic in 8 cases. Dislocation of the facial nerve was observed during the operation except in 7 intrameatal cases. The dislocation is summarized as follows: dislocated in the cranial direction in 2 cases, ventrocranial in 7, ventral in 5, ventrocaudal in 10, dorsocaudal in one, and caudal in 3 cases. No case showed dislocation of the facial nerve in the dorsocranial or dorsal direction. Careful observation of the facial nerve at the entrance of the internal auditory meatus showed a severe kinking in 2 cases, moderate kinking in 2, but no kinking at all in the remaining 31 cases. The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in all cases. Long term function of the facial nerve can be summarized as excellent in 18 cases, good in 8 cases, and poor in 9 cases. Three cases showed an almost complete paresis of the facial nerve immediately after the operation and recovery was never observed. Neurinoma facial score was defined in 28 cases, except intrameatal cases, according to the degree of preoperative facial nerve function, tumor size, presence of the cystic component within the tumor, direction of the facial nerve dislocation, and the presence of kinking of the facial nerve. The correlation between the long-term facial nerve function and the neurinoma facial score was statistically examined and was found to be significant (Sperman's correlation coefficient by ranks; rs = 0.38596 > 0.375; P = 0.05). In conclusion, neurinoma cases that show the least facial nerve function are: cases in which facial function had deteriorated, cases in which the tumor was large or when the tumor had no cyst, when dislocation of the facial nerve was in the cranial direction, and in cases where there was kinking of the facial nerve at the internal auditory meatus. In such cases, the removal should be carried out intracapsularly so as to preserve facial nerve bundle which may spread and become flattened like a tumor capsule. This might minimize the postoperative deterioration of the facial nerve function.
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PMID:[Factors influencing the long-term function of the facial nerve following removal of acoustic neurinomas]. 905 29

We report a case of large cystic acoustic neurinoma. A 52-year-old male was admitted to hospital with a history of progressive dysphagia, gait disturbance and diplopia for 2 months. On admission, neurological examinations revealed Bruns' type nystagmus to the left side, hypesthesia in the distribution of the second and third divisions of the left trigeminal nerve, and partial paresis of cranial nerves IX, X, and XII on the left side, and truncal ataxia. A pure-tone threshold audiogram indicated the presence of 32 dB hearing loss in the left ear. Speech discrimination was 80%. Caloric vestibular responses were absent on the left side. Skull radiographs with polytomographs of the internal auditory canal (IAC) were normal. Bony changes in the IAC were not found by high-resolution bone-window computed tomography (CT) scan. A plain CT scan revealed a large low-attenuated cystic mass in the left cerebellopontine angle (CPA), which was associated with displacement of the fourth ventricle. An enhanced CT scan demonstrated a thin rim-enhancement in the cyst wall. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans disclosed a large rim-enhanced cystic mass extending superiorly into the tentorial incisura and inferiorly into the foramen magnum. At surgery via a left suboccipital approach, a large cystic mass was found at the left CPA arising from the VIIIth nerve, and compressing the Vth, VIth, VIIth and lower cranial nerves. The cyst was filled with a xanthochromic fluid and was firmly attached to the internal auditory meatus (IAM). However no tumor extension into the IAM was confirmed. The tumor was excised completely. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for impairment of the VIIth and VIIIth nerves. At 6 months after the first operation, the facial nerve had improved up to grade III (Hause-Brackmann stage). Histological examinations revealed a typical benign acoustic neurinoma with predominant representation of Antoni B tissues. The cyst wall contained numerous abnormal sinusoid and telangiectasia-like vessels which showed occasional thromboses. The vessel walls displayed endothelial proliferations and were frequently hyalinized. Hemosiderin deposits and hemosiderin-containing phagocytes were also found near these vessels. Myxoid degeneration and necrosis were evident in vast areas. These degenerative changes appeared to be the principal causes of the large cystic formation. 16 cases including our case have been reported. The broad characteristics of the clinical symptoms and radiological findings of these tumors are discussed.
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PMID:[Large cystic neurinoma: a case report]. 921 60

A 30-year-old female became comatose due to embolic occlusion of the basilar artery, caused by surgical injury to the origin of the vertebral artery during removal of a neurinoma in the upper thoracic paravertebral region. The basilar artery occlusion was treated by local fibrinolysis through a microcatheter. Two weeks later she recovered her consciousness but suffered mutism. Her speech disturbance was characterized by severe ataxic dysarthria known as "cerebellar mutism" but without cranial nerve paresis. The mutism gradually improved during the following 3 months. This is case of cerebellar mutism was apparently due to ischemic stroke. Disturbance by hypoperfusion of the cerebellum and brain stem may have been involved in the pathogenesis of cerebellar mutism.
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PMID:Cerebellar mutism after basilar artery occlusion--case report. 980 3

Two cases of neurinoma of the Gasserian ganglion with abducens nerve paresis as the first symptom are described and 27 cases culled from the literature are reviewed. The anatomo-surgical and clinical-radiological features of this pathology were re-assessed in an attempt to identify the pathogenetic mechanism responsible for a trigeminal neurinoma manifesting with VI cranial nerve palsy.
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PMID:Abducens nerve paresis as first symptom of trigeminal neurinoma. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 1081 92

