Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The eye manifestations of congenital toxoplasmosis were investigated in 38 infants and children. Diagnosis of the congenital ocular lesions was established clinically, using also X-ray, computed tomography and ultrasonography, and confirmed by two immunodiagnostic techniques. Infants and children were examined when one or more characteristic manifestations of ophthalmic disorders were present. Typical symptoms and signs can present at birth or appear later in life. The multiplicity of clinical manifestations is characteristic of the disease. The most common symptom was chorioretinitis (92%), associated in 71% of the cases with other ocular lesions, and the second most common symptom was microphthalmia and strabismus. The inflammatory process also involved the anterior segment of the eye: iridocyclitis, cataract, glaucoma. Other rare findings were hydrocephalus, calcification in the brain, paresis, epilepsy and diminished visual acuity. The study showed that transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma to the fetus can have severe clinical consequences and terminate in fatal ocular impairment.
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PMID:Congenital toxoplasmosis: eye manifestations in infants and children. 1236 84

The selection of patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) for surgery depends on the concordance of data from clinical, imaging and electroencephalographic evaluation. Though clinical examination is often normal, emotional facial paresis has been described in patients with TLE. Utilizing a well-characterized group of mesial TLE (MTLE) patients, who have achieved excellent seizure outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (ATL), we investigated the prevalence, predictive value and associations of emotional facial paresis. When compared to 8 out of 50 control subjects (16%), 36 out of 50 MTLE patients (72%) exhibited unilateral emotional facial paresis; the difference was highly significant (P<0.0001). The presence of contralateral emotional facial paresis correctly predicted the side of ATL in 86.1% patients. The occurrence of emotional facial paresis was significantly associated with longer duration of epilepsy prior to ATL and left ATL. Our observations confirm that emotional facial parersis contralateral to the side of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is a valuable localizing sign in correctly predicting the epileptogenic temporal lobe. We hypothesize that the presence of an intact right hemisphere and pathological changes more extensive than MTS may be required for emotional facial paresis to readily manifest.
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PMID:Emotional facial paresis in temporal lobe epilepsy: its prevalence and lateralizing value. 1249 52

A series of 17 patients aged from 9 months to 32 years with refractory epilepsy due to hypothalamic hamartoma were treated by total removal (one case) and disconnection (16 cases) between 1997 and 2002. The mean age at seizure onset was 16 months. Sixteen patients had gelastic seizures, 14 had partial seizures and three had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The mean seizure frequency was 21 per day. Four patients had borderline intelligence quotient and the others were mentally retarded. Five patients presented with precocious puberty, one with acromegaly, and four suffered from obesity. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, performed at least twice in each patient, showed the hamartoma as a stable homogeneous interpeduncular mass implanted either on the mammilary tubercle or on the wall of the third ventricle with variable extension to the bottom. Ictal single photon emission computed tomography, performed in four patients, showed hyperperfusion within the hamartoma in two patients. Twenty-five operations were performed in the 17 patients. The first patient underwent total removal of the hamartoma, whereas the following 16 patients underwent disconnection through open surgery (14 procedures) and/or endoscopy (9 procedures). Eight patients became seizure-free, one patient had only brief gelastic seizures, and eight patients were dramatically improved with a mean follow up of 18.6 months (8 days to 43 months). Surgery was safe in all but two patients: the first patient had transient hemiplegia and the third cranial nerve paresis, and the other developed hemiplegia due to ischemia of the middle cerebral artery territory. The quality of life, and behavior and school performance were greatly improved in most patients. Our series illustrates the feasibility and relative safety of disconnection surgery for hypothalamic hamartomas with seizure relief in 53% of patients and dramatic improvement in the others. Surgical observations led us to propose a new anatomical classification according to the anatomical relationship between the hamartoma and the adjacent hypothalamus and third ventricle. Endoscopic disconnection seems to be a very safe way to treat hamartomas in intraventricular locations.
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PMID:Disconnecting surgical treatment of hypothalamic hamartoma in children and adults with refractory epilepsy and proposal of a new classification. 1262 81

