Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four cases of a polyneuropathy associated with pancreatitis and pancreatic pseudocyst formation are reported. Electrophysiological investigation showed the peripheral neuropathy to be predominantly axonal in type. These patients were all seriously ill and many factors may have been involved in the pathogenesis of their neuropathy. They had all received parenteral nutrition and multiple drug therapy including metronidazole, and all had severe sepsis. There was evidence that insufficient vitamin replacement had been given during total parenteral nutrition. It was not possible to decide whether the polyneuropathy resulted from the summation of these factors, is similar to what has been called the polyneuropathy of the critically ill, or is a new association with pancreatic disease.
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PMID:Peripheral neuropathy complicating pancreatitis and major pancreatic surgery. 285 12

A new inherited neuromuscular disease was identified in 4 patients (1 male, 3 females), offspring of consanguineous marriages, belonging to the same kindred. The proband was a 24-year-old female with history of ptosis and ophthalmoplegia since childhood and progressive intestinal pseudo-obstruction for the last 4 years of her life. A sural nerve biopsy showed axonal and demyelinating neuropathy. Muscle biopsies of pectoral and gastrocnemius revealed myopathic alterations with marked variation in muscle fiber size, atrophy of both fiber types and normal mitochondria. An upper gastrointestinal study showed barium in the stomach after 8 h and jejunal diverticula. Tests for absorption of fat, protein, carbohydrate, folic acid and vitamin B12 were normal. Serum levels of vitamin A and lipoproteins were also normal. The patient underwent partial gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy. Postoperatively, she developed severe pancreatitis, sepsis, peritonitis and expired. Tissue samples from the proband and from her brother, revealed normal mucosa, but degeneration of smooth muscle of the stomach and small intestine. The myenteric plexus and vagus nerves were normal. The biochemical studies of contractile proteins (myosin, actin, tropomyosin) in the fresh and cultured smooth muscle cells of the proband obtained at the time of gastrectomy showed a 50-75% decrease in the synthesis of different contractile proteins. Turnover of contractile proteins and synthesis and turnover of collagen showed normal values. The reduction in synthesis of contractile proteins may account for the weak peristalsis and be a factor in the pathogenesis of the intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
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PMID:Inherited ophthalmoplegia with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. 668 98

We reported a case of motor neuropathy with pyramidal sign following prolonged administration of a high dose of muscle relaxant, pancuronium bromide (Myoblock). A 40-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with acute episode of pancreatitis. He was treated with artificial ventilation and Myoblock to manage delirious state, disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure. Total dose of 823 mg (24 mg/day) of Myoblock was given intravenously over 36 days. After Myoblock was discontinued, he regained his consciousness and marked muscle weakness with atrophy was noted in both limbs, more severe in distal lower limbs, without any noticeable sensory and sphincter disturbances. Motor nerve conduction studies showed normal nerve conduction velocities with markedly decreased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials. Repetitive nerve stimulation studies revealed decrement response after tetanic stimulation, which disappeared later. Needle EMG showed active denervation potentials and marked polyphasic motor unit potentials. Muscle biopsy revealed neurogenic muscle atrophy with fragmented acetylcholine esterase-positive postsynaptic sites. Sural nerve biopsy showed slight to moderate degree of axonal degeneration of myelinated fibers. Clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological studies above indicated that the main affected sites were neuromuscular junctions including the terminal twigs of motor neurones and postsynaptic membrane, and pyramidal tracts, predominant in lower limbs. About one month after the recognition of the muscle weakness, his muscle strength improved gradually, however, spasticity with hyperreflexia and pathologic reflexes of both legs were found, and became more prominent thereafter. Intensive physiotherapy and rehabilitation led improvement to the point that he became able to ambulate with walking-aids about 7 months later, but marked spasticity persisted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of motor neuropathy with pyramidal sign due to prolonged administration of high dose of pancuronium bromide (Myoblock)]. 840 81

A severe myelopathy was observed in a 9-year-old neutered male cat with a clinical history of chronic pancreatitis associated with deficiency of serum cobalamin and folates concentrations, and progressive spinal ataxia. The spinal cord lesions mainly involved the dorsal columns of the caudal cervical and cervico-thoracic segments, and were characterized by diffuse vacuolated myelin sheaths and axonal degeneration, marked gliosis, fibrosis and presence of gitter cells. The pancreas showed severe atrophy of the exocrine tissue, periductular fibrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, consistent with chronic interstitial pancreatitis. This condition can be accountable for cobalamin deficiency, as the pancreas is the only source of intrinsic factor in cats. The spinal cord lesions in the cat of this report resembled the subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord described in human beings with cobalamin deficiency and hence a similar pathogenetic mechanism is hypothesized.
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PMID:Degenerative myelopathy associated with cobalamin deficiency in a cat. 1288 21

Abdominal pain is a major reason patients seek medical attention yet relatively little is known about neuronal pathways relaying visceral pain. We have previously characterized pathways transmitting information to the brain about visceral pain. Visceral pain arises from second order neurons in lamina X surrounding the spinal cord central canal. Some of the brain regions of interest receiving axonal terminations directly from lamina X were examined in the present study using enhanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before and one week after induction of a rat pancreatitis model with persistent inflammation and behavioral signs of increased nociception. Analysis of imaging data demonstrates an increase in MRI signal for all the regions of interest selected including the rostral ventromedial medulla, dorsal raphe, periaqueductal grey, medial thalamus, and central amygdala as predicted by the anatomical data, as well as increases in the lateral thalamus, cingulate/retrosplenial and parietal cortex. Occipital cortex was not activated above threshold in any condition and served as a negative control. Morphine attenuated the MRI signal, and the morphine effect was antagonized by naloxone in lower brainstem sites. These data confirm activation of these specific regions of interest known as integration sites for nociceptive information important in behavioral, affective, emotional and autonomic responses to ongoing noxious visceral activation.
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PMID:fMRI of supraspinal areas after morphine and one week pancreatic inflammation in rats. 1872 38

Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), anti PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) and PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein-ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies are emerging as standard oncology treatments in various tumor types. The indications will expand as immunotherapies are being investigated in various tumors with promising results. Currently, there is inadequate identification of predictive biomarkers of response or toxicity. Unique response patterns include pseudoprogression and delayed response. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit an unique toxicity profile, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The most notable immune reactions are noted in skin (rash), gastrointestinal track (colitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis), lung (pneumonitis), heart (myocarditis), and endocrine system (thyroiditis, hypophysitis). We present a patient with metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left submandibular gland with granulomatous inflammation of the lacrimal glands and axonal neuritis of the cervical and paraspinal nerves following treatment with ipilimumab and radiation therapy.
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PMID:Autoimmune Granulomatous Inflammation of Lacrimal Glands and Axonal Neuritis Following Treatment With Ipilimumab and Radiation Therapy. 2978 23