Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030552 (paresis)
 5,831 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten football players seen from 1973 through 1977 at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals were found to have clinical and electrodiagnostic evidence of injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus. Each had upper limb paresis following one or more blows to the head or shoulders. The development of persistent weakness often was preceded by burning paresthesias in the upper limb. Our experience suggests that the syndrome of burning paresthesias and subsequent arm weakness frequently is secondary to stretching of the brachial plexus.
JAMA 1979 Apr 06
PMID:Upper trunk brachial plexopathy in football players. 43 Jun 86

Adult patients involved in or threatened by the possibility of committing child abuse may develop acute functional symptoms that result in their seeking emergency medical help. Three cases are presented as examples of this relationship. In two, the functional symptom was paralysis or paresis. In the third, symptoms were more diffuse. Recognition of the association between functional symptoms and child abuse may permit intervention before serious child injury occurs.
JAMA 1977 Mar 14
PMID:Impending child abuse. Psychosomatic symptoms in adults as a clue. 57 43

Multimodal treatment of malignant gliomas is routinely used at New York University Medical Center. Overall, our treatment program has resulted in survival rates of 78% at six months, 51% at one year, and 7% at five years for these high-grade brain tumors. However, various subgroups (based on tumor or host factors, or both) fared significantly better or worse than others. Particularly limited survival rates were found in patients who experienced paresis/paralysis or impaired mental function, who had tumors that were markedly anaplastic, who were elderly, or who for a variety of reasons did not receive the multimodal treatment we consider optimal.
JAMA 1982 Jul 02
PMID:Malignant glioma. Results of combined modality therapy. 708 93

Infusions of 5% albumin and/or dextran 40 in nine patients with acute ischemic neurological deficits reduced mean hematocrit values from 41% to 32%, raised mean central venous pressure from 4 to 12 cm H2O, and reduced mean arterial BP from 101 to 94 mm Hg. Six alert patients had ischemic structural damage on cranial computed tomography. All six alert patients with upper arm paresis objectively improved and two others with only dysphasia also improved within 24 hours after infusion initiation. Although the improvement in two patients seemed to be temporarily dependent on the continuing of the infusion, all eight alert patients were eventually weaned without loss of regained function. This report of neurological improvement during hypervolemic hemodilution suggests that augmentation of collateral perfusion secondary to reduced blood viscosity may rapidly relieve cerebral ischemia, impede infarction, and allow time for compensatory mechanisms to maintain blood flow above ischemic thresholds.
JAMA 1982 Dec 10
PMID:Observations during hypervolemic hemodilution of patients with acute focal cerebral ischemia. 714 73

IMPORTANCE Identifying a procedure to address lower eyelid retraction (LER) in the presence of an orbicularis deficit is a useful tool for aesthetic and reconstructive eyelid surgery. OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate a surgical technique consisting of a closed canthal suspension and true lower eyelid retractor recession to address LER in the setting of orbicularis weakness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A retrospective medical record review of patients who underwent the minimally invasive, orbicularis-sparing, lower eyelid recession from January 1, 2010, to October 1, 2012, by one of us (G.G.M.) in an ophthalmic plastic surgical practice. We included 29 patients with reduced orbicularis strength and LER resulting from eyelid paresis related to facial nerve disease, surgical trauma (after blepharoplasty), involutional change, or idiopathic causes. INTERVENTIONS Surgical intervention consisting of closed canthal suspension and lower eyelid retractor recession. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Surgical results, complications, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS The 29 patients included 18 women and 11 men. The mean patient age was 52 (range, 6-72) years; mean follow-up, 11 (range, 6-21) months; and mean preoperative orbicularis strength, 2.7 (on a scale of 0-4, where 0 indicates no function and 4, normal function). The causes of orbicularis weakness included eyelid paresis related to facial nerve disease (11 patients), surgical trauma (13 patients), involutional change (4 patients), and an isolated idiopathic finding (1 patient). In 12 patients, the eyelid retraction was unilateral; in 17, bilateral. A small tarsorrhaphy was added to the surgery in 6 patients with facial nerve disease. The mean eyelid elevation after surgery was 1.80 mm, with only minor complications. Patient and surgeon satisfaction were high. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Recent publications have demonstrated the utility of closed canthal suspension and true lower eyelid retractor recession as separate procedures. In the setting of LER with reduced orbicularis strength and/or tone, the techniques can be combined to recess the lower eyelid without disturbing the already compromised lower orbicularis muscle (minimally invasive, orbicularis-sparing, lower eyelid recession). The combination technique is safe and effective and yields excellent results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
JAMA Facial Plast Surg
PMID:The minimally invasive, orbicularis-sparing, lower eyelid recession for mild to moderate lower eyelid retraction with reduced orbicularis strength. 2443 16

The search for the causes of medical and psychiatric disorders has gone through 3 historical phases. First, up until the mid-19th century, causes of illness were anecdotally recorded from individual cases, resulting in long and diverse lists for all disorders. Second, in the latter half of the 19th century, with the use of microbiological methods, single causes were found for many infectious diseases that led to specific diagnostic tests, effective preventions, and, in some cases, treatments. Causal thinking in medicine shifted from the earlier multicausal approaches to monocausal theories of etiology. Indeed, proving monocausal etiology became a way to establish the legitimacy of a disorder. Through the writings of Kahlbaum and Hecker, psychiatry was deeply influenced by this monocausal perspective, the importance of which was substantially amplified by a twist of fate: the increasing clinical importance of general paresis of the insane throughout the 19th century and the eventual proof that it too was a monocausal condition. However, in the mid-20th century, the third phase began. With decreasing deaths from infectious diseases, epidemiology and clinical medicine shifted to a chronic disease model in which paradigmatic disorders, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, were shown to be highly multicausal. Biostatistics evolved from deterministic to probabilistic models of disease risk factors. Paradoxically, at this time, biological psychiatry, then rising to dominance in American psychiatry, vigorously pursued monocausal theories, first of neurochemical origin and then of genetic origin. We were trying to establish the legitimacy of our field by pursuing an outmoded model-that "real" diseases are monocausal. Despite ample evidence to the contrary, monocausal thinking continues to influence our field, for example, in the popular but improbable view that we can, with a few key advances, move easily from descriptive to etiologically based diagnoses.
JAMA Psychiatry 2019 Oct 01
PMID:From Many to One to Many-the Search for Causes of Psychiatric Illness. 3121 68