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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART) which is available for most AIDS patients in France since 1996, has resulted in a dramatic improvement of the disease course. From the survey of our autopsy series of (AIDS) cases and the review of other neuropathological studies from different developed countries, we found quantitative and qualitative changes in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuropathology. Quantitatively, there was a dramatic decrease in the number of autopsy cases but brain involvement remained a major cause of death in AIDS patients. There was an overall decrease of cerebral toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus encephalitis (CMVE) and HIV encephalitis (HIVE) for which successful treatment is available. This contrasted with the unchanged incidence of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) and primary malignant non Hodgkin brain lymphomas (PMBL). However, when looking closer at the last three years, the incidence of diseases affecting patients with severe immunodepression (CMVE, PML, PMBL) decreased in 2000-2002, whereas infections occurring in patients with milder immunodeficiency (toxoplasmosis, varicella-zoster encephalitis (VZVE) or herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) became more frequent. Qualitatively, there were uncommon types of brain infections, such as BK virus encephalitis or general paresis. Finally, new forms of HIVE were reported: severe leukoencephalopathy with intense perivascular macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration possibly due to an exaggerated response from a newly reconstituted immune system; and also chronic "burnt out" forms of HIVE as VZVE, toxoplasmosis, or PML in which no inflammation and no infectious agent could be detected, likely due to prolonged survival.
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PMID:[The neuropathology of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy]. 1475 84

We describe two cases of congenital varicella. The first presented with cutaneous aplasia and scars; the second with skin abnormalities, limb atrophy, limb paresis, Horner's syndrome and liver calcifications: prognosis was poor in this case. After reviewing the published cases of congenital varicella, we advocate the use of varicella vaccine in seronegative women before pregnancy.
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PMID:[Two cases of congenital varicella syndrome: plea for the varicella vaccine]. 1499 68

Varicella-associated stroke has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. In many cases, diagnosis is difficult because of the late onset of manifestations after the acute infectious episode. Four cases of cerebrovascular disease after varicella infection were observed. Three children presented hemiparesis and one facial paresis. The neuroradiological findings comprised stenosis/occlusion of middle cerebral artery or nucleo capsular signal alteration. Because, several pathogenetic mechanisms have been proposed as the cause of stroke, the relationship between prothrombotic conditions, antipospholipid antibodies and stroke in these patients is discussed. The difficulty in defining the pathogenesis of the ischemic episode is related to problems in the choice of antithrombotic treatment, which is still not standardized and must be decided on individual basis. In the event of rapid onset of stroke after exanthem high dose antiviral therapy seems to be justified. On the basis of our experience and of literature data on varicella-associated stroke, we recommend that VZV infection be taken into account in every episode of stroke in children.
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PMID:Cerebrovascular disease and varicella in children. 1637 9

Viral invasion of the motoneurons and the subsequent inflammation in the anterior horn cells by the varicella zoster virus results in a weakness in the area of the cutaneous eruption. The exact mechanism of zoster paresis is uncertain. The occurrence of symptoms resembling complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is common in subjects where the herpes zoster (HZ) outbreak affects an extremity, particularly if it is the distal extremity that is involved. We report the case of a 54-year-old man with monoparesis, hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema, and both color and skin-temperature changes in his left arm after a skin eruption. Electrophysiologic examination revealed the partial degeneration of the superior, middle, and inferior truncus in the brachial plexus, with evidence of HZ infection. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine and brachial plexus showed degenerative changes without any evidence of nerve root compression. Brachial plexopathy may be the direct cause of the reversible upper-limb paresis resulting from HZ with CRPS-like symptoms.
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PMID:Monoparesis with complex regional pain syndrome-like symptoms due to brachial plexopathy caused by the varicella zoster virus: a case report. 1714 48

Herpes zoster is a disease which occurs secondary to the reactivation of varicella-zoster virus. Motor involvement in acute herpes zoster is rare. We report a case of sciatica L5 due to herpes zoster infection with motor loss. Typical skin lesions occurred one week before the sciatica. Radiological finding did not explain the paresis. The diagnosis of zoster sciatica with motor involvement was suspected. Serological tests and cerebrospinal fluid examination established the diagnosis. The antiviral and physical treatment was conducted in order to improve functional outcome.
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PMID:[Sciatica with motor loss revealing meningoradiculitis due to varicella-zoster virus]. 1840 19

