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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 10 patients with pancreatitis who had persistent cholestasis secondary to compression of the common bile duct by a pancreatic pseudocyst. Elevation of the serum bilirubin or alkaline phosphatase levels, or both, (sensitive indicators of cholestasis) was present in each of our patients. The diagnosis of a pancreatic pseudocyst is best made by CAT scan and ultrasonography. These techniques will delineate the small intrapancreatic pseudocyst that otherwise may be difficult to recognize on inspection at operation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and pancreatography are desirable because they delineate the anatomic alterations of the pancreatic and common bile ducts and may contribute information pertaining to the possibility of common duct obstruction by pancreatic fibrosis. In our opinion, cholestasis secondary to bile duct compression by a pseudocyst is an indication for operation. Each of our 10 patients had drainage of their pseudocysts. Cystoduodenostomy, performed in seven patients, was the method most commonly used. If there is concern regarding the patency of the common duct after drainage of the cyst, intraoperative cholangiography should be performed. This was carried out in three patients. In each patient, the preoperative elevations of serum alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin levels returned to normal limits after operative decompression of a pancreatic pseudocyst alone without an accompanying or subsequent bilioenteric bypass being required.
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PMID:Cholestasis due to compression of the common bile duct by pancreatic pseudocysts. 683 58

Case-report of a 54 year-old patient who was admitted with the clinical picture of an acute abdomen on the basis of intraabdominal haemorrhage. X-ray investigation discounted the diagnosis of ruptured aortic aneurysm, the CAT scan showed a suspected acute haemorrhagic necrotising pancreatitis. At laparotomy, a fatty, bleeding kidney tumour was found growing into the retroperitoneal tissue. The histological frozen-section showed a leimyo liposarcoma of the kidney. Bourneville-Pringle's disease was only afterwards known to be the basic illness of the patient, as was verified at postmortem examination. From the knowledge of these new facts, both the CAT-scan and the intra-operative and histological findings could be correctly interpreted.
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PMID:[Massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage in the Bourneville-Pringle syndrome (author's transl)]. 710 20

Early surgery for the treatment of acute necrotizing pancreatitis is important. With the CAT-scan we evaluated the extent of the lesions of the pancreatitis in 26 patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Due to severe clinical symptoms and the CAT-results 12 of these patients had to be operated. We found a good correlation between intraoperative extent of disease and the CAT-scan.
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PMID:[Axial tomodensitometry in acute pancreatitis]. 720 79

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis was studied in a new model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and cerulein-induced edematous pancreatitis in rats. Hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced by administering two intraperitoneal doses of cerulein [40 micrograms/kg body weight (BW)] at 1-h intervals following water immersion stress applied for 5 h. Edematous pancreatitis was induced by injecting cerulein as described but without water immersion. Five hours after the first injection of cerulein, pancreatic edema and elevation of serum amylase level were more marked in the animals with hemorrhagic than with edematous pancreatitis. Five hours after the first injection of cerulein, marked hemorrhage and venous dilatation were observed only in those with hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Local pancreatic blood flow decreased to approximately 60% of control values in the animals with edematous pancreatitis, and to approximately 30% of control values in those with hemorrhagic pancreatitis. To evaluate the involvement of oxygen radicals, some rats received three intraperitoneal injections of superoxide dismutase (SOD 10,700 U/kg BW) and catalase (132,000 U/kg BW) beginning 15 min before the first injection of cerulein and repeated at 1-h intervals. No significant effect of free radical scavengers was observed on the edematous pancreatitis. However, in hemorrhagic pancreatitis, treatment with SOD and catalase completely suppressed the hemorrhage and venous dilatation of the pancreas, significantly reduced the pancreatic wet weight and the serum amylase level, and reduced the histologic alterations. However, after treatment with SOD and catalase, no differences were observed in local pancreatic blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Role of oxygen-derived free radicals in hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by stress and cerulein in rats. 750 65

Studies in animal models suggest that oxygen radicals are important in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Cerulein, a decapeptide isolated from the skin of the frog, Hyla caerula, is closely related to the C-terminus of cholecystokinin and it is a potent stimulant of pancreatic exocrine secretion. The aim of the present study was to measure the activity of endogenous scavengers, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. We found that the plasma amylase and ribonuclease levels in the pancreatitis group were both significantly high (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) when compared with the control group. Although superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels of pancreatic tissue were decreased significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 respectively), we observed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in catalase activity in the cerulein treated group compared to the control group. Therefore, we concluded that the profound alteration of the activities of endogenous scavengers (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and glutathione depletion occurring after cerulein-induced pancreatitis seemed to be important in tissue injury and may provide the basis for successful therapy of the disease.
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PMID:The endogenous scavengers in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. 754 30

