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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period from January 1st 1983 up to the end of April 1989 in the Neurology Department and the Neurosurgery Department 1417 patients were treated due to subarachnoidal hemorrhage. Among these patients in 275 cases the inner hydrocephalus was diagnosed using computer tomography (19.4%). In 17 cases (6.2%) hydrocephalus was treated surgically. In all patients the ventricle-atrial Pudenz valve was implanted; in 15 patients the valve was implanted for low pressure and in 2 for moderate pressure. The diagnostics was based on the computed tomography and angiography of cerebral vessels. In all cases large hydrocephalus was diagnosed (the anterior horn index in the computed tomography was below 3.0). The most frequent clinical symptoms were: urine incontinence (15 cases), disturbances of orientation (8 cases), akinetic mutism (8 cases) and paresis of extremities (7 cases). Above symptoms together with radiologic image presented indication for the valve implantation. Very good and good results were obtained in 13 patients, bad results in 2 cases, 2 patients died. Longer observation showed that 6 patients remain in satisfactory state, 3 patients are in bad state and 3 others died.
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PMID:[Immediate and late results of surgical treatment of hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage]. 208 43

Twelve Lewis rats were inoculated with a guinea pig spinal cord tissue preparation. They developed experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) after 12-14 days, manifested by weight loss, tail flaccidity, ataxia, hind limb paresis and incontinence. The CNS lesions are produced in this animal model on the basis of inflammatory demyelination, which provides a useful model for multiple sclerosis. Concomitantly with EAE, all animals developed vestibular hyperreactivity (VH) of otolith and canal reflexes. In surviving animals these reflexes renormalized after full clinical recovery. The major effect on the canal response was an increased duration of postrotatory nystagmus caused by an increase in time constant. These findings are similar in part to those previously reported in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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PMID:Physiological abnormalities in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). I. Vestibular hyperreactivity (VH) in rats with EAE. 633 52

A chronic, progressive form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was produced by immunization of rabbits with bovine brain white matter proteolipid apoprotein. Clinical signs appeared 4 to 13 months after sensitization, and were characterized by ataxia and limb paresis which progressed to flaccid paralysis and incontinence. Light and electron microscopic observations showed both acute and chronic nonsuppurative myelitis or encephalomyelitis accompanied by primary demyelination. Myelin damage was most evident in the spinal cord but was also present in the optic nerve and brain. The neuropathology was consistent with lesions of chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis produced by central nervous system tissue, and resembled lesions of multiple sclerosis as well. These observations suggest that protein may be involved in the pathophysiology of demyelinating diseases. A mechanism for the chronic course of the disease is discussed.
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PMID:Chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced in rabbits with bovine white matter proteolipid apoprotein. 710 65

Neurogenic bladder dysfunction can be difficult to manage and is usually impossible to cure. This case report describes neurosurgical treatment of a case of recurrent urinary incontinence in a 56 years old woman who was previously treated on four occasions with vaginal repair operations with no beneficial effect. Cystometry revealed detrusor hyperreflexia (supranuclear bladder paresis). Myelography demonstrated cervical spinal cord compression. She was treated with spondylodesis of the cervical spine with complete relief of incontinence. 18 months postoperative cystometry was normal and after three years she was free of symptoms.
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PMID:Recurrent urinary incontinence treated neurosurgically. 738 93

A 26-year-old housewife, born of consanguineous parentage, began to have gait and speech disturbance. Her brother had died from suffocation because of dysphagia. At thirty-two, she developed difficulty in swallowing, clumsiness and incontinence. When she was thirty-six she had pseudobulbar palsy, vertical gaze paresis, hyperreflexia and muscular atrophy of the upper half of the body. CT scan showed cerebral atrophy. Her mental function progressively deteriorated and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with dementia was suspected. She died at the age of thirty-seven. Diagnosis was made only by autopsy. There was no particular general pathologic finding excepting aspiration pneumonia. Microscopical examination revealed numerous distended neurons with accumulation of light brown pigments by Luxol fast blue/H & E stains, especially in hypothalamus, substantia nigra and nuclei of oculomotor nerves. To a lesser extent such neurons were noted ubiquitously. The stored material was mainly composed of lipofuscin and ceroid. Ultrastructurally they presented the various structures which have previously been reported, except for finger print profiles. The pigmentary deposits were shown to be immunoreactive with polyclonal antibody directed against amyloid beta-protein.
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PMID:[Dementia and amyotrophy in Kufs disease. The adult type of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis]. 774 8

This paper reviews the methodological issues in the epidemiological study of the outcome from stroke. Data are presented from an unselected series of patients in whom the underlying stroke pathology is clearly defined. Although the natural history varies among the different pathological subtypes of stroke, simple clinical baseline measures of the severity of the neurological deficit (incontinence, loss of consciousness and severity of paresis) and premorbid level of disability and social functioning independently predict disability-free survival by 1 year, and may help direct management and research.
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PMID:Baseline measures and outcome predictions. 780 Jan 6

