Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of Venalot, a combination of two benzo-pyrones, on canine experimental acute pancreatitis was examined. Activities of lymph and blood plasma enzymes, thoracic duct lymph flow, and morphological changes of the pancreas were compared with those of a control group of dogs. The drug was found to enhance the removal of amylase and trypsin via lymph from the gland and to decrease the elevation of plasma amylase and lactate dehydrogenase. When administered simultaneously with the induction of pancreatitis, benzo-pyrones were effective in the reduction of pancreatic edema and necroses.
 ...
PMID:Lymph and blood enzymes and pathologic alterations in canine experimental pancreatitis after administration of benzo-pyrones. 44 82

Three hundred patients with acute pancreatitis have been studied. Pancreatitis was associated with alcoholism in 207, biliary tract disease in 51 and other conditions in 42. Twenty-two patients died, and an additional 34 patients required more than one week of treatment in the intensive care unit. Retrospective analysis of the first 100 patients identified 11 objective findings which correlated with the occurrence of serious illness or death. They were, on admission, age over 55 years, blood glucose level over 200 milligrams per cent, white blood count over 16,000 per cubic millimeter, serum lactic dehydrogenase level over 350 International units per liter and serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase level over 250 Sigma Frankel units per cent. During the initial 48 hours of therapy, the findings were hematocrit value decrease over 10 percentage points, serum calcium level below 8 milligrams per cent, base deficit over 4 milli-equivalents per liter, a blood urea nitrogen level increase over 5 milligrams per cent, estimated fluid sequestration over 6 liters and arterial oxygen tension less than 60 millimeters of mercury. Prospective application of these signs in the latter 200 patients permitted the accurate early identification of those with severe pancreatitis. Only one of 162 patients with fewer than three of these early features was seriously ill or died, while 24 of 38 patients with three or more early positive findings were seriously ill or died. The objective early identification of patients with severe pancreatitis permits more vigorous management of this group and also provides a basis for the selection of patients for the evaluation of proposed improved therapies. Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis in severe pancreatitis was evaluated in ten patients, with three or more positive early signs, who were randomly assigned to dialysis or continued conventional care. Morbidity was strikingly reduced in patients who underwent dialysis, and while death or more than nine days of intensive care occurred in two of five patients who did not receive dialysis, all five patients having dialysis recovered after fewer than nine days of intensive care treatment. Serious illness or death occurred in 31 of the first 100 patients but in only 26 of the more recent 200 patients. There has been a similar fall in mortality from 15.0 to 3.5 per cent. Factors which may contribute to this improvment include the objective early identification of patients with severe disease, the avoidance of early laparotomy whenever practical, the prolongation of nasogastric suction until all evidence of pancreatic inflammation has resolved, careful monitoring of respiratory function and early treatment of pulmonary complications and peritoneal dialysis in patients with severe disease.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. 94 Oct 75

Twenty-four dogs were divided into five groups. Under pentothal sodium anesthesia, those in the control group received no further manipulation; another group underwent laparotomy only; and dogs in the last three groups had induced pancreatitis, intestinal ischemia and duodenal perforation, respectively. An analysis was made of serum and peritoneal lavage fluid in the dog of each group at 30 minute intervals for four and one-half hours. Parameters which were significantly elevated in dogs with pancreatitis compared with other groups included fluid amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, proteolytic activity and intestinal alkaline phosphatase and serum amylase. We judge that these biochemical differences in the lavage fluid, when taken with the physical characteristics of the fluid and the clinical symptoms, can significantly aid the clinician in arriving at the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Use of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of experimental acute pancreatitis. 112 80