Effect of the complex of antiradical enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase in proportion 1:3) was studied on the experimental mode of acute pancreatitis. After thrice repeated administration of a complex of enzymes, antioxidant capacity of the blood serum normalized, activity of the enzymes of antioxidant protection of an organism and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased, concentration of extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin decreased, contributing to normalization of morphologic structure of the pancreas in 52% of the animals with hemorrhagic and in 70%--with oedematous form pancreatitis. The results obtained are indicative of possible correction of the changes in inflammatory process in the pancreas.
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PMID:[Use of anti-radical protection enzymes in the treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis]. 793 64

PAP is a pancreatic secretory protein expressed in the pancreas during the acute phase of pancreatitis. We have investigated the effect of the serum from rats with acute pancreatitis (SAP) on the expression of the PAP mRNA in AR-42J cells. PAP mRNA is strongly induced by SAP in a dose-dependent manner. This induction is abolished by preheating the SAP or diminished by treating the cells with cycloheximide. In addition, amylase but not actin mRNA expression was induced by a different SAP factor. We transfected the AR-42J cells with a chimeric gene containing 1.2 kbp 5'-flanking region of the PAP promoter linked to the CAT reporter gene. The CAT activity was significatively increased in the cells, on treating them with SAP. Our results show: first, SAP contains factors responsible for the PAP mRNA expression and secondly, the cis-acting elements are localized within the 1.2 kbp upstream region of the transcription initiation site.
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PMID:Serum from rats with acute pancreatitis induces expression of the PAP mRNA in the pancreatic acinar cell line AR-42J. 794 66

Caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats commonly complicated ARDS-like acute lung injury. Acute pancreatitis induced by caerulein in the circulating neutrophil-depleted rat by hydroxyrea or with the administration of SOD, CAT or Pentoxifylline, the wet lung weight, lung capillary endothelial permeability decrease significantly compared to the caerulein group (P < 0.05). There are no lung morphologic evidences of neutrophil sequestration, interstial edema, intralveolar hemorrhage that seen in caerulein infusion animals. But it has no effect against the development of acute pancreatitis. It suggested that neutrophil and neutrophil-derived oxygen radical are the important mediators of acute lung injury complicated by pancreatitis.
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PMID:[The role of pentoxifylline in acute lung injury complicated by pancreatitis]. 799 67

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of free radical ablation therapy in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced in 64 rats by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate. Thirty animals were pretreated with 100,000 units/kg/hr of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 400,000 units/kg catalase within the first 3 hr. After 0.5, 3.5, and 12 hr of observation time, serum enzymes and the tissue content of conjugated dienes, malondialdehyde, reduced and oxidized glutathione, as well as ATP, ADP and AMP were measured. In addition, tissue samples were examined by light microscopy. Untreated rats (N = 34) developed within 12 hr an acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis with a concomitant increase in serum enzyme levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione and ATP. Within the 12-hr observation period, 57% of the animals died. Scavenger treatment improved the tissue damage and attenuated the increase of the serum enzyme levels and the decrease in reduced glutathione and ATP. Moreover, the lethality rate was significantly lower. Oxygen radicals seem to be instrumental for the development of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. Thereby, antioxidant treatment reduces tissue damage, biochemical alterations and extrapancreatic complications, thus improving the final outcome.
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PMID:Effect of antioxidant treatment in rats with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. 817 16

We produced acute biliary reflux pancreatitis by an injection of auto-bile in 31 young mongrel dogs. We divided into control group (n = 10), catalase administration group (B1 group, n = 17) and no-administration group (B2 group, n = 14). We studied the histologic changes of the brain tissue in those groups. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between group B1 and B2. In the histologic findings, ischemic cell changes were dominant in both groups within one month, but after 3 or 6 months after operation in group B2, satellitosis and/or neuronophagia was recognized as the irreversible changes. The lipid peroxides level was significant high in group B2. Consequentially, it is natural to think that the production of free radicals have been inhibited by catalase and the histologic changes in the brain in group B1 have been light.
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PMID:[The role of catalase in histologic changes of acute experimental pancreatitis]. 872 Nov 11


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