Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal clearances of amylase isoenzymes, expressed as percentages of creatinine clearances, were determined in 20 normal subjects and in 8 patients with acute pancreatitis. The isoenzyme assay employed thin layer isoelectric focusing, starch iodine staining, and densitometry. Normal clearance of pancreatic-like amylase (mean +/- SE: 3.00 +/- 0.40%) was greater than the clearance of salivary-like amylase (0.51 +/- 0.06%) in ea ch individual (P less than 0.001). However, the amount of pancreatic amylase in the serum was not the major determinant of amylase clearance. Normal clearance of pancreatic-like amylase was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than the clearance of total serum amylase in acute pancreatitis (6.49 +/- 1.07%). In pancreatitis the clearance of pancreatic-like amylase (7.29 +/- 1.19%) and the clearance of salivary-like amylase (4.55 +/- 1.02%) were both elevated compared to normal (P less than 0.001). These findings indicate that the increased clearance of amylase in pancreatitis results from a change in renal function rather than a change in serum amylase. Renal changes not reflected by increased serum creatinine or more than mild proteinuria may be manifestations of the systemic toxicity of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Amylase isoenzyme clearances in normal subjects and in patients with acute pancreatitis. 95 45

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is increasingly used to treat patients with cancers refractory to conventional treatment. Flu-like syndromes are extremely frequent but usually mild. A variety of skin complications (mostly erythema and mucositis) have been reported. Life-threatening skin reactions have also been described. Acute reactivation of psoriasis can also occur. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions have so far not been described, but IL-2 treatment has been shown to predispose to acute hypersensitivity reactions to iodine-containing contrast media. Hypothyroidism is the major endocrine complication and antithyroid antibodies have been detected in approximately 50% of patients. Neurological and psychiatric disturbances with moderate or severe mental status changes are common and sometimes treatment-limiting. The occurrence of peritumoural oedema in patients with brain metastases can also be a major practical problem. Musculoskeletal disorders are transient and resolve spontaneously. The vascular leak syndrome is the most frequent and severe complication of IL-2 of which weight gain, generalised oedema, hypotension and impaired renal function are the main features. Even though a damaging effect on vascular endothelium cells by various cytokines released by activated lymphoid cells or mediated by non-lymphocyte-dependent factors has been proposed to be involved, the mechanism remains unclear. Other cardiovascular injuries, possibly life-threatening, including myocarditis, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, can occur during the first days of treatment. Supraventricular arrhythmias are the most common rhythmic disorder. Decreases in myocardial contractility and haemodynamic pattern similar to those of septic shock have been encountered in most cases. Acute renal dysfunction is common but resolves with symptomatic management. Intrahepatic cholestasis with hyperbilirubinaemia is observed in most patients but permanent liver damage has not been described. Several cases of pancreatitis have been reported. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophilia are frequent and occur in most if not all patients. Some data suggest a high incidence of infectious complications, particularly in patients with surgically tunnelled catheters, but marked flu-like syndromes may be confounding. Finally, death directly related to IL-2 treatment has been noted in less than 1% of all patients. Investigations are under way to minimise IL-2 toxicity with varying dose regimens and combined treatments.
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PMID:Clinical toxicity of interleukin-2. 141 98

A 25-year-old Japanese woman experienced pulmonary edema, shock, encephalopathy and silent pancreatitis after hysterosalpingography using lipiodol ultra fluid, because the contrast media flowed directly into the blood stream from endometrium injured by several curettages for termination of pregnancy. Total iodine concentrations in plasma and urine decreased exponentially and their half-life was 16.12 and 13.04 days, respectively. Clear correlations were observed between the iodine concentration in plasma and the amelioration of both electroencephalogram and neuropsychic abnormalities. Adverse reactions of oil-soluble contrast media are also discussed.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to lipiodol ultra fluid: report of an accidental case. 165 63

In the years before 1981, the mortality of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was about 70%. By better timing of surgery and intra- as well as postoperative rinsing with povidone-iodine mortality could be lowered to 50%. Leaving the peritoneal cavity open enables easy surgical access to further septic complications. In 10 patients with conservative closure of the abdominal wall five patients died. In seven patients whose abdominal wall was left open and the pancreatic space packed, with the possibility of endoscopic removal of further necroses, only one patient died.
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PMID:The treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis, using a mediastinoscope postoperatively and antiseptic rinses. 286 Jan 82

To evaluate, wether a new non-ionic contrast medium decreases the complication rate of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP), we performed a prospective randomized study in 46 indoor patients with suspected pancreatic or bile duct related disease. The low-osmolar low-viscosity non-ionic Iopromid (Ultravist, n = 15), the low-viscosity high-osmolar Ioglicinate (Rayvist, n = 18), and the conventional dissociable high-viscosity Ioxaglinate (Heaxbrix, n = 13), each presenting a iodine content of 300-320 mg/ml were compared. All three contrast solutions gave excellent imaging of pancreatic and bile ducts. No complications, particularly no pancreatitis were observed. Hexabrix caused significant elevations of gamma-GT from 126 U/l to 178 U/l and mof lipase from 144 U/l to 418 U/l (p less than 0.01), respectively. Following Rayvist or Ultravist injections, no significant changes of the leucocytes, SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GT, AP, lipase and amylase were observed. We conclude that ERCP performed by skilled investigators is a low risk procedure. Selection of suitable contrast media may diminish hepatotoxic and pancreatotoxic side effects. According to our results, we recommend low-viscosity contrast media (Rayvist, Ultravist). The presumed benefit of the non-ionic solution (Ultravist) could not be demonstrated.
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PMID:[ERCP: which contrast medium is suitable?]. 304 45