This in vivo and in vitro study demonstrates the protective effects of a new synthetic protease inhibitor--nafamostat mesilate, FUT-175--on increased cellular and lysosomal fragility within acinar cells during the early stage of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. FUT-175 prevented hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, congestion owing to amylase, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge from acini as well as cathepsin-B leakage from lysosomes dose-dependently in doses of 1-10 mg/kg.h. These results suggest that FUT-175 can protect against pancreatitis at subcellular levels in lysosomes and cellular or organelle membranes. Proteases may well play the important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, and such a low molecular protease inhibitor may be useful clinically in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of nafamostat mesilate on cellular and lysosomal fragility of acinar cells in rat cerulein pancreatitis. 128 Dec 4

The redistribution of cathepsin B, a lysosomal enzyme, from the lysosomal pellet to the zymogen pellet in the subcellular fractionation, the colocalization of cathepsin B with digestive enzyme, and increased cellular, lysosomal, and mitochondrial fragility within acinar cells have been found during the early stages of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. In the present study, the authors investigated the protective effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2, a combined therapy of these prostaglandins, and a new, synthetic, low molecular weight protease inhibitor, ONO3307, on the exocrine pancreas in this noninvasive model of experimental pancreatitis in vivo and in vitro. Prostaglandin E2, but not E1, prevented hyperamylasemia, congestion of amylase and trypsinogen in the acinar cells, redistribution of cathepsin B, and amylase and lactate dehydrogenase discharge from the dispersed acini. It also prevented cathepsin B leakage from the lysosomes and malate dehydrogenase leakage from the mitochondria in an almost dose-dependent manner, particularly at the dose of 100 micrograms/kg/hr continuous infusion. Furthermore, the combined therapy of prostaglandin E2 with ONO3307 strongly inhibited all the parameters tested in this study. This combination therapy seems to be the most effective against secretagogue-induced pancreatic injuries. These results indicate that cellular and subcellular organellar fragility seem to be closely involved in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Prostaglandin E2 seems to have important cytoprotective effects on the biologic membranes, such as a stabilizer of lysosomal or mitochondrial membranes. In addition, these findings also suggest the crucial roles of some unknown proteases in the etiology of acute pancreatitis, and indicate the clinical effectiveness of prostaglandins and this type of low molecular weight protease inhibitor for acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Cytoprotective effects of prostaglandins and a new potent protease inhibitor in acute pancreatitis. 128 94

The present study investigated the protective effects of the new potent synthetic protease inhibitors, ONO3307 (4-sulfamoyl phenyl-4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulfonate) and FOY007 (gabexate misilate), on the exocrine pancreas in rat caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. These protease inhibitors prevented hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, congestion of amylase, redistribution of lysosomal enzyme in acinar cells, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge from dispersed acini. They also inhibited the cathepsin B leakage from the lysosomes in a dose-dependent manner in doses of 2-10 mg/kg.h of ONO3307 and 20-50 mg/kg.h of FOY007. These results indicate that both ONO3307 and FOY007 exert protective effects against pancreatitis at subcellular levels in lysosomes and cellular or organelle membranes. Proteases appear to be important in the pathogenesis and development of acute pancreatitis, and low-molecular-weight protease inhibitors may be of clinical use in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Protection by a new synthetic protease inhibitor, ONO3307, of the rat exocrine pancreas during acute edematous pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of caerulein in comparison with FOY007. 138 36

We analyzed the role of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN)-elastase in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis in comparison with C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the two antiproteases alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) and alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M). Fifty-two patients with acute pancreatitis were subdivided according to morphological criteria into 29 patients with edematous pancreatitis and 23 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis. Within 5 days after the onset of acute pancreatitis, the accuracy rates for detecting necrotizing pancreatitis were 86%, 84%, 82%, 72%, and 69%, using cutoff levels of 120 mg/L for CRP, 120 micrograms/L for PMN-elastase, 270 U/L for LDH, 1.5 g/L for alpha 2-M, and 3.5 g/L for alpha 1-AT, respectively. The median peak value of PMN-elastase was reached on day 1 of acute pancreatitis in contrast to the median peak of CRP, which was at its highest between days 3 and 4. PMN-elastase represents a reliable indicator, comparable with CRP, for the staging of acute pancreatitis. The advantage of PMN-elastase over CRP appears to be its earlier increase and the greater dynamism of its serum course. Finally, the results suggest that CT scanning for the evaluation of the extent of intra- and extrapancreatic necrosis could be restricted to those patients with increased values of PMN-elastase and CRP.
 ...
PMID:PMN-elastase in comparison with CRP, antiproteases, and LDH as indicators of necrosis in human acute pancreatitis. 171 69