Herpes zoster is an acute posterior ganglio-radiculitis related to the reactivation of the chicken pox-herpes zoster virus remained quiescent in the neurons of the nerve-knots. It usually occurs at the subject after 60 years old. For young patient, it is closely related to the infection by the HIV. Our exploratory descriptive and analytical study was carried out from 1 October 2002 to 30 September 2003, in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical aspects of the herpes zoster in the medical formations of the town of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and to determine the prevalence of the infection by the HIV in the patients. We have collected 118 patients who have a herpes zoster through 6500 consultants. There were 79 women and 39 men. The average age was 34.4 years. The age bracket from 20 to 40 years was the most touched. The blistered eruption was the first reason for consultation; the light with type of burn, intermittent pain prevailed. The lesions healed in one month but there were 28 ulcerated necrotic cases. Post zoster pains have been observed in 33 cases. The localizations were the members in 44 cases (37.29%), the head in 35 cases (29.66%) and the trunk in 40 cases (33.90%). We have observed a case with double localization of herpes zoster. On 65 patients tested for the HIV, 58 (89.2%) were infected. The age bracket from 20 to 40 was the most concerned. A case of corneal necrosis isolated, with blindness and another with an opposed, spasmodic and total hemi paresis were notified. Fourteen patients having an antecedent of herpes zoster were all infected by HIV. Since the pandemic infection by the HIV, the incidence of the herpes zoster increases within the young population. The high frequency of HIV infection among our patients (89.2%) showed that the herpes zoster is closely related to this disease.
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PMID:[Herpes zoster and human imunodeficiency virus in the medical centers of Ouagadougou]. 1909 9

Herpes zoster or shingles is the reactivation of dormant varicella zoster virus (VZV) in the dorsal root ganglia. Segmental motor paresis is rare and only few cases of brachial plexitis have been reported in the literature. This case reports herpes zoster resulting in unilateral brachial plexitis with predominant radial nerve palsy. The patient was treated successfully with aciclovir, gabapentin and physiotherapy with good recovery. Radial neuritis secondary to active herpes zoster has been rarely reported in the past.
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PMID:Herpes zoster brachial plexopathy with predominant radial nerve palsy. 1988 18

A wild-born, 34-yr-old female western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) was transferred between zoologic collections in the United Kingdom. Adjustment to its new environment was difficult and a series of health problems ensued. Progressive severe illness of multiple etiologies, and a failure to respond to multiple therapies, led to its euthanasia 5 mo later. Disease processes included severe thoracic and axillary cutaneous ulceration of T2-3 dermatome distribution, gastroenteritis, ulcerative stomatitis, emaciation, hind limb weakness or paresis, and decubitus ulcers of the ankles and elbows. Ante- and postmortem infectious disease screening revealed that this animal was not infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, simian varicella virus (SVV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), or hepatitis B virus; but was infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV). It is hypothesized that recrudescence of VZV and other disease processes described were associated with chronic STLV infection and the end of a characteristically long incubation period.
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PMID:Debilitating clinical disease in a wild-born captive western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) co-infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV). 2137 Jun 55

Herpes zoster (HZ) infection is a reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus that causes pain and a rash in a dermatomal distribution. Previous reports suggest that 0.5-5% of HZ infections are associated with a myotomal paresis but the incidence may actually be much higher. We present a patient with HZ infection who had persistent right upper extremity weakness after resolution of the rash. Electrodiagnostic studies demonstrated decreased amplitudes in the median and ulnar nerves as well as denervation in the right C8 myotome. Repeat studies showed interval C8 reinnervation as well as normal nerve conduction studies.
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PMID:C8 myotome herpes zoster paresis. 2271 38

We report a 38-year-old man with vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) which showed unusual biphasic worsening. The patient developed mild paresis of left upper and right lower extremities, five weeks after the oral poliovirus vaccination of patient's son and two weeks after the intramuscular injection of mumps/varicella vaccine in the left triceps muscle for himself. Needle electromyography (EMG) of his left arm and right leg was not remarkable, and the weakness recovered almost completely in three weeks. However, four weeks after the needle EMG, severe weakness and muscle atrophy of the four extremities, accentuated at the left arm and right leg, developed again. Cervical MRI showed gadolinium-enhanced, T(2) high-signal intensity area in the left C4-C6 anterior horn, most prominent at the height of C5 spine. Significant elevation of serum anti-poliomyelitis type 2 neutralizing antibody confirmed the diagnosis of VAPP. Immunomodulatory treatment, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), did not improve weakness. We consider that the second clinical worsening of this patient was provoked by the needle EMG performed just after the first exacerbation, which injured the skeletal muscles and might have enhanced the retrograde transport of poliovirus via neural pathway.
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PMID:[Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis showing biphasic motor paresis]. 2306 24


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