Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antiserum to human urinary RNase C [ribonuclease (pancreatic), EC 3.1.27.5], developed in rabbits, was used to characterize this enzyme through studies of inhibition of RNase C-catalyzed poly(C) hydrolysis and of competition in a RIA. By either assay, the antiserum failed to cross react with human urinary RNase U (EC 3.1.27.-) or bovine pancreatic RNase A (EC 3.1.27.5). RNase C is immunologically identical to the poly(C)-active RNase in various human sera, including samples obtained from normal individuals, patients with pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, or other malignant and nonmalignant diseases. This conclusion is based on the finding of superimposable antibody dose-inhibition curves for poly(C) hydrolysis and parallel competition RIA curves for RNase C and the various sera. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001) between concentrations of RNase C as determined by poly(C) hydrolysis and competition RIA in serum samples from 102 patients. Therefore, the latter technique provides al alternative method for measuring RNase C in sera.
 ...
PMID:Immunological studies of ribonuclease C from human urine. 727 95

The so-called "plasma" ribonuclease (RNase), described as increased in most patients with pancreatic cancer, was studied in the blood of 92 subjects utilizing the method of Reddi and Holland, to evaluate its reliability in detecting pancreatic tumors. A significant increase of "plasma" RNase was found in pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.01) as compared with controls, non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis (p less than 0.01), calcifying chronic pancreatitis (p less than 0.01), and chronic recurrent pancreatitis (p less than 0.01). Nevertheless increased "plasma" RNase activity was also found in 18/43 patients with chronic pancreatitis, as well as in the majority of the non-pancreatic malignant tumors studied. Furthermore, in 2 out of 22 subjects with pancreatic cancer the enzyme activity was found to be normal. These data suggest that increased "plasma" RNase, although very frequent in pancreatic cancer, is not a marker of pancreatic malignancy.
 ...
PMID:"Plasma"-type ribonuclease in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: a critical appraisal. 734 12

Changes in serum and intrapancreatic enzyme content and protein synthesis in pancreas were studied in acute oedematous pancreatitis (AOP). Male Wistar rats (n = 111) were divided into 2 groups, controls with a sham operation and those with AOP. Serum amylase levels rose immediately after the procedure causing AOP and then fell gradually, while serum lipase and ribonuclease levels remained higher than control values over 48 h. (p < 0.05, 0.01). Serum deoxyribonuclease (DNase) II levels were unchanged. Intrapancreatic enzyme levels were scarcely affected by AOP. 3H-leucine uptake into pancreatic tissue of rats with AOP was decreased throughout the study (p < 0.001), but some protein synthesis continued. Intrapancreatic enzyme contents are maintained despite diffusion into the blood because the pancreas retain its ability to synthesize enzymes.
 ...
PMID:Pancreatic exocrine enzymes and intrapancreatic protein synthesis in acute oedematous pancreatitis. 752 55

Studies in animal models suggest that oxygen radicals are important in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Cerulein, a decapeptide isolated from the skin of the frog, Hyla caerula, is closely related to the C-terminus of cholecystokinin and it is a potent stimulant of pancreatic exocrine secretion. The aim of the present study was to measure the activity of endogenous scavengers, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. We found that the plasma amylase and ribonuclease levels in the pancreatitis group were both significantly high (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) when compared with the control group. Although superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels of pancreatic tissue were decreased significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 respectively), we observed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in catalase activity in the cerulein treated group compared to the control group. Therefore, we concluded that the profound alteration of the activities of endogenous scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and glutathione depletion occurring after cerulein-induced pancreatitis seemed to be important in tissue injury and may provide the basis for successful therapy of the disease.
 ...
PMID:The endogenous scavengers in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. 754 30