The taiep mutant rat was first described in a colony of Sprague-Dawley rats at the University of Puebla in 1989, with an autosomal recessive inherited pattern. taiep is an acronym for the progressive neurologic deficits that the rat develops, i.e., t = trembling (3-4 weeks), a = ataxia (at 4 months), i = immobility (5-6 months), e = epilepsy (5-6 months), andp = paresis (7 months onwards). Thus, mutant rats are first identified by a tremor at 3-4 weeks of age that is followed by a progressive neurological worsening (Holmgren et al. 1989; Lunn et al. 1997). The cause of the neurological symptoms is an early failure of normal myelination of the central nervous system (CNS) followed by progressive demyelination of certain CNS tracts (Lunn et al. 1997). We have been exploring the underlying pathophysiology of the mutant and have determined that the myelin defect results from the progressive accumulation of microtubules in oligodendrocytes, the myelin-producing cells of the CNS (Song et al. 1999). Microtubules are the major component of the cytoskeleton of this and many other cells of the body, and microtubule-based transport of protein and mRNA is essential for normal cell function. There is no direct human counterpart of the taiep rat. Nonetheless, providing an understanding of the control of microtubule dynamics in the oligodendrocyte will be highly relevant to our knowledge of the cell biology of the myelinating cell of the CNS. This information is of great relevance to the function of the cell in human myelin disorders and in experimental remyelination. As the taiep rat apparently has a primary disorder in the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton, it is an ideal model in which to study this process. This information may also be a key to the complete understanding of the mechanism of microtubule assembly/disassembly in many cell types.
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PMID:Mapping of taiep rat phenotype to rat Chromosome 9. 1469 6

We report on a 50-year-old man with mental retardation and right-sided hemi-paresis. He seemed to be cured from epilepsy. In a short time a mental and physical deterioration developed which looked like a dementia, which was suggested by vascular risk factors. The EEG showed marked epileptic activity characterized by spikes appearing every 10 seconds over the left temporal lobe. After introduction of carbamazepine, a fast and long-term improvement of symptoms was noticed resulting in self sufficiency. The fast and marked effect of an antiepileptic drug being given to the patient with an non-typical reactivation of epilepsy in which the dementia-syndrome was caused by a transitory cognitive impairment due to sub-clinic electric seizures or non-convulsive status epilepticus.
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PMID:[Atypical epilepsy symptomatology as cause of a dementia like state in a mentally and physically retarded patient]. 1499 95

Episodic ataxia type1 (EA1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by episodes of ataxia, dysarthria, tremor and visual disturbances lasting for seconds or minutes, precipitated by physical and emotional stress, startle or sudden movements. In addition there is continuous myokymia. Phenotypic variants such as the combination with epilepsy, shortening of the Achilles tendon in children, transient postural abnormalities in infancy, and a very few patients with longer lasting episodes have been reported. We describe a 10-year-old girl with EA1 who has distal weakness with paresis of the extensors of the feet and prolonged spells of limb stiffness (neuromyotonia) lasting up to 12 hours. A novel single nucleotide change at position 785 T > C that alters a highly conserved residue in the third transmembrane segment of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 was found.
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PMID:Episodic ataxia type 1 with distal weakness: a novel manifestation of a potassium channelopathy. 1512 17

Transient neurological deficits experienced by patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome can be caused by epilepsy, or may result from temporary ischaemia of the cortex underlying the vascular malformation. To show the difficulty in distinguishing seizures from ischaemic symptoms, two male children with episodes of acute unilateral weakness are presented here as well as a review of the literature. The first child presented at 2 years of age with a sudden increase in his pre-existing right hemiparesis accompanied by screaming. Ictal epileptiform activity was recorded at the moment of the attack, and subsequent seizures were controlled by adjustment of antiepileptic drug treatment. The second child presented at 4 years of age with attacks of vomiting and a coinciding increase in the pre-existing paresis of the left leg. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recording did not show ictal epileptiform activity. The origin was presumed to be vascular. Treatment with aspirin led to control of these transient ischaemic attacks. Ictal EEG is needed to differentiate between an epileptic and an ischaemic origin of transient focal deficit. Treatment with aspirin should be considered if an ischaemic origin cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Sturge-Weber syndrome and paroxysmal hemiparesis: epilepsy or ischaemia? 1554 Jun 41

