Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seven of 10 patients with anorexia nervosa had ultrasonic and/or biochemical abnormalities of the pancreas. Seven patients had elevated amylase creatinine clearance ratios (greater than 4%), three patients had elevated serum amylase values (greater than 90 units/liter), and three patients had reduced echogenicity of the pancreas. There was no consistent association between presenting abdominal symptoms and abnormal ultrasonic and biochemical studies of the pancreas. After nutritional repletion, all studies reverted to normal. An eleventh patient, who was initially diagnosed as having anorexia nervosa but later found to have an astrocytoma of the medulla, had reduced echogenicity of the pancreas, suggesting malnutrition as the cause of these abnormal pancreatic studies. Pancreatic abnormalities due to protein-calorie malnutrition may be common in anorexia nervosa and must be differentiated from primary pancreatitis.
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PMID:Biochemical and ultrasonic abnormalities of the pancreas in anorexia nervosa. 618 45

Acute experimental pancreatitis was induced in rats, with a polyethylene splint placed into the duodenum, by the closed duodenal loop technique. Ranitidine (20 mg . kg-1) or saline were administered intraperitoneally every 8 hrs, beginning 15 min prior to surgery. The degree of pancreatitis and the amylase to creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) were evaluated in all the animals after sacrifice. Ranitidine-treated animals showed significant by reduced pancreatic damage and ACCR values in comparison with non-treated rats. These data confirm the efficacy of ranitidine as a preventive agent in the development of acute pancreatitis and suggest that controlled trials should be performed with this H2-antagonist in the human subyects with this disease.
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PMID:[Protective effect of ranitidine in acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat]. 618 31

In earlier studies we reported the finding of a tumor-associated peptide that also occurred at high concentrations in early amniotic fluid. Determination of the N-terminal sequence of this peptide revealed that it is closely related or identical to the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor. Therefore, the peptide is called tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI). The concentration of TATI was determined by radioimmunoassay in the urine of 148 patients with various forms of gynecologic malignancy and in a reference population consisting of 98 patients with non-malignant gynecologic disease, and also in 40 patients with severe infections or inflammatory disease. In the reference population, the median urinary concentration of TATI was 22 micrograms/g creatinine and the central 95% reference interval was 7-50 micrograms/g creatinine. Elevated urinary levels were observed in 53% of all patients with gynecologic cancer, in 63% of those with active disease and 26% of those in clinical remission. The highest urinary TATI level (11,000 micrograms/g creatinine) was over 200 times the upper limit of the reference range. Patients with cervical cancer had the highest frequency of elevated values. Increased excretion of TATI was also observed in patients with severe bronchopulmonary infections and pancreatitis. Although increased excretion of TATI is not cancer-specific, the distinction by elevated levels of TATI between malignant and nonmalignant gynecologic disease is better than by most other putative tumor markers, and the increased excretion of TATI in patients with active disease can be important for the understanding of tumor biology.
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PMID:Excretion of a tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in urine of patients with gynecological malignancy. 619 Jul 63

Amylase activity in serum and urine, and isoamylase, were measured in 300 patients with abdominal pain to detect cases of macroamylasemia. Of these patients, 9 had hyperamylasemia and 2 were diagnosed as cases of macroamylasemia on the basis of their amylase/creatinine clearance ratio, the gel filtration pattern of their amylase on a dextran column, and results of immunological analysis. Amylase activity in macroamylasemia is reported to show an anomalous response to increase in reaction-temperature. In this report, measurements of the temperature-activity relationships of serum amylase confirmed that the ratio of serum amylase activity at 50 degrees C to that at 25 degrees C (AMY-50 degrees C/AMY-25 degrees C ratio) in patients with macroamylasemia was higher than that in normal subjects or patients with pancreatitis. Moreover, when macromolecular amylase in the sera of patients with macroamylasemia was separated from amylase of normal molecular weight by dextran gel chromatography, it showed a significantly higher AMY-50 degrees C/AMY-25 degrees C ratio than the latter. Measurement of this AMY-50 degrees C/AMY-25 degrees C ratio seems to be a convenient and useful method for differential diagnosis of hyperamylasemia.
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PMID:A simplified method for detecting macroamylasemia by measuring serum amylase activity at different reaction temperatures. 619 35

Forty-two adults who underwent cardiac operations were studied prospectively for evidence of clinical or subclinical pancreatitis. Clinically detectable pancreatitis was not seen. Serum amylase and lipase levels did not change significantly following operation. The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) immediately following operation was abnormally elevated in 31% of the samples obtained, and the mean ACCR increased from 2.08 +/- 1.85% before operation to 6.2% +/- 6.77% (P less than 0.05). An abnormally elevated ACCR was most often associated with a low urine creatinine concentration. The mean urine creatinine level decreased significantly from 78 +/- 53 mg/dl before operation to 38 +/- 49 mg/dl immediately following operation (P less than 0.02), and 73% of the samples obtained at that time had an abnormally low urine creatinine level (P less than 0.01). The abnormalities observed in ACCR and urine creatinine could not be related to any of several variables presumed to reflect the degree of perioperative physiologic stress, nor could they be related to postoperative hemodynamic performance. It was concluded that ACCR rises following cardiac operation because of perioperative changes in renal function, and not as a reflection of subclinical pancreatic injury.
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PMID:Amylase:creatinine clearance ratios, serum amylase, and lipase after operations with cardiopulmonary bypass. 619 94

