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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure associated with cytomegaloviral infection is rare. A 27-year-old housewife was admitted to our hospital with complaints of thirst, muscle weakness, abdominal pain and oliguria. There was no past history of diabetes, drinking, fever or drug habituation and a negative family history. Laboratory tests revealed myoglobinuria, hyper-pancreatic type amylaseuria, hyperglycemia, azotemia and highly increased creatine phosphokinase in the plasma. She was treated with hemodialysis and insulin therapy. Serological studies showed a 4-fold increase in cytomegalovirus antibody titers 4 weeks after admission. Muscle biopsy specimens showed hyaline degeneration and infiltration of T cell lymphocytes in the muscle. Renal biopsy specimens showed acute tubular necrosis and some myoglobin casts. No cytomegalovirus antigen was found in renal specimens by immunofluorescence study. From these results, it was determined that a systemic cytomegalovirus infection triggered pancreatitis which caused diabetic ketoacidosis, rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus infection associated with acute pancreatitis, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. 131 48

We conducted a Phase I open-label trial of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) for the treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe AIDS-related complex. A single daily dose of ddI was administered orally to 34 patients (17 with AIDS and 17 with AIDS-related complex) for a median of 12 weeks (range, 2 to 56). We studied six dose levels from 1.6 to 30.4 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. Of the 17 patients previously treated with zidovudine, 13 had had hematologic side effects. The maximal tolerated dose of oral ddI was estimated to be 20.4 mg per kilogram per day. Pancreatitis and peripheral neuropathy were the major dose-limiting toxic effects. Other toxic effects included elevations in hepatic transaminase levels, abnormalities in cardiac conduction, rash, and asymptomatic elevations in serum urate levels and the creatine kinase fraction from skeletal muscle. Treatment with ddI was associated with an increase in the mean number of CD4 lymphocytes from 125 per cubic millimeter at base line to 182 per cubic millimeter after 10 weeks (P = 0.005). There were also increases after 12 weeks in the mean total lymphocyte count (from 0.8 to 1.2 x 10(9) per liter) and the mean hemoglobin level (from 12.9 to 14.1 g per deciliter) (both P less than 0.01). The amount of human immunodeficiency virus p24 antigen decreased by more than 50 percent in 14 of 19 patients with detectable antigen. No differences in response were observed between patients previously treated with zidovudine and those never treated with the drug. We conclude that ddI has antiretroviral activity in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex and that the toxicity of ddI differs from that of zidovudine. However, controlled trials are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of ddI.
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PMID:Once-daily administration of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. Results of a Phase I trial. 210 98

Therapeutic effects of human urinary trypsin inhibitor (MTI) on acute pancreatitis were examined. MTI potently inhibited not only proteases such as trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin, but also inhibited lipase or creatine phosphokinase which are considered to be related to pancreatitis. Although gabexate mesilate (gabexate) and aprotinin also strongly inhibited trypsin, their inhibition spectra against pancreatic enzymes were narrower and aprotinin also strongly inhibited trypsin, their inhibition against pancreatic enzymes were narrower than MTI. MTI inhibited proteases released from pancreatic slice by trypsin more potently than gabexate or aprotinin. The therapeutic effects of MTI on experimental acute trypsin-induced pancreatitis in dogs or rats were stronger than those of gabexate or aprotinin. These results suggest that MTI may suppress pathogenesis and development of pancreatitis in several ways, for example, by directly inhibiting trypsin and by inhibiting tissue-damaging enzymes released from the pancreas by stimulation with trypsin.
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PMID:[Therapeutic effects of human urinary trypsin inhibitor on acute experimental pancreatitis]. 634 4

Leptospirosis, the most common vasculitic zoonosis in the world, is characterized with jaundice and acute renal failure. However, pancreatitis is an uncommon complication of leptospirosis. In this report, an acute pancreatitis case due to Weil's disease has been presented. A 31-year-old female patient with high levels of glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatine kinase, bilirubin, amylase and lipase, has been diagnosed to have leptospirosis by the high positive result (1/800) of microscopic agglutination test against Leptospira interrogans serogroup icterohemorrhagiae. The patient has been treated with supportive and symptomatic therapy, and with penicillin G for leptospirosis. Following triple hemodialysis, all the blood biochemistry tests returned to normal on the tenth day of therapy. This case was reported to draw attention to Leptospira infections which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with jaundice and pancreatitis.
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PMID:[A case of acute pancreatitis due to Weil's disease]. 1474 67

A 22-year-old woman had suffered from several episodes of acute pancreatitis since the age of 11. Other than exercise intolerance since early childhood, her psychomotor development was normal. At age 21, she experienced two episodes of generalized muscle weakness including acute respiratory failure and hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy indicated fatty metamorphosis, and muscle biopsy revealed vacuolar myopathy with lipid accumulation. Biochemical investigations demonstrated elevated serum creatine kinase and elevated 2-hydroxylglutaric, pyruvic, ethylmalonic, hippuric, adipic, and seburic acids in urinary organic acid analysis. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of glutaric aciduria type II. Although acute pancreatitis in glutaric aciduria type II has been reported previously, this is the first reported case of recurrent pancreatitis occurring in glutaric aciduria type II. We treated the patient with l-carnitine and riboflavin. As of the latest follow-up 2.5 years later, the patient has had no further episodes of muscle weakness or pancreatitis. We suggested analyzing urine organic acid when lipid storage myopathy is suspected.
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PMID:Riboflavin-responsive glutaric aciduria type II with recurrent pancreatitis. 1535 Oct 24

