Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is increasingly used to treat patients with cancers refractory to conventional treatment. Flu-like syndromes are extremely frequent but usually mild. A variety of skin complications (mostly erythema and mucositis) have been reported. Life-threatening skin reactions have also been described. Acute reactivation of psoriasis can also occur. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions have so far not been described, but IL-2 treatment has been shown to predispose to acute hypersensitivity reactions to iodine-containing contrast media. Hypothyroidism is the major endocrine complication and antithyroid antibodies have been detected in approximately 50% of patients. Neurological and psychiatric disturbances with moderate or severe mental status changes are common and sometimes treatment-limiting. The occurrence of peritumoural oedema in patients with brain metastases can also be a major practical problem. Musculoskeletal disorders are transient and resolve spontaneously. The vascular leak syndrome is the most frequent and severe complication of IL-2 of which weight gain, generalised oedema, hypotension and impaired renal function are the main features. Even though a damaging effect on vascular endothelium cells by various cytokines released by activated lymphoid cells or mediated by non-lymphocyte-dependent factors has been proposed to be involved, the mechanism remains unclear. Other cardiovascular injuries, possibly life-threatening, including myocarditis, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, can occur during the first days of treatment. Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common rhythmic disorder. Decreases in myocardial contractility and haemodynamic pattern similar to those of septic shock have been encountered in most cases. Acute renal dysfunction is common but resolves with symptomatic management. Intrahepatic cholestasis with hyperbilirubinaemia is observed in most patients but permanent liver damage has not been described. Several cases of pancreatitis have been reported. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia are frequent and occur in most if not all patients. Some data suggest a high incidence of infectious complications, particularly in patients with surgically tunnelled catheters, but marked flu-like syndromes may be confounding. Finally, death directly related to IL-2 treatment has been noted in less than 1% of all patients. Investigations are under way to minimise IL-2 toxicity with varying dose regimens and combined treatments.
 ...
PMID:Clinical toxicity of interleukin-2. 141 98

We demonstrated that the dynamic aspects of cytokine production in rat acute pancreatitis, which was induced by cerulein and aggravated by subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. A priming effect by induction of mild pancreatitis with cerulein enhanced the subsequent cytokine production by LPS injection. Alternatively, after induction of severe pancreatitis with cerulein and LPS, cytokine production was markedly suppressed for > or = 90 hours. Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) by splenocytes decreased, and mortality rate after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) increased significantly after induction of severe acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that the suppression of a cytokine response in severe acute pancreatitis may alter the defense system and, as a result, increase mortality after CLP.
 ...
PMID:Altered cytokine response in rat acute pancreatitis complicated with endotoxemia. 1113 68

Rhabdomyolysis is an unusual complication of chemotherapy that can lead to substantial morbidity through such complications as renal failure, infections, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The syndrome has been described after treatment with cyclophosphamide, 5-azacytidine, interleukin-2, and interferon and after bone marrow transplantation. We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed fulminant rhabdomyolysis after treatment with a cytarabine-containing regimen. The syndrome was complicated by acute renal failure requiring hemodyalisis, respiratory insufficiency, and pancreatitis. We suggest that the muscle damage might be related to the known ability of cytarabine to trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria, which could lead to uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation with subsequent depletion of ATP reserves at the skeletal muscle and rhabdomyolysis.
 ...
PMID:Acute rhabdomyolysis as a complication of cytarabine chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: case report and review of literature. 1221 Aug 15

Twenty-nine patients with acute destructive pancreatitis received combined therapy including recombinant interleukin-2 (ronkoleukin). Treatment with this interleukin led to a decrease of hypercytokinemia, reduced rate of purulent -- septic complications and surgical operations because of these complications.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of acute destructive pancreatitis with recombinant interleukin-2]. 1600 19