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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of host characteristics, production, and 23 veterinary diagnoses on the odds of contracting seven metabolic disorders among 61,124 Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved during 1983. Cows in higher producing herds were at increased risk of parturient paresis, udder edema, and ketosis. Cows that had higher previous yields were at increased risk of parturient and nonparturient paresis and ketosis. All of the metabolic disorders except udder edema were directly interrelated. Dystocia, prolapsed uterus, other infertility, and abortion were not risk factors for any of the seven metabolic disorders; however, retained placenta, early metritis, traumatic reticuloperitonitis, acute and chronic mastitis, and foot or leg injury each were direct risk factors for at least two metabolic disorders.
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PMID:Epidemiology of metabolic disorders in dairy cattle: association among host characteristics, disease, and production. 277 71

An EHV 1 isolate from the Lippizan Stud at Piber, which caused the abortion and paresis outbreak in 1983, was investigated using 3 known subtype 1 and 2 subtype 2 strains for comparison. Broad-scale restriction enzyme analysis as well as cross-neutralization with hyperimmune sera produced in rabbits were performed, and SDS-PAGE of infected cell proteins was conducted on a limited scale. The Piber isolate was clearly classified as a subtype 1 strain of EHV 1, and showed closest resemblance in its restriction patterns with a British EHV 1 strain, which originated from an outbreak with paretic symptoms. A second Piber isolate from the same outbreak examined to limited extent only was practically indistinguishable from the first one, as could have been expected. A thoroughly controlled systematic vaccination program with existing commercial vaccines against EHV 1 should protect the endangered Lippizan horses population against the abortigenic and less certainly against the paretic syndromes caused by this virus. According to data presented, a protection against respiratory disease is less probable.
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PMID:Genomic and antigenic comparison of an equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV 1) isolate from the 1983 Lippizan abortion storm with EHV 1 reference strains. 301 90

The records of 209 women sterilized in the Lillehammer (Norway) county hospital during the period 1980-82 were examined for age, residence, parity, method of operation, induced abortions and frequency of complications. The patients were sent a questionnaire 6 months after the operation and were asked about how long they had felt unable to work after the operation, whether they regretted the operation, and whether they were satisfied with the cosmetic results. 96% of the patients returned the questionnaires. On the average the women had had 2.4 children at the time of sterilization. Those who had received induced abortions at the same time had 2.5 children. Women resident in the city had 2.1 children, those in the country had 2.4 children. None had 6 children. 20% had received abortion simultaneously. Aside from 1 patient who had transitory paresis in the left arm due to faulty padding in a shoulder support, there were no complications noted in the material. 2 patients regretted the operation. Neither of them had had simultaneous abortion. 1 of these had 1 child. Advised to be sterilized because of severe preeclampsia in her 1st pregnancy, she desired more children. The other, who had 4 children, gave decreased libido as the cause for her regret. Of the 177 who had had laparoscopy, only 6 patients (3.5%) said that they were dissatisfied with the appearance of the scar.
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PMID:[Sterilization of women]. 335 13

The effects in goats of the subcutaneous injection of varying doses of Pseudomonas pseudomallei (90 to 500,000 bacilli) suspended in normal saline are described. High doses (greater than or equal to 500 bacilli) caused acute, fatal infections. Lower doses (90 to 225 bacilli) caused acute or chronic disease when infection became established. However, 11 of 18 goats injected with the lower doses of bacilli showed no sign of infection on clinical or bacteriological examination. Response to antibiotic therapy with long acting tetracycline and chloramphenicol was minimal. Goats surviving the initial phase of infection tended to overcome the disease with a corresponding increase in the number of abscesses that were sterile at necropsy. In infected goats, clinical signs included undulating fever, wasting, anorexia, paresis of the hind legs, severe mastitis and abortion. At necropsy, abscesses were found predominantly in the spleen, lungs, subcutaneous injection site and its draining lymph node.
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PMID:Clinical and pathological observations on goats experimentally infected with Pseudomonas pseudomallei. 335 51