Earlier studies have reported that interstitial oedematous pancreatitis characterized by hyperamylasaemia can be seen during the early stage of stimulation of supramaximal dose of caerulein. The present study investigated the changes in both cellular and lysosomal fragility and the protective effects of a synthetic protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate (FOY) on this non-invasive model of experimental pancreatitis. The infusion of FOY (50 mg/kg/h) prevented the caerulein-induced increase in serum amylase and pancreatic oedema formation and reduced the elevated amylase content significantly. The administration of FOY with caerulein also reduced the increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge significantly and inhibited the cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes in an in vitro incubation system. These results indicate that FOY plays its protective role at the subcellular level--that is, in lysosomes by inhibiting some proteases such as phospholipase A2. The importance of esterases in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is demonstrated. This type of esterase inhibitor may be valuable clinically in the treatment of acute pancreatitis and these results also suggest the role of lysosomal fragility in the pathogenesis of progression of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Protection by gabexate mesilate (FOY) of the exocrine pancreas in rats with acute pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of caerulein. 171 33

The present study investigated the protective effect of a new potent synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123 (4-guanidinobenzoate methanesulfonate) on the exocrine pancreas in the caerulein induced experimental pancreatitis both in-vivo and in-vitro at 3 different doses (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg.hr). This protease inhibitor prevented hyperamylasemia, pancreatic edema, congestion of amylase, and both amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge from dispersed acini, as well as cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) leakage from mitochondria in a dose-dependent manner, particularly in doses of 2 and 5 mg/kg.hr. Furthermore, the combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of this agent seems to be very effective in preventing caerulein induced pancreatitis. These results indicate that E-3123 plays its protective roles against pancreatitis in the subcellular compartment: lysosomes, mitochondria, cellular or organella membranes. It is hoped that such a low molecular weight protease inhibitor as E-3123 will be clinically useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:A new synthetic protease inhibitor, E-3123, reduces organelle fragility of acinar cells in rat caerulein pancreatitis. 182 13

In 22 patients with acute pancreatitis caused by biliary calculi and 9 healthy controls the rate of hepatic elimination of phenazone was measured. The aim of the study was evaluation of the oxidative-detoxicating action of the liver in this disease in relation to its severity. In pancreatitis patients the half-time (T2) of phenazone was significantly (p less than 0.01 longer than in healthy subjects (23.6 +/- 10.5 vs 13.2 +/- 7.2 hrs). The T2 of phenazone was not correlated with the concentrations of transaminases, bilirubin and prothrombin, but was correlated positively with the concentration of hepatic lactic dehydrogenase (p less than 0.001). In the initial stage of pancreatitis the T2 of phenazone was without prognostic significance and showed no agreement with Ranson's clinical-laboratory classification of the severity of the disease. The degree of impairment of the hepatic metabolism of phenazone measured with the percent difference between T2 of phenazone in both tests was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater in the group of patients with complications than in those without pancreatitis complications (70.7 +/- 64.4% vs 21.4 +/- 16.2%). Biliary pancreatitis impairs the oxidative-reductive function of the liver proportionally to the degree of hepatic lactic dehydrogenase in the serum. Evaluation of the rate of hepatic elimination of phenazone in the initial stage of this pancreatitis was without prognostic importance for the severity of the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of acute biliary pancreatitis on liver metabolism of phenazone]. 221 33


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>