We have presented the diagnostic difficulties in the case of woman aged 59 who was admitted to the clinic with the suspicion of neurinoma of acoustic nerve. The patient was admitted to hospital with peripheral facial nerve paresis on the left side together with sudden surdity and peripheral vestibular impairment. Surdity of the other side occurred after two months. In terminal phase of the disease there was aseptic meningitis. Posthumous diagnosis was made on the basis of neuropathological examination of the brain. It was carcinomatous meningitis. But there was no primary focus found during autopsy. It is important to stress that CT and MRI was completely useless in this case. However pathological brain stem response together with lack of stapedial muscle reflex were much ahead of surdity and other central symptoms. We found only one case of carcinomatous meningitis with unknown primary focus in the literature. The course of the disease is very insidious and in every suspicious cases one should be aware of cancer of unknown primary site.
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PMID:[A rare case of metastatic meningitis with unknown primary focus and atypical symptoms]. 1097 60

A brief history of the vestibular neurectomy is given. This treatment modality was introduced in Denmark by us, using the experiences obtained by the use of translabyrinthine treatment modality for vestibular schwannoma surgery. This paper presents our experiences with this type of surgery (translabyrinthine, retrolabyrinthine and retrosigmoid vestibular nerve section) from 1980 to 1996, including 43 operations in 42 patients. The patients had all been treated with conventional methods without success and were all severely handicapped by their attacks of vertigo. The mean age was 51 years, postoperative observation time between 2 and 15 years, with a mean of 6.4 years. The vertigo was controlled in 88% of the patients, while postoperative imbalance occurred in 14 patients, mainly due to the ablation of the vestibular labyrinth and not by episodic vertigo. A total of 39 patients indicated that they were satisfied with the operation. Six patients were deaf before surgery and 92% of the remaining patients retained their preoperative hearing. Postoperative complications were few, including two re-operations for CSF leaks, one patient with a slight transient facial nerve paresis and one transient VI nerve paresis. The results compare favorably with results from other authors. Retrosigmoid vestibular nerve section is an effective treatment modality to be offered to patients in whom other modalities have failed. Information about the efficacy and leniency of the treatment should be given to the patient's organization in order to diminish the fear of an intracranial intervention. Surgical experience is necessary in order obtain good results, the number of patients needing the operation is small and centralization of the treatment is mandatory.
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PMID:Vestibular neurectomy. 1099 87

Two patients presented with hypoglossal neurinoma extending both intra- and extracranially. A 63-year-old male presented with right trigeminal neuralgia and hypoglossal nerve paresis. The intracranial part of the tumor was removed totally via a suboccipital craniectomy. Over-coagulation of the venous collaterals, particularly the emissary veins, resulted in dural venous sinus thrombosis and cerebellar infarction. Unfortunately this patient died. A 48-year-old male presented with pareses of the VII, IX, X, XI, and XII cranial nerves and cerebellar sign. The tumor extended both extra- and intracranially, and was completely removed by opening the hypoglossal canal and the jugular foramen without over-coagulation of the venous collaterals. Preservation of the venous collaterals is very important for the prevention of postoperative venous complications.
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PMID:Hypoglossal neurinoma--two case reports. 1102 Oct 84

A retrospective review of 29 consecutive unselected patients referred for neuro-ophthalmic evaluation after the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) showed that four of them had a monocular elevator paresis. In two of the four MRI demonstrated lesions, presumed to be schwannomas, of the third nerve. These findings indicate that monocular elevator paresis is a common neuro-ophthalmic finding in NF2, which the authors suspect is probably a sign of third nerve infiltration or compression by a schwannoma.
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PMID:Monocular elevator paresis in neurofibromatosis type 2. 1134 93

At the University Medical Center Utrecht, non-operative management was used for 44 patients with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma between 1990 and 1997. During that period, consecutive tumor sizes were determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Three of the 44 patients showed an average decrease in tumor size of 16.7% according to American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery standards. This study describes the initial vestibular status and audiometric changes measured over up to 10 years in these three patients. Vestibular function was determined once, by means of the bithermal caloric test, the torsion test, the saccade test, the smooth pursuit test, and the registration of spontaneous nystagmus. The three patients had severe vestibular paresis on the affected side. Pure-tone and speech audiometry were performed at regular intervals. Although the size of their tumors decreased, their hearing gradually deteriorated, just as it does in the majority of patients with a growing or stable vestibular schwannoma. The observations presented here suggest that the development of symptoms in a vestibular schwannoma does not differentiate between patients with a stable, growing or shrinking tumor. The development of symptoms may be the result of the same pathogenetic mechanism.
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PMID:Vestibular schwannoma: negative growth and audiovestibular features. 1176 94

A 61-year-old man presented with a rare, large trochlear nerve schwannoma manifesting as left-sided weakness and hypesthesia, bilateral bulbar pareses, and trochlear nerve paresis persisting for 3 months. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium revealed an intensely enhanced, well-circumscribed lesion with multicystic formation occupying the prepontine and interpeduncular cisterns and compressing the pons and midbrain with greater extension to the right. The mass was completely removed through the presigmoid transpetrosal approach with preservation of the posterior cerebral, superior cerebellar, and basilar arteries and their branches. Neuroradiological examination after 3 years demonstrated no recurrence. Enlargement of a tumor in the cisternal portion is inclined to involve and/or encase the adjacent major arteries and their branches. The presigmoid transpetrosal approach is one of the best surgical routes to remove a large trochlear nerve schwannoma safely and completely.
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PMID:Presigmoid transpetrosal approach for the treatment of a large trochlear nerve schwannoma--case report. 1190 75


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