Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate diagnostic usefulness for pancreatic cancer, serum ribonuclease (RNase) level was determined in three groups of subjects; 1) normal volunteers as control, 2) patients with histologically determined pancreatic cancer, and 3) patients with miscellaneous diseases other than pancreatic cancer. A small increase of RNase values was recognized with age in the normal subjects and in the patients with nonpancreatic diseases, if renal function was normal. The mean RNase level in the control subjects was 97 +/- 41.2 units. A marked elevation of serum RNase level was demonstrated in the patients with pancreatic cancer (p less than 0.001) and in the patients with renal dysfuction, but no significant rise was noticed in the patients with pancreatitis. Mean values of RNase in the patients with pancreatic cancer and renal dysfuncton were 368 +/- 146 units and 342 +/- 78.1 units respectively. RNase values above 300 units were recognized in 15(71%) out of 21 patients with pancreatic cancer. Seven cases with elevated RNase over 300 units other than non-pancreatic malignancy and renal dysfunction were noticed in 6 instances of obstructive jaundice and in one instance of early gastric cancer (an 84-year-old male). The above-stated findings indicate that serum RNase determinations can be utilized as a diagnostic indicator for pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Assessment of the clinical usefulness of serum ribonuclease assays: an indicator for the detection of pancreatic cancer. 44 87

Pancreatic necrosis is a principal determinant of the severity, duration, and infectious complications of acute pancreatitis. There has been no objective index for pancreatic necrosis, and its recognition has necessarily rested upon nonspecific clinical signs, including later deterioration or appearance of sepsis. In search of such an index, we have measured serum levels of a poly-[C]-specific acid ribonuclease (RNase) in 38 patients with acute pancreatitis, 12 patients with chronic pancreatitis, and 50 control patients. The values in chronic pancreatitis (mean, 52 units; range, 33 to 80 units) were within observed normal limits (mean, 51; range, 17 to 94). The values in acute pancreatitis segregated into two groups, normal values (group A) and high values (group B). Of 25 patients in group A (mean, 46; range, 19 to 87), only one developed evidence of pancreatic necrosis or abscess. In contrast, of the 13 patients in group B (mean, 192, range, 98 to 385), 11 required surgical debridement/drainage for pancreatic necrosis (six) or abscess (five) (P less than 0.001). Each of the other two patients had prolonged pancreatic inflammation with fever and a pancreatic mass which persisted for more than 2 weeks. RNase levels in group B patients rose within a few days after onset of pancreatitis and tended to parallel the clinical course. These findings suggest that measurement of serum RNase in acute pancreatitis gives a reliable indication of pancreatic necrosis. Therefore RNase determinations should be of value for earlier identification and monitoring of patients at high risk of late complications, and for helping to select those who will benefit from early debridement before secondary infection occurs.
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PMID:Serum ribonuclease elevations and pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis. 46 72

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
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PMID:Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. 106 80

Variations in urinary kallikrein in pancreatic diseases were ascertained, and possible influencing factors were investigated. Serum amylase and urinary excretion of glandular kallikrein, pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and amylase were measured in 24 control subjects, 39 patients with pancreatic cancer, 49 with pancreatitis and 63 with extra-pancreatic diseases. Urinary kallikrein was found to be elevated in a substantial number of patients with pancreatitis. Higher levels were detected in patients with a relapse, which was diagnosed using clinical and biochemical examinations. RNase was also increased in a high number of patients with pancreatic diseases, but was not correlated with pancreatic damage. In patients with pancreatitis, a correlation was found between urinary kallikrein and RNase excretions. No correlations were found between kallikrein and serum or urinary amylase and GGT. We can conclude that urinary kallikrein excretion increases in pancreatitis, especially when a phlogistic involvement of the pancreas is present; this condition may lead to a release of this ultrafiltrable enzyme in the circulation. Renal tubular damage, which determines a reduced reabsorption of this enzyme, seems to play a concomitant but minor role in this process.
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PMID:Urinary kallikrein excretion in chronic pancreatic diseases. 172 73