The medial basotemporal lobes (hippocampus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus) are considered to be parts of the system responsible for nonvolitional facial movements. In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, lower facial weakness during emotional expression has been found to occur almost exclusively contralateral to the temporal lobe with the epileptogenic focus. Repetitive and chronic stimulation of the amygdala during eating has also been postulated as a probable mechanism for eating seizures. The authors present the illustrative aspects of both facial asymmetry and eating seizures in a case of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). This report provides evidence that the amygdala may be the common anatomical basis for three different aspects of this patient: emotional facial paresis, eating seizures, and sleep paroxysmal microarousals.
Epilepsy Behav 2005 Mar
PMID:Eating seizures and emotional facial paresis: evidence suggesting the amygdala is a common anatomophysiological substratum. 1571 Mar 16

We examined six patients with isolated venous thrombosis (n = 2), or venous thrombosis combined with sinus thrombosis (n = 4) (CVT). The clinical symptoms were non-specific (acute cephalea, paresis, epileptic seizure, progressive speech disorder). All examinations were performed on a 1.5 T system (Magnetom Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany), maximum gradient field strength 30 mT/m, minimal gradient rise time 450 micros, according to the following protocol: Transverse T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE), fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T1-weighted spin-echo (SE), before and after administration of contrast medium, T2*-weighted conventional gradient-echo (GRE), T2*-weighted spin-echo echo planar imaging (SE EPI), both without and with diffusion weighting as well as two-dimensional (2D) venous time-of-flight (TOF) MRA. The venous thromboses were best detectable in the T2*-weighted conventional GRE sequence in all patients. In two patients, the CVT was discernible only in this sequence. The sinus thrombosis was well discernible only in the T2*-weighted GRE sequence in only one case; in the remaining cases it was detectable only with difficulty. For these cases, other sequences such as SE, diffusion-weighted, or 2D-TOF-MRA sequence were superior. The T2*-weighted conventional GRE sequence was superior to the T2*-weighted SE EPI sequence in all patients. To sum up, it can be concluded, that T2*-weighted conventional GRE sequences are possibly the best method of detection of acute cortical vein thromboses. Therefore, it seems to be of benefit to integrate a T2*-weighted conventional GRE sequence into the MR-protocol for the diagnosis of isolated cortical vein thrombosis.
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PMID:Importance of T2*-weighted gradient-echo MRI for diagnosis of cortical vein thrombosis. 1596 21

Following a search for the presence of postictal paresis in a cohort of 70 patients with benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood, the symptomatology of the seizures and the presence of postictal paresis were reviewed. All children underwent a neurologic evaluation, including electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging. Eight of the 70 patients (3 girls and 5 boys) were found to have postictal paresis. All patients had partial motor seizures involving predominantly the upper extremities and, to a lesser degree, the face and lower extremities. In all eight patients, the motor deficits resolved within 60 minutes. Follow-up neurologic examination was nonfocal in all patients. Seven of the eight patients experienced postictal paresis once, and one patient had two such episodes. Three of the eight patients experienced a brief speech arrest. The EEG in all patients demonstrated centrotemporal sharp waves. In seven patients, the sharp waves were bilateral and independent, and in one patient, the rolandic sharp waves were unilateral. A horizontal dipole with positivity at the central region was found in all patients using an average montage. In conclusion, we found an 11.5% association of postictal paresis in children with benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood, whereas 38% of children also had a brief speech arrest. The EEG was characteristic for benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood with bilateral asynchronous discharges in seven of eight patients (83%) and the presence of dipole in all patients. The presence of postictal paresis should not exclude the diagnosis of benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood.
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PMID:Postictal paresis in children with benign rolandic epilepsy. 1641 82


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