Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual case of diabetes secondary to acute pancreatitis in a boy with end-stage renal failure receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is described. A hyperglycaemic, hyperosmolar pre-coma developed, aggravated by associated hypercalcaemia. The glucose content of the dialysis fluid contributed to the hyperglycaemia, which settled as the pancreatitis resolved and lower glucose concentration dialysis fluid was used. Our experience suggests that pancreatic dysfunction should be considered where significant hyperglycaemia occurs during peritoneal dialysis.
 ...
PMID:Non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic pre-coma due to pancreatitis in a boy on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. 354 Jun 93

The release of insulin and glucagon in cirrhotic rats was examined. Rats were made cirrhotic by a combination treatment of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and phenobarbitone. Liver cirrhosis was verified by histologic findings. Both basal and stimulated release of insulin from isolated pancreatic islets, in vitro, were decreased significantly in cirrhotic rats, as compared with control rats. Basal, but not stimulated, levels of glucagon, in vitro, were reduced significantly in cirrhotic rats. Circulating levels of plasma insulin, glucagon, glucose, bilirubin, and amylase levels were unaffected in cirrhotic rats when compared with control rats. There were no signs of pancreatitis. The results indicated that the release of insulin and glucagon is depressed in cirrhotic rats and in rats treated with phenobarbitone and CCl4. Clearance of circulating insulin and glucagon by the liver was apparently reduced, since circulating levels of insulin and glucagon were unaltered in all treated rats.
 ...
PMID:Insulin and glucagon production in experimental cirrhosis. 354 4

Following consideration of the nosological role of hyperglycemic states in psychiatry the case report of a fifty-five year-old patient is presented suffering from fatty cell degeneration of the liver and a relapsing pancreatitis due to chronic alcoholism. After a long period of abstinence without previously known diabetes mellitus a sudden ketoacidotic coma developed with maximum serum glucose level of 2020 mg%. Having emerged during coma treatment Wernicke's encephalopathy passed into Korsakoff's syndrome the main features of which remained unchanged for more than one year. In this case thiamine deficiency of different pathogenetical origin is discussed: defective exogeneous availability due to malabsorption; depletion of endogeneous thiamine stores due to enlarged requirements for glucose oxidation during coma therapy; antimetabolic effects to thiamine by nitroimidazole-derivatives administered parenterally.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetic coma and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. On the clinical significance of acquired thiamine deficiency]. 359 52

During the past 3.5 years the authors have evaluated 191 patients, both retrospectively and prospectively, to establish factors which might help to identify those patients at higher risk of developing pancreatic abscesses. Those factors included etiology of pancreatitis, number of severity indices present, and specific indices present. Once an abscess developed, severity indices, etiology, and bacteriology were examined as factors in mortality. Six specific severity indices occurred more often (P less than 0.05) in patients developing abscesses. These indices were lactate dehydrogenase evaluation, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis, hypoxemia, hypocalcemia, and fluid sequestration. In addition, seven of 18 abscess patients had six or more indices present as opposed to five of 161 pancreatitis patients. This was significant at P less than 0.05 level. The etiology of the pancreatitis was not a significant factor. Once an abscess developed, gram-negative infections were polymicrobial (8 of 9 patients) and were associated with a 56 per cent mortality. The gram-positive abscesses (6 patients) were all monomicrobial and none of these patients died. In addition, age greater than 55 years, serum glucose greater than 200 mg%, hematocrit decrease of 10 per cent, and fluid sequestration greater than 6 L were associated with a 50 per cent or greater mortality. The authors believe that patients presenting initially with six or more severity indices, especially the six mentioned above, are at significantly increased risk for developing a pancreatic abscess and those abscess patients with gram-negative abscesses, as well as having any of the four severity indices previously mentioned, have a much worse prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Early diagnosis and outcome of pancreatic abscesses in pancreatitis. 380 Jan 61

