Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the contribution of peritoneal absorption of enzyme-rich exudate to the persistent elevation of serum amylase in bile-induced pancreatitis in dogs, serum amylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) levels were measured during 24 h after induction of pancreatitis with and without peritoneal lavage. The basal level of serum amylase activity (m +/- s.e. = 1291 +/- 111 U/L) reached a plateau at 30 min (2688 +/- 185) after induction of pancreatitis and continued to rise until 24 h (7201 +/- 424). This persistent amylase elevation could be reduced significantly by peritoneal lavage. Serum IRT rose to a peak (378 +/- 103 ng/mL) at 30 min from the basal (20 +/- 5), then decreased until 3 h (211 +/- 34) and maintained a consistent level thereafter. Serum lipase elevation took an intermediate course between the levels of serum amylase and IRT. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL pancreatic juice could reproduce similar elevations to those of the respective enzymes, except lipase, seen in pancreatitis. These results suggest that transperitoneal absorption of pancreatic enzymes contributes to the elevation in serum enzymes levels and that rates of peritoneal absorption and serum disappearance differ from enzyme to enzyme.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal absorption of pancreatic enzymes in bile-induced acute pancreatitis in dogs. 171 30

Forty-four patients undergoing single-stage surgery for scoliosis were monitored for biochemical and clinical evidence of pancreatitis. Six patients (14%) developed elevation of both serum amylase and lipase levels. Four of these had symptoms or signs suggestive of pancreatitis. Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly higher in the group with pancreatitis. No significant differences were noted with regard to age, surgical technique, degree of initial or residual deformity, or length of surgery. The patients with pancreatitis required a longer average period of fasting time. Patients with prolonged ileus or abdominal pain after scoliosis surgery should be investigated for possible pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatitis following scoliosis surgery in children and young adults. 171 7

Because of observations that patients with acute episodes of alcoholic pancreatitis had high serum lipase levels whereas patients with gall stone pancreatitis had high serum amylase levels, a prospective study was undertaken to determine whether the ratio of serum lipase to serum amylase, a newly computed ratio, would discriminate between acute episodes of alcoholic and nonalcoholic pancreatitis. In phase one, 30 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were entered into the study and divided into groups A and B. Patients with renal failure were excluded from the study. Group A consisted of 20 patients in whom the etiology of pancreatitis was alcohol. Group B consisted of 10 patients whose pancreatitis was nonalcoholic in etiology (predominantly gallstones). Serum lipase values in group A ranged 492 to 25,706 U/L (median, 3433 U/L) and in group B from 711 to 31,153 U/L (median, 1260 U/L). These differences were not significant statistically. Serum amylase values in group A ranged from 104 to 2985 U/L (median, 331 U/L) and in group B from 423 to 13,000 (median, 1187 U/L). Although these figures were statistically different (P less than 0.005), there was a considerable degree of overlap in the values between the two groups. The lipase/amylase ratio calculated from the blood sample obtained at presentation appeared to be a promising discriminatory index. The lipase/amylase ratio was calculated by using the amylase and lipase levels expressed as multiples of the upper limit of normal in each case. The lipase/amylase ratios in the alcoholic group ranged from 2.2 to 14.8, whereas the lipase/amylase ratio in nonalcoholic pancreatitis ranged from 0.31 to 1.93. These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.005). A lipase/amylase ratio of greater than 2 was indicative of an alcoholic etiology, and a ratio of less than 2 suggested that the pancreatitis was nonalcoholic in nature. In phase two, this lipase/amylase ratio of 2 was applied prospectively to an unselected population of 21 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis. Thirteen patients had a lipase/amylase ratio of greater than 2; in 11 of them, the etiology of the pancreatitis was alcohol. Eight patients had a lipase/amylase ratio of less than 2; of them, only 1 patient had an alcoholic etiology for the pancreatitis. These differences were statistically significant (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Lipase/amylase ratio. A new index that distinguishes acute episodes of alcoholic from nonalcoholic acute pancreatitis. 137 46

Despite the proposal that somatostatin or its stable analogue, octreotide (SMS-201,995), may exert an ameliorating effect on acute pancreatitis, data concerning its beneficial effect in this situation are conflicting. This study examines the effects of octreotide on acute pancreatitis, resulting from the retrograde injection of a bile salt (taurocholate) plus saturating trypsin into the common bile-pancreatic duct of the rat. Octreotide given before the induction of pancreatitis significantly reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, ascites amylase concentration, degree of leukocyte infiltration, and focal areas of pancreatic tissue necrosis. In contrast, administration of octreotide as soon as 5 min following induction had no demonstrable ameliorating effects on the pancreatitis. These results indicate that octreotide may have application to prophylaxis of acute pancreatitis in cases where bile salts may play a role in pathogenesis, but may not be beneficial in established acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:A somatostatin analogue is protective against retrograde bile salt-induced pancreatitis in the rat. 171 27

Acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate (Na-Tc) directly into the common biliopancreatic duct in rats. In control group 0.9% NaCl was used. The activity of serum lipase and amylase distinctly increased at 3 h and went up to the maximum at 12 h after injection of Na-Tc. The pancreatic blood flow and tissue perfusion per gram increased apparently at 1 h and decreased at 12 h after injection of Na-Tc by using the fractional indicator distribution technique with 86RbCl. The results demonstrated that the early stage of acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis induced by Na-Tc in rats was still a primary inflammatory response.
 ...
PMID:[Determination of pancreatic blood flow at the early stage of acute haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis induced by sodium taurocholate in rats]. 172 62