This study examines and compares the prophylactic role of aprotinin and Dextran 40 in acute pancreatitis. Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced in 70 male Wistar rats using the closed-duodenal-loop technique. The rats were randomly divided into four groups; sham operation, untreated acute pancreatitis, and therapy with aprotinin or Dextran 40. Samples of blood and urine were collected at the beginning and at the end of the 24-hr period for measurement of amylase and creatinine which allowed calculation of the amylase-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR). Mortality in the aprotinin group was the same as the untreated rats (20%). Dextran 40 therapy was associated with a lower mortality rate (6.7%). Light microscopic examination confirmed that the histologic changes of acute pancreatitis were less severe in both the aprotinin- and Dextran 40-treated rats. The ACCR was elevated after Dextran 40 therapy, which was due mainly to high urinary amylase levels. These results suggest that Dextran 40 may have a prophylactic role in acute experimental pancreatitis but again emphasizes the high false-positive rate of the ACCR determination.
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PMID:Effect of Dextran 40 and aprotinin on experimental acute pancreatitis. 619 89

In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insights into the underlying mechanisms the lysosomal factors of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and the plasma elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Lysosomal activity was evaluated in peripheral blood smears by the lysis of erythrocytes and plasma (halo formation) around each neutrophil induced by 0.25 M NaC1 borate buffer. In about half of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency on dietary treatment lysosomal activity of PMN leukocytes was reduced. The plasma concentration of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was normal in most subjects, but increased in three patients with the highest serum creatinine levels (greater than 13 mg/d1). In the patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of various origin (postoperatively, septicemia, pancreatitis, or dye-induced) halo formation was either reduced or absent. The plasma elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was increased in 5/6 of the patients by a factor of two to four. Also in the patients on regular hemodialysis treatment halo formation of PMN leukocytes was substantially reduced, whereas the plasma levels of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex was slightly increased. The finding of reduced lysosomal activity of PMN neutrophils in uremia may be partly due to an enhanced release of neutral proteinases into the circulation as indicated by the elevated plasma levels of elastase-alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Granulocyte lysosomal factors and plasma elastase in uremia: a potential factor of catabolism. 620 47

The influence of bile flow interruption on the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis has been evaluated in the rat. The pancreatitis was induced by Pfeffer's technique and the severity of the disease was assessed by a macroscopic examination of the pancreatic damage and the calculation of amylase-to-creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR) as well. The results showed that the bile reflux into the pancreas made the pancreatic lesions caused by stasis in the gland associated with hyperstimulation of exocrine secretion more severe. On the other hand the bile reflux had no influence when the pancreatitis was due to flowing back of duodenal contents into the pancreas (closed duodenal loop). It was concluded that the bile effect is probably consistent with a pressure mechanism. In addition the reliability of ACCR in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was confirmed, and the test was effective in detecting even milder pancreatic damages.
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PMID:Influence of bile flow interruption on acute experimental pancreatitis. 620 23

One hundred patients with biochemically proved primary hyperparathyroidism had serum amylase estimations before and after cervical or mediastinal exploration. After operation the patients were monitored for the development of abdominal symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis. Although hyperamylasemia occurred in four patients after operation, clinical acute pancreatitis did not arise. Amylase fractionation confirmed the presence of excessive salivary isoamylase in all four patients. Operation on patients with marginally elevated serum creatinine concentrations, those receiving furosemide, and those undergoing concomitant thyroid operation appeared to increase the likelihood of salivary-based hyperamylasemia; this finding suggested an altered renal handling of amylase in the immediate postoperative period. The results of this prospective study and reviewed reports of additional patients undergoing parathyroidectomy indicate that this operation is unlikely to be complicated by postoperative pancreatitis. The probable risk of both pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia would appear to be no more than that with other nonabdominal surgical procedures.
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PMID:Postoperative hyperamylasemia, pancreatitis, and primary hyperparathyroidism. 620 17

In uremic intoxication proteolytic activity in plasma and striated muscle is enhanced. To get further insight into the underlying mechanisms the neutral proteinases of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes were investigated in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. The following studies were performed: 1. Neutral proteolytic activity of PMN neutrophils in blood smears (according to Klessen, 1978). 2. Serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex (Neumann et al., 1981). In about half of the patients with chronic renal insufficiency on dietary treatment the proteolytic activity of PMN leukocytes (halo formation are due to digestion of erythrocytes and plasma) was reduced. The serum concentration of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex was normal in most subjects, but increased in 3 patients with the highest serum creatinine levels (greater than 13 mg/dl). In the patients with acute renal failure (ARF) of various origin (postoperatively, septicemia, pancreatitis or dye induced) halo formation was either reduced or absent. Serum elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor was increased in 5/6 patients by a factor of two to four. Also in the 15 patients on regular hemodialysis treatment halo formation was substantially reduced, while the serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex was slightly increased. The finding of reduced proteolytic activity of PMN neutrophils in uremia is probably due to an enhanced release of proteinases into the circulation as indicated by the elevated serum levels of elastase alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor complex in some patients. The release of proteinases might be in part due to the effect of "uremic toxins". In the RDT patients the contact of the blood with the dialyzer (cuprophane) membrane might be an additional factor. In the patients with ARF the underlying disease (infection, shock, trauma) contributes to the release of proteinases. These disturbances may be harmful for the patient, if the blood concentration or function of the most important proteinase inhibitors (alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor, alpha 2 macroglobulin) is reduced.
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PMID:Release of granulocyte neutral proteinases in patients with acute and chronic renal failure. 636 15


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