The pancreatitis-associated proteins (PAPs) are major pancreatic secretory proteins during acute pancreatitis. However, mechanisms of regulation of PAP gene expression are poorly understood, and there is a lack of information regarding mouse PAP gene expression. Herein, we employed Northern blotting and RNase protection assays to measure mouse PAP-I mRNA levels in the normal pancreas and intestine, and in the pancreas during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Unexpectedly, we found that mouse PAP-I mRNA levels are constitutively high in the adult pancreas, as well as in the small intestine. Furthermore, mouse pancreatic PAP-I mRNA levels are rapidly and dramatically down-regulated (3 h) after the initiation of caerulein injections, but slowly return to high levels by 72 h. Interestingly, we found that pancreatic PAP-I mRNA levels are also transiently and dramatically down-regulated after L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine administration. Thus, a correlation between PAP-I mRNA levels and glutathione levels in the mouse pancreas was demonstrated.
 ...
PMID:Regulation of mouse pancreatitis-associated protein-I gene expression during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. 888 77

Plasma pancreatic-type Poly-C specific ribonuclease (P-RNase)-enzyme activity increases in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) who develop pancreatic necrosis and severe disease course. It is considered as a marker of pancreatic tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to estimate interrelations between major inflammatory cytokines such as: interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor soluble receptors: sTNFR55 and sTNFR75 output, and plasma P-RNase activity. The study was carried out in a group of 56 patients with AP, where 20 developed pancreatic necrosis. It was found that serum P-RNase concentration and levels of all studied inflammatory cytokines significantly increase already in the first day from diagnose of the disease (2.5 folds for P-RNase, 20 for IL-8, about 200 for IL-6 and 1.5 for receptors, respectively). In the first day from admission to hospital, P-RNase activity significantly correlated with plasma concentration of studied inflammatory cytokines. The most pronounced correlation was found for P-RNase and IL-6 in days 1-4 from diagnose, manifested by Pearson correlation r coefficients amounting to 0.86, 0.79, 0.60 and 0.57 respectively (p<0.001). Dividing the studied AP patients into two groups, varying in severity of disease a significant differences in P-RNase and IL-6, IL-8 and sTNFR55/sTNFR75 were found. In patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis P-RNase significantly correlate with levels of major inflammatory cytokines. Carried out studies suggest that activity of P-RNase reflects severity of inflammatory reaction, which is dependent on development of pancreatic injury and tissue necrosis in AP.
 ...
PMID:Poly-C specific ribonuclease activity correlates with increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and sTNFR55/sTNFR75 in plasma of patients with acute pancreatitis. 1456 81

The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic performance of C-reactive protein (CRP) and poly-C avid ribonuclease (P-RNase) levels in the prediction of a severe clinical course of acute pancreatitis (AP). The study included 36 patients with mild and 20 with severe AP. CRP concentration was measured by an immunonephelometric method and P-RNase activity by the rate of polycytidylate hydrolysis at pH 7.8. At the time of admission, both P-RNase and CRP levels were significantly increased in all patients when compared to healthy subjects (29.2 vs. 18.7 U/l and 91.1 vs. 2.89 mg/l; p < 0.001). Up to days 3 and 4 a further increase in P-RNase was observed. On the other hand, the increase in CRP continued only through days 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) differed significantly with respect to P-RNase levels on all days studied; whereas CRP levels differed significantly on days 2-5 but did not differ at admission. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve function analysis yielded the best sensitivity of SAP detection for P-RNase, equaling 72.2%, at the cut-off point value 65.3 U/l on day 3 after admission. The sensitivity of CRP for detection of SAP was 85.0% at 125.7 mg/l on the 2nd day after admission. Both parameters studied were significantly associated with the severity of the AP clinical course; however, on days 1 and 2 post-admission, P-RNase was more specific for detection of SAP than CRP (94.4% vs. 77.1% on the 1st day and 94.4% vs. 55.5% on the 2nd day). In conclusion, P-RNase has shown an excellent performance for early differentiation of acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of serum poly-C avid ribonuclease activity and C-reactive protein concentration in detection of mild and severe acute pancreatitis. 1520 93

Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) has been shown to exert antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity possibly due to the presence of naringenin, the flavonoid with cytoprotective action on the gastric mucosa. No study so far has been undertaken to determine whether this GSE is also capable of preventing acute pancreatic damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is known to result from reduction of anti-oxidative capability of pancreatic tissue, and whether its possible preventive effect involves an antioxidative action of this biocomponent. In this study carried out on rats with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by 30 min partial pancreatic ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion, the GSE or vehicle (vegetable glycerin) was applied intragastrically in gradually increasing amounts (50-500 microl) 30 min before I/R. Pretreatment with GSE decreased the extent of pancreatitis with maximal protective effect of GSE at the dose 250 microl. GSE reduced the pancreatitis-evoked increase in serum lipase and poly-C specific ribonuclease activity, and attenuated the marked fall in pancreatic blood flow and pancreatic DNA synthesis. GSE administered alone increased significantly pancreatic tissue content of lipid peroxidation products, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkens, and when administered before I/R, GSE reduced the pancreatitis-induced lipid peroxidation. We conclude that GSE exerts protective activity against I/R-induced pancreatitis probably due to the activation of antioxidative mechanisms in the pancreas and the improvement of pancreatic blood flow.
 ...
PMID:Extract of grapefruit-seed reduces acute pancreatitis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats: possible implication of tissue antioxidants. 1561 45

Glutathione depletion is a key factor in the development of acute pancreatitis. Our aim was to study the regulation of glutamate cysteine ligase, the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis, in edematous or necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Glutathione levels were kept low in necrotizing pancreatitis for several hours, with no increase in protein or mRNA levels of glutamate cysteine ligase subunits, despite binding of RNA polymerase II to their promoters and coding regions. The survival signal pathway mediated by ERK and c-MYC was activated, and c-MYC was recruited to the promoters. The failure in gene up-regulation seems to be due to a marked increase in cytosolic ribonuclease activity. In contrast, in edematous pancreatitis glutathione levels were depleted and rapidly restored, and protein and mRNA expression of glutamate cysteine ligase increased markedly due to enhanced transcription mediated by recruitment of c-MYC, NF-kappaB, and SP-1 to the promoters. No increase in cytosolic ribonuclease activity was found in this case. We propose a novel pathophysiological mechanism to differentiate necrotizing from edematous pancreatitis, which is the inefficient up-regulation of glutamate cysteine ligase caused by increased cytosolic ribonuclease activity in the severe form of the disease. This mechanism would abrogate a rapid recovery of glutathione levels.
 ...
PMID:Glutamate cysteine ligase up-regulation fails in necrotizing pancreatitis. 1827 77

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a causative agent of viral myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis. Much of what is known about the coxsackievirus intracellular replication cycle is based on the information already known from a well-studied and closely related virus, poliovirus. Like that of poliovirus, the 5' noncoding region (5' NCR) of CVB3 genomic RNA contains secondary structures that function in both viral RNA replication and cap-independent translation initiation. For poliovirus IRES-mediated translation, the interaction of the cellular protein PCBP2 with a major secondary structure element (stem-loop IV) is required for gene expression. Previously, the complete secondary structure of the coxsackievirus 5' NCR was determined by chemical structure probing and overall, many of the RNA secondary structures bear significant similarity to those of poliovirus; however, the functions of the coxsackievirus IRES stem-loop structures have not been determined. Here we report that a CVB3 RNA secondary structure, stem-loop IV, folds similarly to poliovirus stem-loop IV and like its enterovirus counterpart, coxsackievirus stem-loop IV interacts with PCBP2. We used RNase foot-printing to identify RNA sequences protected following PCBP2 binding to coxsackievirus stem-loop IV. When nucleotide substitutions were separately engineered at two sites in coxsackievirus stem-loop IV to reduce PCBP2 binding, inhibition of IRES-mediated translation was observed. Both of these nucleotide substitutions were engineered into full-length CVB3 RNA and upon transfection into HeLa cells, the specific infectivities of both constructs were reduced and the recovered viruses displayed small-plaque phenotypes and slower growth kinetics compared to wild type virus.
 ...
PMID:Altered interactions between stem-loop IV within the 5' noncoding region of coxsackievirus RNA and poly(rC) binding protein 2: effects on IRES-mediated translation and viral infectivity. 1944 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>