Serial serum amylase and blood glucose levels were measured in 68 hypothermic (rectal temperature 35 degrees C or less) patients, including 15 who had hypothermic myxoedema (serum protein bound iodine 3.5 mug/100 ml or less). Raised amylase levels were found in 34 patients and probably reflected a mild acute pancreatitis. The high amylase levels correlated with low arterial PO(2) levels and significantly with high arterial PCO(2) levels and the base deficit but not with the severity or duration of the hypothermia. The acute pancreatitis does not explain why hypothermic patients with myxoedema have a poorer prognosis than those who are euthyroid. The pancreatitis occasionally contributed to the development, sometimes delayed, of diabetic ketoacidosis, blood glucose levels of over 120 mg/100 ml being found in 20 patients. There was a significant correlation between the raised serum amylase levels and the hyperglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia, sometimes profound, was found in 12 patients.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis and diabetic ketoacidosis in accidental hypothermia and hypothermic myxoedema. 412 1

Serum alpha-amylase isozymes were separated into three major isozymes by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing and detected by a starch-iodine zymogram procedure. Of the three groups of isozymes, one (S isozyme) corresponded to a salivary specific form, one (P isozyme) to a pancreatic specific form and the third (SP isozyme) to isozymes of similar isoelectric point common to both secretions. The levels of total alpha-amylase and of these three isozymes were estimated in the sera of 54 patients with mumps. Total alpha-amylase and salivary isozyme concentrations were greatly increased in the sera of all patients compared with controls. Pancreatic isozyme concentrations however, were only slightly increased and did not correlate with clinical pancreatitis. Indeed, in patients with mumps associated with pancreatitis, meningoencephalitis or orchitis, levels of total serum amylase, although higher than controls, were lower than levels in patients who presented solely with mumps sialadenitis.
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PMID:Serum alpha-amylase isozymes in mumps: estimation of salivary and pancreatic isozymes by isoelectric focusing. 616 82

Twelve patients with biopsy-proven clinically localized ductal pancreatic cancers (less than 7 cm in greatest diameter) judged unsuitable for resection were treated by bypass surgery, an Iodine-125 implant (20-39 mCi), and postoperative irradiation (4000-4500 rads). The potential problems of significant bleeding, pancreatic fistula, or pancreatitis were not experienced. A local recurrence developed in one patient and two recurred in regional lymph nodes. The projected median survival of the group is 11 months with four of the 12 patients still surviving. For purposes of comparison all patients with pancreatic ductal carcinoma treated by radical resection during a similar time were evaluated. All ten have died with a median survival of six months. Twelve of 22 (55%) of the combined implanted and resected groups have developed distant metastasis. Further pursuit of intraoperative techniques of irradiation in combination with adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy seems indicated in an attempt to prolong patient survival which is now limited by hematogenous metastases.
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PMID:Iodine-125 implant and external beam irradiation in patients with localized pancreatic carcinoma: a comparative study to surgical resection. 624 74

Several recent studies have confirmed the pathogenic effect of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia (type IV) on atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism involved in these hypertriglyceridaemias is constantly improving. Iatrogenic hypertriglyceridaemia can be caused by several classes of drugs including synthetic oestrogens, especially the oestrogen-progesterone contraceptives, and to a lesser extent natural oestrogens taken orally as replacement treatment during menopause, certain hypotensive drugs (non-cardioselective beta-blockers and thiazidic diuretics), corticosteroids, retinoids, cyclosporine, enzyme inductors and iodine produces (by iodine-induced hypothyroidism). All these situations should be recognized and when high lipid levels are observed treatment protocols should be modified or interrupted. Whether associated with a rise or a fall in cholesterol-LDL, such conditions should always taken into consideration due to the increased risk of atherosclerosis, thrombosis or even acute or subacute pancreatitis.
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PMID:[Iatrogenic hypertriglyceridemia]. 876 85

Although a reduction in peripheral lymphocytes has been reported in clinical cases of acute pancreatitis, the thymic change remains still unknown. To investigate impairment of cellular immunity in acute pancreatitis, alterations of the thymus in rats with acute pancreatitis were examined experimentally. Male Wistar rats were used. Two groups with pancreatitis of different severity and a control group for each were established. The thymus was weighed and the number of thymocytes counted. Apoptosis in the thymus was examined by in situ nick-end labeling, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, and cell cycle analysis using propidium iodide. Both thymus weight and number of thymocytes decreased significantly in the rats with necrotizing pancreatitis 20 h after induction of pancreatitis (P <0.02 vs sham operation). Neither thymus atrophy nor thymocyte reduction was observed in rats with edematous pancreatitis. In thymuses from rats with necrotizing pancreatitis, in situ nick-end labeling showed a significant increase in apoptotic changes of thymocytes, which was also confirmed by the stepladder pattern on agarose gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA and by cell cycle analysis. It is concluded that thymus atrophy associated with apoptosis occurs in rats with necrotizing pancreatitis.
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PMID:Thymic atrophy caused by thymocyte apoptosis in experimental severe acute pancreatitis. 973 25


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