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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

97 chronic alcoholic patients were investigated with regard to exocrine pancreatic function. Chronic calcifying pancreatitis was radiologically established in 7.2% of the cases. Secretin-pancreozymin tests were performed in 30 patients. Pancreatic insufficiency was found in 8 patients, while 8 patients showed marked hypersection. The daily faecal fat excretion in 10 other patients with partial gastrectomy and Billroth II operation was 5.3 g. Pancreatic disorders were, thus, detected in 53.2% cases of chronic alcoholism. This is higher than expected for Austria.
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PMID:[Exocrine pancreatic function in chronic alcoholics in Austria (author's transl)]. 87 90

To clarify a possible cause of hyperamylasemia in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), histological studies were performed on the pancreatic glands of twenty-seven autopsied patients with ESRD who had received long-term hemodialysis. The findings were compared with those in a similar number of age-matched control subjects. Histological evidence of pancreatitis was found in 51.9% of the ESRD patients as compared with 14.8% in the controls (p < 0.005). The pancreatitis was chronic in nature in 85.7% of the ESRD patients showing changes of pancreatitis. Secretin administration to an additional group of twelve patients with ESRD induced an elevation in the activities of both total and P-type serum amylase in only one patient. These findings suggest that although histological pancreatic alterations are common in patients with ESRD, they are probably not responsible for the P-type hyperamylasemia frequently found in such patients.
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PMID:Histological pancreatitis in end-stage renal disease. 128 64

Infusion of supramaximal concentrations of the synthetic pancreozymin analog cerulein induces acute edematous pancreatitis in the rat. Vacuolization and necrosis of acinar cells is paralleled by an almost complete reduction of pancreatic secretion from the cannulated duct. Preinfusion or coinfusion of synthetic secretin slightly increases pancreatic volume and protein secretion. This effect is only transient, and is always overcome by the actions of cerulein. Secretin does not prevent or improve the cellular destruction of the acinar cells. The results suggest that secretin has no beneficial effect on hormone-induced pancreatitis.
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PMID:Failure of secretin to prevent or ameliorate cerulein-induced pancreatitis in the rat. 240 82

The effects of the cholecystokinin (CCK)-receptor antagonist proglumide, the protease inhibitor gabexate, and the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) were studied in a model of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced by feeding mice a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Injections of gabexate and proglumide from initiation of CDE diet (before induction of pancreatitis) increased survival from 37% (diet alone) to 85 and 75%, respectively, and also ameliorated histological alterations and increases in serum amylase concentration and pancreatic activated trypsin. Secretin had no major beneficial effect. When proglumide or gabexate were given after induction of pancreatitis, proglumide still increased survival to 75%, whereas gabexate no longer did. Injection of nontoxic doses of CCK-8 before proglumide or gabexate injections completely abolished all beneficial effects and also increased the severity of pancreatitis due to CDE diet alone. Blockade of CCK receptors and early inhibition of protease activity may be beneficial in severe acute pancreatitis. Cholecystokinin appears to play a contributory role in the development of pancreatitis.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of cholecystokinin-receptor blockade and inhibition of proteolytic enzyme activity in experimental acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis in mice. Evidence for cholecystokinin as a major factor in the development of acute pancreatitis. 242 40

A vascular pathogenesis of pancreatitis has been postulated in diabetics, the aged, Ortner's Syndrome, and various low-flow states. This report studies canine pancreatic secretion in a preparation of hypovolemic shock produced by controlled hemorrhage maintained for varying durations. Pancreatic secretion was collected by cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in anesthetized dogs. Secretin was administered by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4 U/kg/h. Four 15-min samples of pancreatic juice were collected. Then the dogs were bled by arterial line withdrawing 25-30% of total blood volume or until the mean blood pressure dropped to about 60 mmHg. Blood was collected in heparinized containers for reinfusion. Blood samples for amylase and 15-min samples of pancreatic juice for volume, bicarbonate, and enzymes were obtained during hypovolemia as well as during and following restoration of the blood volume. Hypovolemia induced significant decreases in pancreatic flow, bicarbonate and amylase secretion, parameters which increased after reinfusion but never returned to pre-shock levels. Increasing the period of hypovolemia increased the inhibition of pancreatic flow, increased blood amylase elevation, and resulted in visible pancreatic edema. We conclude that pancreatic secretion is diminished by hypovolemia, that this is initially reversible when hypovolemia is brief, but that the disturbance of function progresses to inflammatory pathology when hypovolemia is prolonged.
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PMID:The effect of hypovolemic shock on pancreatic secretion. 244 70

