Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Octreotide is increasingly being used in the treatment of acromegaly. It effectively suppresses growth hormone secretion but also has inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal regulatory peptides and induces gallbladder paresis, which may predispose to gallstone formation. In nine acromegalic patients receiving long-term octreotide treatment gallbladder emptying, assessed by 99Tc-EHIDA scintigraphy after a standard fatty meal, was significantly impaired (p less than 0.005) when compared with normal healthy control subjects. Asymptomatic gallstone formation occurred in one patient who had the most severely impaired gallbladder emptying. Between 24 and 96 h after cessation of octreotide, in six of seven patients studied, gallbladder emptying had not only recovered but demonstrated significant rebound hypermotility (p less than 0.005). This finding has important implications for the administration of long-term octreotide therapy and suggests that a drug-free period each week may enable evacuation of gallbladder contents and reduce the risk of gallstone formation.
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PMID:Gallbladder function in acromegalic patients taking long-term octreotide: evidence of rebound hypermotility on cessation of treatment. 156 23

In a period of 5 years 790 patients underwent operation in the surgical clinic for cholelithiasis. Relaparotomy had to be conducted on 23 (2.9%) patients because intraabdominal complications occurred: escape of bile from the gallbladder bed and choledochus in its drainage, and development of peritonitis in 13 patients, pancreatitis in 2 patients, abdominal abscesses in 5, bleeding into the free abdominal cavity and the gastrointestinal tract in 3 patients. The diagnosis of complications is difficult. The developing symptoms are masked by infusion and antibiotic therapy, injection of narcotics, intestinal paresis. A complex approach is conducive to the establishment of the diagnosis: one doctor in charge, intensive surveillance of the patient, study of the results of laboratory and clinical methods of examination in dynamics. The indications for operation should be considered from the very onset in some cases. Nine (39.1%) patients died after relaparotomy.
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PMID:[Relaparotomy in surgery of cholelithiasis]. 157 39

There are (at least) two types of receptor for cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin peptides. Highly potent specific antagonists are available for both types. The CCKA-receptor mediates classical CCK-like effects on the gut. Antagonists given to man inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion and generally shorten gastrointestinal transit times. Potential clinical indications include anorexia, gastro-paresis, pseudo-paresis, pseudo-obstruction, severe constipation and chronic pancreatitis. However gallbladder contraction is markedly inhibited and this led to gallstone formation in baboons. This will obviously have to be avoided if CCKA antagonists are to be used in man. CCKB-receptors mediate the effects of gastrin on the gut and the effects of CCK in the brain. They inhibit gastrin-stimulated acid secretion. If used in acid-peptic disease they might inhibit the trophic effects of gastrin on enterochromaffin cells. CCKB-antagonists can also inhibit the growth of some gastrin-dependent tumours, including certain human colonic cancer cell lines which produce gastrin. CCKB-antagonists have a potent anxiolytic-like effect in animals, and this effect might become their main clinical application.
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PMID:CCK/gastrin antagonists--clinical perspectives. 826 65