The present study evaluated serum ribonuclease activity (SRA) in patients with inflammatory and neoplastic pancreatic diseases. RNase determination was carried out using t-RNA (T) from E. coli MRE 600 at pH 7.4 and polycytidylic acid (poly-C) (P) at pH 6.6 as RNA substrates with RNase A from bovine pancreas as reference enzyme. Healthy volunteers had a SRA of T: 160 +/- 12 and P: 482 +/- 24 ngeq/mL (mean +/- SEM (n]. In patients with acute interstitial pancreatitis (AIP), SRA was similar to healthy controls (T: 166 +/- 14; P: 474 +/- 30 ngeq/mL). Patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) had increased SRA (T: 278 +/- 49; P: 791 +/- 145 ngeq/mL, p less than 0.01, compared to controls). SRA values were also increased in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) with T: 224 +/- 15 ngeq/mL (p less than 0.01) and in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (PCA) with T: 331 +/- 35 (p less than 0.001 vs controls, p less than 0.01 vs CP). Increased SRA was detected in patients with renal insufficiency (T: 2576 +/- 195 ngeq/mL, p less than 0.001). Diagnostic discrimination between AIP and ANP was achieved in 69% using T-SRA (sensitivity 31%, specificity 88%), and in 78% using P-SRA (sensitivity 54%, specificity 92%). Discrimination between CP and pancreatic carcinoma was possible in 68% (sensitivity 67%, specificity 71%). The diagnostic value of serum RNase is limited because of its low sensitivity, but increased T-SRA above a cutoff of 250 ngeq/mL and increased P-SRA above a cutoff of 620 ngeq/mL are specific for detecting pancreatic necrosis in the absence of renal impairment. The kidney is a major site for SRA clearance.
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PMID:Serum ribonuclease activity in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease. 203 16

To clarify the relationship between changes in serum pancreatic enzymes and pathological changes in pancreatic parenchyma, this study was performed by using rat models with acute pancreatitis. The models were rats with edematous and necrotizing pancreatitis. Amylase, lipase, ribonuclease (RNase), and deoxyribonuclease (DNase I, II) in the serum were determined for 48 h after the development of pancreatitis. Amylase and lipase levels rose directly in both pancreatitis groups. These enzymes in the necrotizing pancreatitis group were higher than those in the edematous pancreatitis group, but there was no significant difference. RNase levels also rose markedly, but there was no obvious difference between either of the pancreatitis groups. On the other hand, DNase levels were high in the necrotizing pancreatitis group but low in the edematous pancreatitis group, with significant differences between the two groups, especially in the DNase II levels over a 36-h period (p less than 0.05-0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that serum DNase levels reveal the necrotizing changes in pancreatic parenchyma.
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PMID:Relationship between pancreatic enzymes and pathological changes in the pancreas in acute pancreatitis. The significance of determination of serum deoxyribonuclease. 247 54

We have described a spectrum of pancreatic surgery after cardiopulmonary bypass. At one end is a subclinical lesion which was manifested only by elevations in serum isoamylase levels (27 percent of patients) and increased ribonuclease levels (13 percent of patients) in asymptomatic patients followed after cardiac surgery. At the other end is a severe and often lethal necrotizing pancreatitis. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis was found at autopsy in 25 percent of 138 patients who died after cardiac surgery, and it correlated strongly with low output, acute tubular necrosis, and infarction of the liver, spleen, or bowel. It was the principal cause of death in 4 percent of these patients. In addition, 24 percent of 38 nonsurgical patients who died from cardiac failure and hypoperfusion had acute pancreatitis at autopsy, whereas acute pancreatitis was not observed in 55 nonsurgical patients who died without a significant period of low output. Acute pancreatitis was recognized postoperatively in 12 patients (0.2 percent). Three had mild pancreatitis, and all responded well to conservative therapy. In nine patients, fulminant necrotizing pancreatitis developed. Their courses were characterized by significant early postoperative hemodynamic compromise, abdominal distention, ileus, fever, and episodes of late vascular instability associated with hypocalcemia. The diagnosis of pancreatitis was usually missed because of the absence of pain, tenderness and hyperamylasemia. The diagnosis was confirmed at laparotomy in eight patients and at autopsy in one. The only two survivors among the nine with severe cases had aggressive mobilization, debridement, and wide drainage of the necrotic pancreas. We suggest that a mild subclinical injury to the pancreas may occur as a consequence of cardiopulmonary bypass and may progress to severe ischemic necrosis if hypoperfusion follows in the postoperative period, the presentation of necrotizing pancreatitis may be atypical in the cardiac surgical patient and should be considered if nonspecific abdominal symptoms are present, and aggressive debridement and drainage may be the optimal treatment for aggressive forms of this disease.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis after cardiopulmonary bypass. 258 Apr 53