The validity of a clinical classification system was assessed for subtypes of cerebral infarction for use in clinical trials of putative stroke therapies and clinical decision making in a population based stroke register (n = 536) compiled in Perth, Western Australia in 1989-90. The Perth Community Stroke Project (PCSS) used definitions and methodology similar to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) where the classification system was developed. In the PCSS, 421 cases of cerebral infarction and primary intracerebral haemorrhage (PICH), confirmed by brain imaging or necropsy, were classified into the subtypes total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS), partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS), lacunar syndrome (LACS), and posterior circulation syndrome (POCS). In this relatively unselected population, relying exclusively on LACS for a diagnosis of PICH had a very low sensitivity (6%) and positive predictive value (3%). Comparison of the frequencies and outcomes (at one year after the onset of symptoms) for each subgroup of first ever cerebral infarction in the PCSS (n = 248) with the OCSP (n = 543) registers showed uniformity only for LACI. For example, there were 27% of cases of TACI in the PCSS compared with 17% in the OCSP (difference = 10%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 4% to 16%) and 15% of cases in the PCSS compared with 24% in the OCSP were POCI (difference = 9%; 95% CI 3% to 15%). Case fatalities and long-term handicap across the subgroups were not significantly different between studies, but the frequencies of recurrent stroke were significantly greater for POCI in the OCSP compared with the PCSS. Although this classification system defines subtypes of stroke with different outcomes, simple clinical measures-level of consciousness, paresis, disability, and incontinence at onset-are more powerful predictors of death or dependency at one year. It is concluded that simple clinical measures that reflect the severity of the neurological deficit should complement this classification system in clinical trials and practice.
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PMID:Validation of a clinical classification for subtypes of acute cerebral infarction. 793 76

A 3-year-old girl with left hemiparesis suffered from bilateral paresis, motor rigidity, gait disturbance, axial hypotonia, dysarthria, apathy, and incontinence. After steroid therapy, mild improvement occurred, but muscle weakness, gait disturbance, and rigidity remained. Leigh encephalopathy was excluded on the basis of muscle biopsy and laboratory findings. Computed tomography and serial magnetic resonance imaging at an early stage revealed right-sided dominant lesions in the putamen and caudate nucleus and later bilateral striatal lesions, appearing as hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images and mixtures of hypo- and hyperintense signals on T1-weighted images. This is the first demonstration of serial magnetic resonance imaging findings in infantile bilateral striatal necrosis.
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PMID:Serial MRI in infantile bilateral striatal necrosis. 802 66

Spinal arteriovenous malformations are uncommon disorders associated with considerable difficulty in diagnosis and treatment. They are divided into dural arteriovenous fistulas and intradural medullary spinal cord angiomas. In this retrospective series of six patients the clinical outcome of embolization is presented. The patient material consisted of three dural fistulas and three cord angiomas, one of which bled causing sudden paresis, pain and incontinence. In the remaining five patients the symptoms were progressive consisting of paraesthaesias, paraparesis, pain and incontinence. The clinical status of four patients was not changed after the treatment, one deterioriated and one improved. There were no bleedings after the therapy. In one patient spinal angiography for follow-up was performed and recanalization was seen in the dural fistula after particle embolization. Also, in one cord angioma embolized with particles reflow appeared in the immediately repeated angiography. For permanent angioma occlusion tissue adhesive is preferred as embolic material. Surgical therapy as an alternative or adjuvant to embolization is discussed with a review of the literature. Early timing of the therapeutic intervention is stressed to avoid the development of irreversible ischaemic medullopathy and to prevent haemorrhage. The therapeutic procedures at the early stage of the disease may be curable or, at least, halt the progression of the symptoms. Cross-sectional imaging studies and myelographies may reveal the lesion. For the definitive diagnosis of spinal angioma with its vascular feeders and for the evaluation of its occlusion grade after the therapy selective spinal angiography is needed.
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PMID:Diagnosis and embolizing of spinal arteriovenous malformations. 945 83

Treatment options in patients with bone metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma are limited and mostly aimed at palliation. Conventional treatment modalities are: radioiodine therapy, surgery or external irradiation. A lesser known option is selective embolization of tumour metastases. During selective catheterization of the arteries that feed the metastases embolization material (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol particles) is injected into the local vasculature under radiographic control. The embolization is immediately evaluated angiographically. This therapy was used in three patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, a 60-year-old man suffering from back ache, paresis and afterwards paralysis of the lower body parts with incontinence, and in two women aged 59 years (suffering from diplopia and a pelvic metastasis) and aged 27 years (suffering from neurological symptoms or pain of the right leg due to a pelvic metastasis). In all three the symptoms disappeared after the embolization and ensuing treatment with radioactive iodine. Due to recurrent increase in serum thyroglobulin concentration repeated re-embolization was necessary, but during a follow-up period of 3-5 years the palliation remained adequate. Selective embolization appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment, with good tolerability for the patient. Embolization alone or preferably preceded by radioiodine therapy may lead to decreased tumour progression and often gives rise to immediate relief of symptoms.
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PMID:[Embolization of skeletal metastases in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma]. 1092 50


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