In mice fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CDE) profound hypoglycemia develops, as do signs of shock, and the mice die of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (AHP). When fed a choline-supplemented diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CSE), however, the mice have a chronic nonhemorrhagic pancreatitis with focal necrosis, do not show symptoms of shock, and survive. For investigation of the mechanism of hypoglycemia and the onset of shock in AHP, serum and pancreatic insulin and glucagon contents, serum glucose levels, and the morphologic characteristics of pancreatic islets were evaluated in mice fed laboratory Chow (LC); a choline-supplemented (CS) diet; a choline-deficient (CD) diet; or the CSE and CDE diets for 1, 2, or 3 days. The results indicate that onset of shock in animals with AHP may be due to hypoglycemia resulting from abnormal release of glucoregulatory hormones and their inability to maintain glucose output from liver and/or caused by active proteinases released from necrotic pancreas.
 ...
PMID:Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in mice: A study of glucoregulatory hormones and glucose metabolism. 388 Oct 38

In 20 cases with carcinoma of pancreas, 15 cases with chronic pancreatitis and 17 control cases, the levels of insulin in portal and peripheral blood after glucose infusions and the microscopical changes of pancreatic islet cells were examined. In the cases with carcinoma of pancreas, the morphological changes were the destruction and disappearance of B-cells due to the invasion of the carcinoma, the degeneration of B-cells due to the concomitant pancreatitis in the residual pancreatic tissue, and the atrophy and ballooning of pancreatic islet due to a probable cause of ischemic change of circulatory dynamics and in the cases with chronic pancreatitis, the degeneration of B-cells followed by fibrosis and the increase of the number of the islet cells due to the regeneration of the pancreas tissue. In both cases, the function was more injured than the morphological changes and these findings seemed to disclose the dysfunction of insulin secretion per B-cell unit or the disturbance of the shift of insulin into portal vein caused by fibrosis. In the cases with carcinoma of pancreas, the rate of disappearance of glucose (K-index) to 60' sigma 0' IRI in portal blood was low value and the glucose tolerance per insulin unit was decreased.
 ...
PMID:[The association of pancreatic endocrine dysfunction with carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis]. 388 27

Since mumps virus seems to be one of the most likely candidates in viral etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) we studied the possible relationship of glucose tolerance (75 g oGTT), beta cell function, diabetes associated HLA antigens, haptoglobin phenotype, islet cell antibodies (ICA) and islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) in 125 subjects with antecedent mumps infection. Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was diagnosed in 3.2% (n = 4) but onset of diabetes did not appear within 14 months after mumps infection. There was no relationship between glucose tolerance and complications of antecedent mumps infection (e.g. pancreatitis, meningitis, orchitis). The prevalence rate of ICA was 76%. ICSA were detectable in about 36% of children and 62% of the adults tested (p less than 0.01). There was no relationship between ICA/ICSA and diabetes-associated HLA antigens, haptoglobin phenotype or beta cell function (fasting C-peptide and insulin response to 75 g oGTT). However, adults with circulating ICA were characterized by a significantly lower insulin response to glucose. Fifty two "risk" subjects characterized by IGT, diabetes associated HLA antigen(s), ICA or ICSA either alone or combined were studied again 26 months after mumps infection. No symptomatic diabetes appeared and IGT was diagnosed in one case only. ICA and ICSA persisted in more than 50% of subjects in whom ICA or ICSA were present 14 months after mumps infection. Since the used immunological techniques do not clearly distinguish organ-specific from non-organ-specific antibodies the results must be interpreted with caution. To summarize, the preliminary results do not support a close temporal relationship between mumps infection and the onset of IDDM. The pathogenetic role of mumps virus and ICA/ICSA and their possible relation to a slow progressive beta cell destruction has still to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic, hormonal, and immunological alterations in subjects with antecedent mumps infection. 391 1