The influence of ribonuclease on the morphogenesis of experimental pancreatitis in the albino rats has been studied. The drug injected during edematous stage of pancreatitis caused some decrease of pancreatic enzymes level in the blood at hemorrhagic stage and its normalization at necrotic stage of pancreatitis. The development of hemorrhagic and necrotic stages of pancreatitis did not change under the influence of ribonuclease. The maturation of connective tissue of pseudocyst capsule was delayed and inflammatory infiltration of necrotic tissues and their elimination were increased under the influence of the drug. There were extensive tubular transformations of acini and early fibrosis and lipomatosis in the frontier zone. In the viable parts of pancreas moderate hypertrophy of exocrine pancreatocytes developed and chronic pancreatitis features appeared with use of ribonuclease.
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PMID:[Ribonuclease in the experimental therapy of pancreatitis]. 261 83

The levels of pancreatic digestive enzymes, lysosomal hydrolases, and protease inhibitors were evaluated in ascites fluid from 24 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed as alcoholic, gallstone-induced, or idiopathic. In this group the concentrations of amylase (354 +/- 98 ng/ml), immunoreactive cationic trypsinogen (1840 +/- 238 ng/ml), and immunoreactive elastase 2 (1492 +/- 262 ng/ml) were greatly elevated in comparison to the corresponding serum values. Enzyme levels in ascites from the idiopathic pancreatitis group tended to be higher than the levels from the other two groups. Activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was significantly higher in ascites compared to serum in all groups. On the other hand, levels of immunoreactive alpha 1-protease inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin in ascites fluid were about half the average concentrations reported for normal serum. Significant amounts of tryptic amidase activity (61.7 +/- 13.7 micrograms/ml) were observed, indicating a trypsin-alpha 2-macroglobulin complex. These data indicate an imbalance in the protease-to-inhibitor ratio in ascites fluid from patients with acute pancreatitis. Coupled with elevated ribonuclease activity (27.4 +/- 3.4 units), a positive methemalbumin test in 23 of 24 patients (1.1 +/- 0.4 mg hematin/100 ml), and an average protein concentration of 4.0 +/- 0.2 g/100 ml, these observations demonstrate that abdominal paracentesis and the biochemical analyses of ascites fluid provide useful information related to the biochemical events in acute pancreatitis and may be useful in the diagnosis of difficult cases, but their predictive value of severity remains to be established.
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PMID:Biochemical studies in peritoneal fluid from patients with acute pancreatitis. Relationship to etiology. 381 84

Antiserum to human urinary RNase C [ribonuclease (pancreatic), EC 3.1.27.5], developed in rabbits, was used to characterize this enzyme through studies of inhibition of RNase C-catalyzed poly(C) hydrolysis and of competition in a RIA. By either assay, the antiserum failed to cross react with human urinary RNase U (EC 3.1.27.-) or bovine pancreatic RNase A (EC 3.1.27.5). RNase C is immunologically identical to the poly(C)-active RNase in various human sera, including samples obtained from normal individuals, patients with pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatitis, or other malignant and nonmalignant diseases. This conclusion is based on the finding of superimposable antibody dose-inhibition curves for poly(C) hydrolysis and parallel competition RIA curves for RNase C and the various sera. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.73; p less than 0.001) between concentrations of RNase C as determined by poly(C) hydrolysis and competition RIA in serum samples from 102 patients. Therefore, the latter technique provides al alternative method for measuring RNase C in sera.
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PMID:Immunological studies of ribonuclease C from human urine. 727 95


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