Dietary taurine deprivation adversely affects feline pregnancy and is associated with the frequent occurrence of fetal resorption, abortion, stillbirth, and low birthweight of live kittens at term. Taurine-deprived, live-born kittens have a poor postnatal survival rate and grow less well than kittens from taurine-supplemented queens. The postnatal dietary taurine intake of such kittens is reduced if they are nursed by their biologic mothers; the concentration of taurine in milk of taurine-deprived mothers is less than 10% of that in milk from taurine-supplemented queens. Surviving kittens from taurine-deprived mothers exhibit a constellation of neurological abnormalities (abnormal hind leg development, a peculiar gait characterized by excessive abduction and paresis, and thoracic kyphosis readily visible by X-ray). These findings suggest the presence of a developmental cerebellar deficit. Histological examination of the pre- and postnatally taurine-deprived kitten's cerebellum reveals a persistence of the external granule cell layer, which was confirmed by electron-microscopic examination. Numerous mitotic figures are present in the cells in the external granule cell layer of the cerebellum of kittens born from the nursed by taurine-deprived queens, but not in those from taurine-supplemented mothers. These findings suggest a maturational delay.
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PMID:Taurine deficiency in the developing cat: persistence of the cerebellar external granule cell layer. 398 83

Eleven isolates of equine herpesvirus-1 (subtype 1) all infected the brain following intracerebral inoculation of 2 d.o. mice. Most isolates were from cases of paresis, abortion or respiratory disease in the U.K., but established strains were also included. They divided into two subgroups. The 5 less pathogenic isolates were characterized by being restricted predominantly to the olfactory lobes. The 6 pathogenic isolates included the three known to cause equine paresis and were detected in neurones throughout the brain as well as giving rise to viraemia and infecting bronchial and renal epithelium and lymphoid cells in the spleen. Five respiratory isolates of subtype-2 were not recovered from inoculated mice.
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PMID:The pathogenicity in mice of respiratory, abortion and paresis isolates of equine herpesvirus-1. 631 Aug 51

Four Welsh Mountain pony mares at 3 months of gestation and one mare at 5 months were inoculated intranasally with equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1: Ab4 isolate) at doses of 10(5) to 10(6.6) TCID50. All five mares became infected, but no cases of paresis or abortion occurred. On days 8, 9, 11, 12 (3-month-pregnant mares) and 13 (5-month-pregnant mare) after infection, a detailed examination of the pregnant uterus was made. Small numbers of vascular lesions with EHV-1 antigen expression in endothelial cells were present in the uteri of the early gestational mares; thrombi were rare and foci of thromboischaemic damage were not seen. Six pony mares previously inoculated with EHV-1 Ab4 at 9 months of gestation had a significantly greater degree of vascular abnormality than that found in the four mares infected at 3 months of gestation, but the degree of EHV-1 antigen expression and thrombosis in the uterus was similar to that found in the single mare infected when 5 months pregnant.
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PMID:A comparison of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) vascular lesions in the early versus late pregnant equine uterus. 876 81

Ponderosa pine needles cause abortion and a poorly described toxicosis when eaten by cattle. In previous trials, the abortifacient compound of pine needles was identified as isocupressic acid. At abortifacient doses, isocupressic acid caused no other toxicosis. However, other pine needle fractions, similar in composition to several commercially available rosin products, caused no abortion but were very toxic. The purpose of this study was to describe the toxicoses of ponderosa pine, compare its toxicity with other rosin and related pine products, and identify the toxin. Four groups of three pregnant beef cows each were treated with either ponderosa pine tips, rosin gum, dehydroabietic acid, or ground alfalfa. The cows treated with pine tips aborted, had retained placentas with endometritis, and developed both renal and neurologic lesions. The cattle treated with rosin gum or dehydroabietic acid did not abort but developed similar signs and lesions of intoxication. Clinical signs of intoxication included anorexia, mild rumen acidosis, dyspnea, paresis progressing to paralysis, and death. Clinical biochemical results, suggestive of renal, hepatic, and muscular disease, included azotemia, hypercreatinemia, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and marked elevations of various serum enzymes. Histologically, all poisoned animals had nephrosis, vacuolation of basal ganglia neuropil with patchy perivascular and myelinic edema, and skeletal myonecrosis. The alfalfa-treated controls were normal. These findings suggest that ponderosa pine needles and tips are both abortifacient and toxic. Because the lesions caused by pine tips, rosin gum, and dehydroabietic acid are similar, toxicosis is most likely due to the diterpene abietane acids, common in all three.
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PMID:The toxic and abortifacient effects of ponderosa pine. 882 3