Prevalence of electrolyte disturbances and biochemical changes were determined in patients admitted to the emergency room of the Department of Internal Medicine in Innsbruck, Austria during a six-month period. The value of biochemical parameters for the detection of chronic alcohol abuse was also investigated. The most frequent electrolyte disturbances found were hypernatremia (41%), hyperchloremia (21%), hypermagnesemia (17%) and hypocalcemia (15%), whereas hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were observed quite rarely (5% and 3.4%, respectively). The most frequent biochemical changes observed were consistent with signs of cellular toxicity i.e. increased liver enzymes (elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase) as well as signs of pancreatitis (elevated serum lipase and amylase) and muscle damage (elevated creatine kinase). The most frequent changes in blood counts were leucocytosis (23%), thrombocytopenia (14%), and anemia (12%). C-reactive protein showed only minimal elevation. Male sex and level of blood alcohol were detected as major risk factors for the diagnosis of chronic alcohol abuse in the patient sample investigated. When testing the value of routinely measured parameters for predicting the presence of chronic alcohol abuse, GGT and mean corpuscular volume of red blood cells (MCV) appeared to be of equal value. A combination of elevated blood alcohol with an increase in either of these markers may be interpreted as high risk for chronic alcohol abuse in this particular group of patients.
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PMID:Disturbances of electrolytes and blood chemistry in acute alcohol intoxication. 1577 19

Several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors may explain the high rate of CV death among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among them both traditional and uremia-related risk factors are implicated and, moreover, the presence of kidney disease represents "per se" a multiplier of CV risk. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles are changed in quantitative, but above all in qualitative, structural, and functional ways, and lipoprotein metabolism is influenced by the progressive loss of renal function. Statin therapy significantly reduces cholesterol synthesis and both CV morbidity and mortality either directly, by reducing the lipid profile, or via pleiotropic effects; it is supposed to be able to reduce both the progression of CKD and also proteinuria. These observations derive from a post-hoc analysis of large trials conducted in the general population, but not in CKD patients. However, the recently published SHARP trial, including over 9200 patients, either on dialysis or pre-dialysis, showed that simvastatin plus ezetimibe, compared with placebo, was associated with a significant low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and a 17% reduction in major atherosclerotic events. However, no benefit was observed in overall survival nor in preserving renal function in patients treated. These recent data reinforce the conviction among nephrologists to consider their patients at high CV risk and that lipid lowering drugs such as statins may represent an important tool in reducing atheromatous coronary disease which, however, represents only a third of CV deaths in patients with CKD. Therefore, statins have no protective effect among the remaining two-thirds of patients who suffer from sudden cardiac death due to arrhythmia or heart failure, prevalent among CKD patients. The safety of statins is demonstrated in CKD by several trials and recently confirmed by the largest SHARP trial, in terms of no increase in cancer incidence, muscle pain, creatine kinase levels, severe rhabdomyolysis, hepatitis, gallstones and pancreatitis; thus confirming the handiness of statins in CKD patients. Here we will review the latest data available concerning the effectiveness and safety of statin therapy in CKD patients.
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PMID:Treatment of dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: Effectiveness and safety of statins. 2417 58

Enzymes are biocatalysts and because of their remarkable properties, they are extensively used in medical diagnosis. Researches in the last two decades have concentrated more on enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase etc. for clinical applications. Enzymes are the preferred markers in various disease states such as myocardial infarction, jaundice, pancreatitis, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. They provide insight into the disease process by diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of response therapy. Even though the literature on the use of enzymes in various disease conditions has accumulated, a comprehensive analysis is lacking and hence this review.
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PMID:Enzymes in clinical medicine: an overview. 2426 1

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.
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PMID:Effects of dietary corticosterone on yolk colors and eggshell quality in laying hens. 2592 61

To date, it remains unclear whether mild form of acute pancreatitis (AP) may cause myocardial damage which may be asymptomatic for a long time. Pathogenesis of AP-related cardiac injury may be attributed in part to ROS/RNS overproduction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative stress changes in both the pancreas and the heart and to estimate the protective effects of 1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (tempol) at the early phase of AP. Cerulein-induced AP led to the development of acute edematous pancreatitis with a significant decrease in the level of sulfhydryl (-SH) groups (oxidation marker) both in heart and in pancreatic tissues as well as a substantial increase in plasma creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) activity (marker of the heart muscle lesion) which confirmed the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage. The tempol treatment significantly reduced the intensity of inflammation and oxidative damage and decreased the morphological evidence of pancreas injury at early AP stages. Moreover, it markedly attenuated AP-induced cardiac damage revealed by normalization of the -SH group levels and CK-MB activity. On the basis of these studies, it is possible to conclude that tempol has a profound protective effect against cardiac and pancreatic damage induced by AP.
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PMID:Tempol, a Membrane-Permeable Radical Scavenger, Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Effects in the Cerulein-Induced Pancreatitis Rat Model. 2677 Jun 50


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