Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phospholipases, a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, are classified according to the bond cleaved in a phospholipid into PLA1 (EC 3.1.1.3), PLA2 (EC 3.1.1.4), PLB (EC 3.1.1.5), PLC (EC 3.1.4.3), and PLD (EC 3.1.4.4). This paper reviews source and structure of PLA2 and the involvement of PLA2 and PLC in several biological phenomena, such as, signal transduction, photoreception, biosynthesis of lung surfactant, sperm motility, and fertilization. New assays for PLA2 activity and concentration in biological fluids are discussed. Phospholipases are involved in many inflammatory reactions by making arachidonate available for eicosanoid biosynthesis. The determination of PLA2 activity and mass concentration in plasma is useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis and of septic shock. Naturally occurring phospholipase inhibitors, such as lipocortins act as second messengers in the anti-inflammatory response to steroids. Lipocortins may be valuable therapeutic agents, because they are more specific in their anti-inflammatory action than glucocorticoids; therefore, they are less likely to produce harmful side effects.
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PMID:Phospholipases in biology and medicine. 225 31

Acute pancreatitis can be induced in the rat by high doses of cerulein, a cholecystokinin analogue. Regeneration of the pancreatic gland after this aggression can be accelerated by endogenous or exogenous cholecystokinin. However, the biochemical and molecular events associated with the cholecystokinin-induced regeneration process have not yet been identified. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the potential involvement of particulate and crude cytosolic tyrosine kinases as well as phospholipase D (PLD) in the course of pancreatitis induction and during regeneration. Acute pancreatitis was induced by cerulein, 12 micrograms kg-1, every 8 h for 2 days; this treatment was followed by 3 days of rest, and the regeneration treatment was started on the morning of the sixth day, with cerulein given at 1 microgram kg-1 every 8 h for 1-4 days. Animals were sacrificed 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the first cerulein injection (high dose), on the morning of the sixth day (end of the rest period), and on the morning of the seventh and tenth days (low dose, regeneration period). After sacrifice, pancreata were excised and prepared for tyrosine kinase and PLD assays. Parallel increases in tyrosine kinase and PLD activities were observed from 6 to 48 h during pancreatitis induction and at the end of the resting period. Activities returned to control values during the regeneration period in the untreated cerulein-pancreatitis groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dynamics of pancreatic tyrosine kinase and phospholipase D activities in the course of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis and during regeneration. 779 95

The importance of polyamines in tissue growth and regeneration was shown. The involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) activity in pancreas recovery after acute pancreatitis (AP) was postulated. Thus, the aim of present study was to evaluate: the effect of polyamines synthesis inhibition on pancreas regeneration after AP and possible relationship between polyamines metabolism and PLD activity during recovery after AP. AP was induced by s.c. injection of caerulein (Cae.) in gelatin (12 micrograms/kg; t.i.d.) during 2 days. After AP inducion rats were treated with the irreversible inhibitor of polyamines synthesis alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and/or putrescine or saline for 2, 7 and 14 days. Pancreatic weight, total protein, enzymes, nucleic acids contents were evaluated and ultrastructural examination was performed. Also pancreatic acini were prepared and loaded with [3H] myristic acid to measure 3H phosphatidic acid (PA), a marker of PLD activity. For in vitro study the pancreatic acini from healthy rats were preincubated with 1 mM DFMO and stimulated with Cae. AP results in pancreas destruction, followed by spontaneous recovery within 14 days. We found that treatment with DFMO during AP induction did not produce more severe tissue damage. However, when this treatment was prolonged (up to 14 days) during the recovery period after pancreatitis injury reduced the spontaneous regeneration. Microscopic examination showed also the more prominent signs of acinar cell injury in AP-DFMO treated rats vs. AP animals especially after 7 and 14 days of treatment. The signs of microscopic injury, lower pancreatic weight and RNA content in acute pancreatitis rats treated with DFMO during 14 days vs. control group correspond with the increased PLD activity observed after 7 and 14 days of treatment. PLD activity increased significantly also in healthy rats treated with DFMO already after 2 days and remained at significantly elevated level after 7 and 14 days of treatment vs. control. The obtained results indicate the involvement of polyamines in pancreas recovery after acute pancreatitis and in unspecified pancreas injury with concomitant increase of PLD activity. However the modulation/elevation of enzyme activity does not seem to be directly related to polyamines metabolism in the pancreas as the lack of DFMO effect on PLD activity in vitro study was found. The results suggest rather indirect modulatory influence of polyamines on intracellular signaling pathway.
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PMID:The influence of polyamines synthesis inhibition on pancreas regeneration and phospholipase D activity after acute caerulein induced pancreatitis in rats. Biochemical and ultrastructural study. 944 25