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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fat necrosis has been found to be associated with many forms of pancreatitis, carcinoma of the pancreas and pancreatic trauma. The causative agents seem to be pancreatic lipase and colipase, which presumably escape from the pancreas during the development of the disease. The precise mechanism by which these factors attack the adipose tissue, leading to the formation of foci of fat necrosis, is not known. The pathologic finding of fat necrosis is not restricted to the peritoneal-retroperitoneal region, where a direct contact with these factors is the most likely cause. In other patients, fat necrosis involves peripheral tissues, notably in subcutaneous adipose tissue throughout the body, in joints of the hand and foot and in bone marrow. This is associated with additional complications dependent upon the sites involved and is manifested as skin lesions, polyarthritis and osteolytic defects in patients who sometime suffer from a primary pancreatic disease.
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PMID:Fat necrosis. 43 96

A rapid and highly reproducible turbidimetric method for the determination of serum pancreatic lipase activity in the dog is described. Values of 0 to 50 IU/L of serum were obtained in 35 healthy mature dogs, and the maximum values of 325 to 800 IU/L were observed in 8 dogs with induced pancreatitis.
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PMID:Rapid turbidimetric determination of serum pancreatic lipase in the dog. 62 65

Serum values of amylase and pancreatic lipase were determined by the iodometric and the turbidimetric methods, respectively, in 44 mature healthy dogs and in 8 dogs with experimentally induced pancreatitis (plus 1 sham-operated control). Serum value of amylase in mature healthy dogs varied from 250 to 1,500 Caraway units/dl and that of pancreatic lipase varied from 0 to 50 IU/L. Maximal serum values of amylase and pancreatic lipase in the dogs with experimentally induced pancreatitis varied from 4,540 to 14,000 Caraway units/dl and 325 to 810 IU/L, respectively. Following pancreatic damage, serum values of amylase and pancreatic lipase increased rapidly in the 8 dogs and ran parallel to each other in 6 of the 8 dogs studied. However, the serum value of amylase returned to within normal range earlier than the serum value of pancreatic lipase in 2 dogs; the reverse was true in 2 other dogs.
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PMID:Serum values of amylase and pancreatic lipase in healthy mature dogs and dogs with experimental pancreatitis. 66 93

Immunologic evaluation of a patient with pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, pleuritis, pericarditis and synovitis is presented. The previously recognized syndrome of pancreatic disease, subcutaneous fat necrosis and arthritis is reviewed. Based on analysis of all the cases described in the English language literature it is suggested that this syndrome be expanded to include polyserositis rather than arthritis alone. Although experimental and clinical evidence tends to implicate physiocochemical tissue injury by pancreatic lipase as the primary pathogenic mechanism in this syndrome, studies in our patient suggest the possible contribution of immune-mediated injury. Supporting data include eosinophilia, biopsy demonstration of vasculitis antedating the subcutaneous fat necrosis, immunofluorescent identification of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and C3 in the pleura, and reduced levels of total hemolytic complement in the serum, and pleural and pericardial effusions.
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PMID:Syndrome and pancreatic disease, subcutaneous fat necrosis and polyserositis. Case report and review of literature. 109 Jan 61

The elements of the mechanized fluorometric lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) assay of Fleisher and Schwartz [Clin. Chem. 17, 417 (1971)] were made optimum; a manual adaptation was also developed. Hydrolysis of the monodecanoyl fluorescein substrate by hog pancreatic lipase is a zero-order reaction. The hydrolytic activity of normal human serum, serum from hospitalized patients without pancreatitis, and serum from patients with acute pancreatitis showed considerable overlap. Bile salts, considered activators in titrimetric or turbidimetric lipase assays, inhibited hydrolysis of the substrate by human serum. We conclude that monodecanoyl fluorescein is not a specific substrate for the serum lipase measured in acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Fluorometric serum lipase assay: evaluation of monodecanoyl fluorescein as substrate. 115 17

An immunoactivation assay for determining pancreatic lipase mass concentration was clinically evaluated and compared with results obtained by measuring total amylase and pancreatic amylase activity. A group of 30 patients with pancreatitis was compared with a control group of 32 patients in which this disease was suspected but excluded. Both lipase mass concentration and pancreatic amylase activity exhibit good sensitivity (0.93 each) and specificity (0.94 and 0.97, respectively) at cutoff concentrations of 200 micrograms/L and 200 U/L, respectively. The median increase in lipase mass concentration (37.1 times the upper limit of the reference interval) in the pancreatitis group was higher than that for either total amylase or pancreatic amylase activity (5.94 and 14.5 times, respectively) but showed a similar time to peak value. We conclude that the lipase assay is the method of choice for diagnosing pancreatitis.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of a pancreatic lipase mass concentration assay. 138 18

We evaluated the diagnostic utility of measuring pancreatic isoamylase (P-AMY) with a double-monoclonal antibody technique in a population of 43 consecutive hospitalized hyperamylasemic patients in comparison with serum pancreatic lipase (LPS) activity. In 27 cases (62.8%), the final diagnosis was acute pancreatitis. Predictive values were calculated for P-AMY and LPS activities, and a P-AMY percentage was calculated for selected decision levels. The maximal diagnostic efficiency was 0.930, 0.814, and 0.767 for LPS, P-AMY activity, and P-AMY percentage, respectively, indicating that serum LPS measurement was clinically superior to P-AMY for distinguishing patients with or without pancreatitis. Measurement of both P-AMY activity and percentage in serum did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of measuring pancreatic isoamylase with a double-monoclonal antibody immunoassay in serum of hospitalized hyperamylasemic patients. 228 65

Subcutaneous fat necrosis associated with pancreatitis has been postulated to be due to the effects of circulating pancreatic lipase. We report positive intracellular staining of adipocytes with a monoclonal antibody to pancreatic lipase in a lesion of subcutaneous pancreatic fat necrosis, and confirm the role of pancreatic lipase in the pathogenesis of this syndrome.
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PMID:Subcutaneous fat necrosis associated with pancreatitis: histochemical and electron microscopic findings. 237 12

Evidence of acute pancreatitis was sought in 35 patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Total amylase was raised in 22 patients and isoenzyme separation showed a distinct P3 isoenzyme (indicative of pancreatitis) in 14. In four patients with marked hyperamylasaemia (greater than 1000 U/l) the predominant isoenzyme was the salivary fraction. Pancreatic lipase was abnormally raised (greater than 200 U/l) in 34 patients but exceeded 1000 U/l in 12 of the 14 with a distinct P3 isoenzyme. Thus on the basis of a distinct P3 isoenzyme of amylase and an increased pancreatic lipase activity evidence of pancreatitis was found in 34% of patients in this series.
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PMID:Frequency of pancreatitis in fulminant hepatic failure using isoenzyme markers. 245 77

The characteristics of the blood curves of alpha-amylase (SA), pancreatic lipase (SL) and immunoreactive trypsin (SIT) have been analyzed in a series of patients daily explored throughout the evolution of pancreatitis attacks; urines were also collected to estimate the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR). The following results were obtained. a). The 3 enzymes profiles ran roughly parallel during an acute attack. b). SL rose far higher than SA at the onset of the attack but its decay displayed a shorter half-life than the latter; these features resulted in an absence of systematic difference between their times of return to normal levels at the end of the attack. c). SIT more closely correlated with SL than with SA. d). In common hospital practice, simultaneous SA and SL determinations were proving a more reliable help to diagnose pancreatitis attack than ACCR.
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PMID:Evolution of serum amylase, lipase and immunoreactive trypsin during pancreatitis attacks. 387 8


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