In 35 pancreatectomized dogs, the donor pancreatic tail was transplanted by end-to-side anastomoses between the portal vein and the celiac axis to the femoral vessels of the host. To influence the exocrine pancreas secretion of the graft we applied different methods of drainage of the pancreatic duct: open drainage to the abdominal cavity (Group I, n = 15), occlusion of the duct by Neoprene (Group II, n = 12) and by Ethibloc (Group III, n = 8). Main complications were rejection crisis and pancreatitis. Segmental pancreas allografts were rejected in group I within about 34 days, in group II within about 11 days, in group III within about 13 days. The fasting blood glucose levels in all 3 groups returned to normal 2 days after transplantation. Better results were achieved in the open-duct and Ethibloc-occluded grafts. 3 weeks after transplantation, a delayed and diminished increase of insulin concentration after glucose stimulation was observed compared to the dogs of the control group. Peak insulin values were significantly higher (p 0.01) in group I compared to group II. Histologically acinar atrophy with replacement by fibrous tissue occurred in all groups after 2 weeks. The least severe histological changes were observed in group II. The best results were achieved by the open-duct technique, whereas the occlusion groups showed a high rate of early complications like rejection, venous thrombosis and pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Allogeneic segmental heterotopic pancreas transplantation in the dog with reference to various drainage technics]. 392 96

One thousand intensive care digestive surgical cases are reviewed concerning continuous low-flow-rate enteral support (CLFRES), using Nutripompe: 607 males and 393 females, average age 51 years. The average duration of CLFRES is 21.5 days +/- 13, range 4 to 180 days. CLFRES was used postoperatively in 76 per cent, preoperatively in 10 per cent, and pre- and postoperatively in 14 per cent of cases, respectively. The enteral support route was 63 per cent nasogastric, 20 per cent gastrostomy and 17 per cent jejunostomy. Five hundred and ten patients required extensive digestive surgery with temporary exclusions. More than 100 patients with either temporary enterostomies or enterocutaneous fistulas have had continuous reinstillation of digestive chyme (CRDC) associated with their intensive care unit treatment management. CRDC in the lower end of an enterostomy has shown a specific retrograde inhibitory effect on the upper digestive secretions, particularly on the intestinal secretions during pathologies associated with one or several interruptions of the continuity of the gastrointestinal tract. This technique and its physiological implications were discussed. The principal pathologies in this important study group are: severe digestive fistulas, 24 per cent; acute diffuse peritonitis, 18 per cent; acute enterocolitis, 14 per cent; digestive tumours, 35 per cent; and acute necrotizing haemorrhagic pancreatitis, 9 per cent. A comparative analysis of nutritional energy nitrogen requirement was presented in view of the cancer, the septic, and the non-cancer non-septic patient groups. Enteral support nutritional solutions were primarily mixed non-degraded food, 70 per cent, and semi-elemental diets, 30 per cent. Certain pathology groups required variations in protein and lipid percentage. An up-to-date evaluation of nutritive formulas based on small peptides in normal and small bowel postoperative patients was discussed. Four CLFRES administration programmes were discussed: normal gastrointestinal tract, 38 per cent; abnormal gastrointestinal tract, 44 per cent; pancreatitis, 11 per cent; short bowel, 7 per cent. Nutrition evolution parameters (clinical), were: weight gain curve (minimum 10 days), local regional healing, biological positive changes in protein metabolism, nitrogen balance, lipid metabolism and glucose regulation. Impact on complications such as thrombosis, embolism and haemorrhage were discussed. Clinical and biological results using CLFRES were most satisfactory in more than 90 per cent of patients.
 ...
PMID:Continuous high-energy low-flow-rate enteral support: a panoramic review of 1000 cases. 393 Aug 90

Oral feedings should be withheld in all patients with acute pancreatitis. A mild form of acute alcoholic pancreatitis does not necessarily require the administration of a nasogastric tube and central venous catheter, which should, however, be administered in all patients with more severe disease, with an unknown pathogenesis, and with complications. In most of those patients a central venous catheter is not only required for parenteral nutrition, but also for control of fluid administration. Glucose is recommended as the primary energy source (7-12 mg/kg/min); amino acids should be given at a calories (kcal/kg) to nitrogen (g/kg) ratio of 135:1. Fat is not recommended as the primary nonprotein energy source initially in the course of pancreatitis. Frequent serum controls of electrolytes and glucose are necessary to control electrolyte and insulin therapy. Calcium administration should be carried out with caution.
 ...
PMID:[Parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis]. 393


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10