Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) have been used in this study to investigate the morphology, nature, and arrangement of major, minor, and trace elements in human pancreatic calculi (PC) obtained from patients with alcoholic and tropical pancreatitis. The present study has confirmed previous observations that PC are rich in CaCO3 (as calcite) and many other elements. Further, we have shown for the first time that the amorphous nidus contained only iron, chromium, and nickel, whereas the outer shell contained calcium and 17 other elements. Based on our studies, we postulate the formation of PC to be taking place in multilayers and multistages. Formation of inner protein nidus in the form of a cobweb is the first stage, then calcite is deposited on this fibrous network as tiny crystals. Because of their high surface area and high surface activity, other metallic ions are incorporated onto it through co-precipitation, adsorption, and/or lattice substitution. This study has further shown that irrespective of the etiology for chronic pancreatitis, the structure and composition of PC are the same suggesting a common pathway for lithogenesis in the pancreatic duct.
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PMID:Ultrastructure and elemental composition of human pancreatic calculi. 362 20

Micronutrients are defined as those compounds necessary for the adequate physiological status of the organism and that may be administered through the daily diet either enteral or parenteral. The term micronutrient encompasses the vitamins and oligoelements, also termed trace elements. Vitamins cannot be synthesized by the organism and are categorized in two groups: water-soluble vitamins (the vitamin B group, C, folic acid, and biotin) and lipid-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Oligoelements are found in small amounts in the human body, and copper, cobalt, chrome, iron, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, and zinc are considered to be essential. The important role of micronutrients in critically-ill patients has been demonstrated, and their influence on the immune system, cancer, burnt, septic, and poly-traumatized patients has extensively been put in evidence. It is important to establish the micronutrients demands for each individual in order to achieve an adequate intake. However, there is little evidence on the necessary intake to achieve proper physiological functioning under different pathologies; therefore, studies bringing light to this situation are needed. The aim of this review is to update the current state of knowledge on micronutrients supplementation in the adult population with pathologies such as cancer, coronary and cardiovascular disease, bowel inflammatory disease, short-bowel syndrome, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, renal failure, respiratory failure, the surgical patient, big-burnt patient, pancreatitis, poly-traumatized patients, sepsis and HIV. After the bibliographical search, we describe the current state of knowledge regarding micronutrients intake in artificial nutrition under the above-mentioned pathologies.
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PMID:[Advances in the knowledge of the use of micronutrients in artificial nutrition]. 2151 28