Thirty-four patients with chronic calcified pancreatitis were evaluated clinically and biochemically (at a time when painful relapses were not present) every 9 mo for 3 yr; 25 of them were also studied at 4 and 9 yr. Serum elastase-1, trypsin, lipase, and amylase in the same sera were measured at each visit; levels on entry and variations during the study were compared with the clinical and functional data of the patients. On entry, low levels of elastase-1 were found in 11.7% of the patients, high levels in 41.1%; in contrast, high levels of trypsin and lipase were found in only a small number of patients (5.8 and 11.7%, respectively), whereas low levels were present in a substantial number (47.8 and 32.3% for trypsin and lipase, respectively). Over time, we found a significant (p = 0.000002) reduction in elastase-1 levels. Such reduction was not found for trypsin, lipase, or amylase. The reduction of serum elastase-1 was significantly (p less than 0.003) more frequent in patients presenting a reduction in painful relapses than in patients with a stable or increased attach rate; this association was weaker (p less than 0.05) for lipase and trypsin, and absent for amylase. No correlation was found between circulating enzymes and either alcohol consumption or age of patients. In patients with severe exocrine impairment, low levels of elastase were found in only 20% of the cases, whereas trypsin and lipase were reduced in 73.3 and 53.3% of the cases, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Variations in time of serum pancreatic enzyme levels in chronic pancreatitis and clinical course of the disease. 172 59

In the present study we investigated the therapeutic action of antithrombin III (AT III) in taurocholate-induced experimental pancreatitis with high lethality in rats. High-dose AT III treatment greatly improved the survival rate not only when given as pretreatment but also when given 2 hr after induction. No favorable effect on survival rate was observed on administration after 5 hr. Both intravascular and intraperitoneal AT III administration locally restored decreased AT III levels in the peritoneal cavity and increased plasma AT III to supranormal levels. The primary pancreatic insult seemed to be unaffected by the treatment, because neither the rise in plasma lipase nor the development of ascites or the extension of the pancreatic necrosis were diminished. Because heparin pretreatment of the rats was also effective, the mechanism of the beneficial action was probably mediated by inhibition of the proteases of the coagulation cascade, thereby preventing intravascular coagulation in the pancreas and distant organs and subsequent systemic complications. The high efficacy of AT III treatment in this experimental model may stimulate clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of AT III treatment in an early stage of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of antithrombin III in acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. 173 47

The present study investigates the effect of CCK-receptor blockade on taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats using the potent antagonist loxiglumide. Intraperitoneal administration (50 mg/kg) of loxiglumide began 3 h before, or 10 min or 3 h after induction of pancreatitis. Mean survival times of the experimental groups were 31.2, 23.6, and 20.5 h, respectively, compared to 18.2 h for controls. Survival for 24 h after induction of pancreatitis was significantly improved when the antagonist was given 3 h before, but not in the time periods after induction. After 72 h, survival time was not significantly altered in any of the groups. Furthermore, amylase and lipase levels quantified 10 h after induction of pancreatitis in ascites, blood, or tissue did not indicate a significant difference, nor was improvement in survival seen when the CCK-antagonist was tested in rats receiving a basal treatment with intravenous volume substitution, peritoneal lavage, and protease inhibition. We conclude that CCK-receptor blockade does not improve the final outcome of bile-induced pancreatitis in the rat, even if treatment is started before induction of pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Influence of the CCK-antagonist loxiglumide on bile-induced experimental pancreatitis. 175 32

The purpose of this study was to assess the involvement of oxygen radicals in acute edematous and hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by the CCK-analogue cerulein (5 micrograms/kg/h) and by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate for 30 min, 3.5 h, and 12 h. At the end of the infusion and observation time, serum enzymes, conjugated dienes, and malondialdehyde in the tissue were measured. Moreover, the tissue samples underwent light microscopical examination. In cerulein pancreatitis, an interstitial edema and intravascular margination of granulocytes in the pancreatic gland were observed after 3.5 h. After 12 h, the histological evaluation revealed a pronounced zymogen degranulation, extensive tissue necrosis and migration of granulocytes into the tissue. Parallelly, amylase and lipase increased by 15 and 35 times, respectively. In contrast, conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde increased in cerulein pancreatitis and reached their highest level after 3.5 h and decreased to normal levels after 12 h. The development of the histological damages and serum enzyme levels with sodium taurocholate pancreatitis was similar as compared to the cerulein pancreatitis, however, the development was faster and more traumatic. Already after 3.5 h an extensive zymogen degranulation and cell necrosis was observed. Concomitantly, the amylase and lipase levels increased by 90 and 30 times, respectively. Treatment with superoxide dismutase (100,000 U/kg/h) and catalase (400,000 U/kg/h) prevented lipid peroxidation and reduced zymogen degranulation and tissue necrosis. Tissue edema and inflammatory response were not affected in both models of acute pancreatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The involvement of oxygen radicals in acute pancreatitis. 179 75

In order to examine the toxic effects on the pancreas of oxygen free radicals which are generated at reperfusion after ischemia, a short term-ischemia/reperfusion model was prepared in rats. Both the anterior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery were ligated and then released to restore blood flow. In a group where the anterior mesenteric and the celiac arteries were ligated for 60 minutes, the serum levels of amylase and lipase rose 7 and 6 times, respectively, 7 hours after reperfusion. In a group ligated for 30 minutes, both levels remained unchanged. Histologically, vacuolization of the pancreatic acinar cells was observed, only in a group rats ischemic for 7 hours. In rats ligated for 60 minutes with a continuous venous infusion of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (3600 U/Kg/hour), the secretion of amylase and lipase decreased to 25 percent of that in the non-injected group. These results confirm that the oxygen free radicals, which are generated by the short term-ischemia/reperfusion method, injure the pancreas. This may lead to pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia. Pretreatment with an active oxygen scavenger, SOD, markedly reduces the rise in serum amylase and lipase levels. This suggests that active oxygen free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of short-term-ischemia and reperfusion on the rat pancreas]. 182 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>