Myeloencephalopathy is an uncommon manifestation of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), but it can cause devastating losses during outbreaks on individual farms. Clinical signs of neurologic disease reflect a diffuse multifocal hemorrhagic myeloencephalopathy secondary to vasculitis and thrombosis. Sudden onset and early stabilization of signs, including ataxia, paresis, and urinary incontinence; involvement of multiple horses on the premises; and recent history of fever, abortion, or viral respiratory disease in the affected horse or herdmates are typical features, although there is considerable variation between outbreaks in epidemiologic and clinical findings. Prevention is difficult because many asymptomatic horses are infected latently with EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy and because vaccines do not confer protection against neurologic manifestations of infection. This article reviews the pathogenesis, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy and discusses prevention and control of equine herpesviral infections in the context of their epidemiology.
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PMID:Equine herpesvirus 1 myeloencephalopathy. 910 43

The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a serious cause of fetal mortality in sheep and goats. Oocysts, the parasite stage responsible for initiating infection, are produced following a primary infection in cats. A primary infection in pregnant sheep and goats can establish a placental and fetal infection which may result in fetal death and resorption, abortion or stillbirth. Diagnosis is aided by the clinical picture, the presence of characteristic small white necrotic foci in placental cotyledons, the possible presence of a mummified fetus and on fetal serology and histopathology. Development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for T. gondii may also provide a valuable diagnostic tool. Measures to control abortion include improved management of farm cats, fodder and water. Vaccination of sheep with the live vaccine is an effective preventive measure and the use of decoquinate in feed may be useful in some situations. Neospora caninum is related to T. gondii and while its asexual life cycle is similar to that of the latter it is currently not known whether it has a similar sexual life cycle in a definitive host. Neospora is an important cause of fetal loss in cattle and parallels that of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats. While it does not appear to cause frequent losses in these latter animals, experimental infection is readily induced in them and if initiated during pregnancy provides a very good model of the bovine infection. Furthermore clinical signs and pathological lesions in sheep and goats are similar to those induced in them by T. gondii, although there are subtle histopathological differences. These changes will aid possible diagnosis as will specific serological tests such as the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the PCR. Sarcocystis, which exists as numerous species, undergoes a coccidian-like life cycle with each having a distinctive definitive (usually carnivore) host which excretes sporocysts into the environment. Clinical sarcocystiosis is much less commonly diagnosed than toxoplasmosis and neither is it normally associated with fetal infection or abortion in either sheep or goats. However, infection is extremely common throughout the world and follows ingestion of food or water contaminated with sporocysts. Clinical signs, when seen, include fever, anaemia, inappetance and weight loss or reduced weight gain. Central nervous signs (hind limb weakness, ataxia, paresis), acute myopathy and death may occur. Diagnosis is difficult as infection is so common and clinical signs absent, mild or non-specific. Serology may be useful in some situations and histopathology/immunohistochemistry is valuable for confirming the cause of death. Control relies on preventing contamination of pasture and water with faeces of dogs, foxes and cats or by controlling access of young susceptible stock to contaminated land. Relatively little is known of the immunity induced by infection with Sarcocystis spp. but research indicates that protective immunity does develop and that cell-mediated mechanisms are probably important. It is likely that sarcocystiosis is underdiagnosed as a problem and that better diagnostic methods are needed to show the true extent of the losses caused. Neosporosis on the other hand would appear not to be so common in sheep and goats. The value of experimental infections in these animals may be to provide a comparative model of the infection in cattle in the same way that our understanding of toxoplasmosis in sheep provides a superior model of human toxoplasmosis.
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PMID:Protozoan infections (Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp.) in sheep and goats: recent advances. 968 43


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