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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Jejunal perfusion studies were performed to assess water, electrolyte, d-xylose, and d-glucose transport in 16 patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis (eight with and eight without steatorrhoea) and in 10 control subjects. The patients with steatorrhoea demonstrated significantly less xylose, water, and electrolyte absorption than patients without steatorrhoea and control subjects, when an isosmotic slaine-xylose solution was perfused. On the other hand, when an isosmotic saline-glucose solution was perfused, the patients with steatorrhoea absorbed significantly more glucose, water, and electrolytes than control subjects. Significant correlation was demonstrated between the absorption of xylose as measured by the segmental perfusion technique and the peak serum xylose level during perfusion as well as the five-hour urinary xylose excretion after a 25 g oral dose of xylose. The xylose absorption measured by small bowel perfusion also correlated significantly with pancreatic juice amylase and trypsin concentrations obtained during a standard pancreatic function test.
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PMID:Jejunal monosaccharide, water, and electrolyte transport in patients with chronic pancreatitis. 62 5

This study was designed to assess the functional efficiency of the ageing small intestine and the possible role of malabsorption in old people with nutritional deficiencies. Fifty subjects aged 65 to 92 years were studied, of whom 33 presented with anaemia, chronic diarrhoea or bone pains, and 17 were apparently healthy 'controls' with no relevant symptoms. Tests of intestinal function included blood xylose and iron absorption curves, a double isotope Schilling test, faecal fat, urinary indican and small bowel radiology, with duodenal aspiration and jejunal biopsy in some cases. On the basis either of steatorrhoea or at least two other abnormal parameters of absorption, there were 15 cases of malabsorption. Thirteen of these had symptoms but two were 'controls'. Four of these had duodenal diverticulosis, two had the post-gastrectomy syndrome, and one had calcific pancreatitis. Malabsorption in the remaining eight cases was not fully explained. The age range of this last group was 72--86 years; one of them had a contaminated small bowel and two showed some evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. Malabsorption emerged as a significant cause of low levels of serum iron, haemoglobin and calcium. The blood xylose test is a useful screening procedure for intestinal malabsorption in old age, but full evaluation calls for investigation of pancreatic function.
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PMID:The ageing gut: a study of intestinal absorption in relation to nutrition in the elderly. 68 55

Pancreozymin-secretin test (PS test) and intestinal absorption tests were performed in 21 patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis and 32 patients with chronic noncalcific pancreatitis to evaluate exocrine functions of the pancreas. And the following results were confirmed. (1) Fecal fat excretion increased in 33% of chronic pancreatitis (47% of calcific pancreatitis and 25% of noncalcific pancreatitis). Serum carotene leves showed significantly low levels in 44% of chronic pancreatitis (67% of calcific pancreatitis and 27% of noncalcific pancreatitis). (2) D-xylose tolerance test was abnormally low in only 6% of chronic pancreatitis, but Schilling test was evaluated abnormally low in 29% of chronic pancreatitis (50% of calcific pancreatitis and 11% of noncalcific pancreatitis). (3) Fecal fat excretion increased in cases of severe exocrine insufficiency of the pancreas with decreased amylase output and decreased maximum bicarbonate concentration in PS test. (4) Correlation of fecal fat excretion to maximum bicarbonate concentration was statistically significant, but those to amylase output or volume of pancreatic juice were not significant. (5) Antacid drugs combined with pancreatic extracts seems to be indispensable in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis as far as malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis is concerned.
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PMID:Studies on intestinal malabsorption in chronic pancreatitis. 101 98

A 25-year-old man, who was admitted for evaluation of arthralgia and fever of 2-weeks duration, complained of a 10 kg weight loss during the previous weeks. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was diagnosed on the basis of leukopenia, LE cells, antinuclear antibodies, antibodies to double-stranded DNA, and arthritis, Malabsorption was diagnosed because of the finding of hypoalbuminemia, fat droplets in the feces, a pathological D-xylose test, and an appropriate X-ray image. Approximately half the patients with SLE develop minor expressions of gastrointestinal tract involvement, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Major manifestations, such as intestinal obstruction or perforation, ascites, peritonitis and pancreatitis have been reported with varying frequency. Despite the frequent association of SLE with gastrointestinal manifestations, malabsorption, as in this case, has rarely been reported.
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PMID:[Malabsorption in systemic lupus erythematosus]. 235 16