Pancreas divisum is the most common anatomical variant of pancreatic ductal anatomy. It has been suggested that obstruction at the accessory papilla in subjects with pancreas divisum can be assessed by measurement of ductal diameter by ultrasonic examination after a maximal secretory stimulus with i.v. secretin. We have prospectively assessed this test in 44 individuals; nine healthy controls, nine patients with abdominal pain and normal pancreatic anatomy, 17 patients with pancreas divisum and abdominal pain but no other evidence of pancreatitis, and nine patients with pancreas divisum and either chronic or recurrent acute pancreatitis. We have found no correlation between ductal anatomy and response to i.v. secretin. Secretin provocation tests do not indicate which patients have accessory papillary stenosis and do not add support to the hypothesis of obstruction leading to pancreatitis in patients with pancreas divisum.
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PMID:Pancreatic duct dilatation after secretin stimulation in patients with pancreas divisum. 266 Jan 34

The onset, course, and regression of the biochemical and structural alterations associated with pancreatitis induced by various doses of caerulein were studied in the mouse. In addition, the protective effect of secretin was compared with that of the cholecystokinin-receptor antagonists proglumide and benzotript. Subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of caerulein induced increases in serum amylase concentration and pancreatic weight and histologic evidence of acute pancreatitis, all effects being dose-related. Cytoplasmic vacuoles were the earliest histologic alterations. As the pancreatitis progressed these vacuoles increased to an enormous size. Interstitial inflammation and acinar cell necrosis were prominent after 6 h, reached a maximum after 12 h, and mostly disappeared after 4 days. During the course of pancreatitis approximately 40% of the acinar cells showed signs of severe degeneration or necrosis at the most effective doses of caerulein. Electron microscopy showed both intact and degenerating granules inside the vacuoles. Signs of basolateral exocytosis of zymogen granules were not observed. During the regression of pancreatitis, focal atrophy was a remarkable histologic finding. Repetitive initiation of pancreatitis (six courses of caerulein injections over 5 wk) produced marked focal atrophy and early fibrosis. High doses of proglumide or benzotript markedly ameliorated both the biochemical and structural alterations induced by caerulein. Secretin, even at very high doses, had only minor protective effects. This study presents a model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in which the severity of the induced pancreatitis ranges dose-dependently from mild interstitial inflammation to severe necrosis. The ultrastructural alterations described herein support the hypothesis that the trigger mechanism of acute pancreatitis appears to be a primary intracellular event rather than an interstitial event that secondarily damages the acinar cells.
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PMID:Caerulein-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice: protective effects of proglumide, benzotript, and secretin. 298 80

Lactoferrin (LF), chymotrypsin and lipase activity were measured in duodenal juice during pancreatic stimulation. Secretin (0.5 CU/kg/h) plus cerulein (75 ng/kg/h) were infused intravenously in 98 subjects: 33 patients without organic diseases (C), 40 patients affected by chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 25 patients with different gastrointestinal diseases (GID). LF was determined by means of a new noncompetitive immunoenzymatic assay with a sensitivity in the duodenal juice of 5 ng/ml. Duodenal LF concentrations were significantly higher in CP than in C or GID (p less than 0.001). LF was in a normal range in acute relapsing pancreatitis due to biliary stones or pancreas divisum. In the diagnosis of the chronic pancreatitis, LF/lipase ratios showed a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 95%. Our results show that LF immunoassay in duodenal juice is a sensitive and accurate assay to apply in pancreatic function tests involving duodenal content analysis.
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PMID:Duodenal lactoferrin in patients with chronic pancreatitis and gastrointestinal diseases. 406 44

Inhibition of pancreatic secretion is a widely accepted therapeutical principle of acute pancreatitis. However, stimulation of water and bicarbonate secretion may be beneficial by washing out the ductular system in pancreatitis. Secretin (2 and 16 CU/kg body weight) or saline were given to rats at different time intervals after induction of sodium taurocholate pancreatitis. Pancreatic necrosis and edema were slightly more marked after secretin but secretin had no influence on the survival time and rate or enzymatic parameters. It is concluded that in the rat secretin-induced pancreatic secretion does not alter the course of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Influence of secretin on the course of acute experimental pancreatitis in rats. 687 5

Eleven healthy volunteers (C) and nine patients affected by chronic relapsing pancreatitis (CP) were administered N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-PABA orally, at a dose of 150 mg combined, on different days, with: 1) water alone (schedule a); 2) Lundh meal (schedule b); 3) Secretin-Caerulein by i.v. infusion (0.5 CU/kg/hr and 75 ng/kg/hr respectively) (schedule c); 4) Caerulein by i.m. injection (300 ng/kg) (schedule d). The mean urinary PABA recovery in CP was lower than in C with all the schedules, but this was statistically significant only with schedules a and c (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.05 respectively). With respect to b, c, and d, the mean urinary PABA recovery seemed to increase both in C and in CP as compared with schedule a, but only in the CP group with schedule b was the increase statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The present data show that the exocrine pancreatic stimulants do not improve the reliability of the PABA test.
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PMID:Urinary PABA recovery after oral N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-PABA administration combined with various exocrine pancreatic stimulants. 697 Jan 60


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