In a prospective study, several parameters of small intestinal function have been assessed in 20 patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis with and without steatorrhoea. By and large all routine parameters of small intestinal function were found to be normal. In particular, neither a previously reported high incidence of lactase deficiency, nor D-xylose malabsorption or vitamin B12 depletion was observed. However, there was a high incidence of abnormal 14C-cholylglycine breath tests (40%), suggesting the presence of mild bacterial overgrowth. Occasionally, this condition was associated with diarrhoea and steatorrhoea, thus indicating that steatorrhoea remaining after high-dosage pancreatin supplementation might sometimes be due to bacterial overgrowth.
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PMID:Small intestinal function in chronic relapsing pancreatitis. 401 10

Sixty-five patients with neoplasm (62 cases) or pancreatitis (3 cases) were treated with preserving pylorus pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) from 1984 to 1991. One postoperative death occurred. Follow-up studies were performed in 35 patients who had been treated by PPPD or the standard Whipple's procedure; they were questioned carefully concerning clinical symptoms. Further studies were performed in 20 patients with or without pylorus preservation (10 patients, respectively). Nutritional status and gastrointestinal digestive and absorptive functions were evaluated by determination of serum components, gastric analysis, barium emptying time, D-xylose absorption test, 14CO2 breath test, PABA, and other methods. The results demonstrated malnutrition and postgastrectomy syndromes in some patients after the standard Whipple's procedure, but not in those with PPPD. The quality of life was better in the latter. Pylorus preservation may be the main reason for this above difference. Delayed gastric emptying in the early postoperative period was a complication in some patients (21%) treated by PPPD. We recommend PPPD for pancreatoduodenectomy.
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PMID:65 cases of preserving pylorus pancreatoduodenectomy: experience and problems. 786 38

Severely malnourished children afflicted by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), particularly in developing countries, have reduced tolerance to chemotherapy and a compromised prospect for survival. We investigated the prevalence and severity of alterations in growth and nutritional status in children with ALL from population-based referral areas in Canada. All children were treated with Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium protocols. First, the relative impact of cranial irradiation (CI) and chemotherapy on growth was studied in 116 children at diagnosis and at 6-month intervals during treatment. We observed a decline in height standard deviation (SD) score in the first year in all children, and a further decline in height SD score during the second year only in the children who received CI. Weight reduction occurred in the first year, but during the second year there was a disproportionate increase in weight compared with height, suggesting that children treated with ALL have a tendency toward obesity. Both chemotherapy and CI contribute to the altered growth observed in children treated for ALL. Second, intestinal functional integrity was assessed in 16 children during post-induction chemotherapy. Nutrient intake was adequate and there was minimal evidence of malabsorption: fat malabsorption occurred in only 1 child (after treatment-related pancreatitis), abnormal D-xylose absorption occurred in 2 children at 6 months of therapy (returning to normal 6 months later) and abnormal lactose absorption occurred in 4 children. Third, weight, height, whole body lean and fat mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum albumin were determined at diagnosis and at 6-month intervals throughout therapy in 19 children with ALL. Height SD scores decreased significantly during treatment. Serum albumin was abnormally low in 6/19 at diagnosis and 14/18 during intensive consolidation therapy. The mean change in the ratio of lean mass to total body weight showed a 5% reduction by 6 months of therapy. Body fat increased from a mean of 22% at diagnosis to 28% at completion of therapy. The majority of children treated for ALL thus have significant changes in nutritional status manifested by reductions in growth, alterations in lean and fat body mass and abnormally low serum proteins during intensive therapy.
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PMID:Growth and body composition in response to chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 987 86