Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nitroglycerine, acting a nitric oxide donor, is known to relax visceral smooth muscle. We report a case where pain associated with pancreatitis after ERCP was successfully treated with sublingual nitroglycerine 0.5 mg. The analgesic effect lasted approximately two hours. Further controlled studies should evaluate the effect of nitroglycerine on pain associated with pancreatitis as well as clarify the mechanisms involved.
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PMID:[Effect of sublingual nitroglycerin on pain following ERCP]. 912 35

A 56-year-old female, who had been suffering from heart failure and diabetes mellitus, underwent posterior instrumentation in the prone position and anterior interbody fusion in the right lateral decubitus position for pyogenic spondylitis between the fourth and fifth lumbar spine under general and epidural anesthesia. We induced hypotensive anesthesia by using continuous infusion of dopamine, prostaglandin E1 and nitroglycerin in order to prevent heart failure and reduce the blood loss. After the operation, the patient complained of upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. We found high levels of serum amylase and other pancreatic enzymes. The massive gas of small intestine was pooled in abdominal X-P, and the pancreatic head was slightly swollen in abdominal CT and US. Therefore we came to the diagnosis of postoperative acute pancreatitis. We administered a single bolus intravenous infusion of ulinastatine and continuous venous infusion of gabexate mesilate. As the serum amylase level gradually decreased, the patient improved. We suspect that postoperative pancreatitis was due to invasive anesthetic and surgical stress on the patient who had had pancreatitis in the preoperative period.
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PMID:[A case of acute pancreatitis that occurred after an operation of the lumbar spine]. 1088 49

The incidence of clinically significant pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) ranges from 1-13.5%. It is more common after therapeutic procedures such as sphincterotomy or balloon dilatation of the sphincter, and diagnostic procedures such as biliary or pancreatic manometry. The severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis may vary from very mild to extremely severe disease with multiple organ failure and fatal outcome. Several factors including papillary oedema, injection of hyperosmolar contrast-material, introduction of previously activated enzymes during repeated cannulation, bacterial contamination and thermal injury from endoscopic sphincterotomy have been implicated as triggering factors that initiate the sequential cascade of pancreatic autodigestion and release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to acute pancreatitis. Recovery from post-ERCP pancreatitis is usually rapid when the injury is confined to the pancreas. However, systemic production of inflammatory mediators may lead to the development of more serious manifestations including multiorgan failure.A wide range of pharmacological agents has been tested in experimental and clinical trials, but the results have been largely disappointing. Several drugs are discussed in this review, but only somatostatin and gabexate (gabexate mesilate) have consistently shown a moderate beneficial effect. In clinical trials, both gabexate and somatostatin appear equally effective in reducing the incidence of pancreatitis by two-thirds compared with controls. However, both drugs need to be given by continuous infusion for about 12 hours and this makes them less cost-effective than conventional treatment. One potential strategy is to reserve these drugs for high-risk patients undergoing ERCP. Preliminary studies have shown encouraging results with nitroglycerin, antibacterials and heparin. However, these observations need to be corroborated in a rigorous fashion in large, randomised, double-blind, controlled trials. If these drugs are found to be effective in further trials, it may become cost-effective to use them routinely for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Despite the theoretical benefits, interleukin-10 has not shown a consistent benefit in clinical trials. It is probable that other cytokine inhibitors or modulators may become available for future trials to prevent pancreatitis or more probably, to reduce the severity of pancreatitis. Further research also should focus on developing newer molecules or the use of a combination of currently available drugs to prevent pancreatitis in high-risk patients undergoing therapeutic ERCP procedures.
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PMID:Pharmacological prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis. 1292 86

The objective of this research paper is to evaluate the effect of prophylactic nitroglycerin in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) by performing a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library, and the Science Citation Index, were searched to retrieve relevant trials. Outcome measures were the incidence of PEP. Four RCTs, enrolling a total of 856 patients, were included. Meta-analysis of these trials indicated a significant association between the use of nitroglycerin and the reduction of PEP (RR 0.60; 95%CI: 0.39-0.92; P = 0.02). However, subsequent sensitive analysis failed to confirm that nitroglycerin was statistically superior to a placebo in reducing PEP (RR 0.68; 95%CI: 0.41-1.11; P = 0.12). Based on the limitations in this meta-analysis, prophylactic use of nitroglycerine for all patients who underwent ERCP is not recommended. Further clinical trials are required to confirm the effect of nitroglycerin in the prevention of PEP.
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PMID:Nitroglycerin in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. 1916 42

Pancreatitis is notorious to cause vascular complications. While arterial complications include pseudoaneurysm formation with a propensity to bleed, venous complications can be quite myriad. Venous involvement in pancreatitis often presents with thrombosis. From time to time case reports and series of unusual venous complications associated with pancreatitis have, however, been described. In this article, we review multitudinous venous complications in the setting of pancreatitis and propose a system to classify pancreatitis associated venous complications.
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PMID:Venous complications of pancreatitis: a review. 2564 Jul 78

Although ethanol causes acute pancreatitis (AP) and lipolytic fatty acid (FA) generation worsens AP, the contribution of ethanol metabolites of FAs, ie, FA ethyl esters (FAEEs), to AP outcomes is unclear. Previously, pancreata of dying alcoholics and pancreatic necrosis in severe AP, respectively, showed high FAEEs and FAs, with oleic acid (OA) and its ethyl esters being the most abundant. We thus compared the toxicities of FAEEs and their parent FAs in severe AP. Pancreatic acini and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to FAs or FAEEs in vitro. The triglyceride of OA (i.e., glyceryl tri-oleate) or OAEE was injected into the pancreatic ducts of rats, and local and systemic severities were studied. Unsaturated FAs at equimolar concentrations to FAEEs induced a larger increase in cytosolic calcium, mitochondrial depolarization, and necro-apoptotic cell death. Glyceryl tri-oleate but not OAEE resulted in 70% mortality with increased serum OA, a severe inflammatory response, worse pancreatic necrosis, and multisystem organ failure. Our data show that FAs are more likely to worsen AP than FAEEs. Our observations correlate well with the high pancreatic FAEE concentrations in alcoholics without pancreatitis and high FA concentrations in pancreatic necrosis. Thus, conversion of FAs to FAEE may ameliorate AP in alcoholics.
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PMID:Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Are Less Toxic Than Their Parent Fatty Acids Generated during Acute Pancreatitis. 2687 14

Acute pancreatitis is the major complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). A preliminary research suggested that the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with nitroglycerin might reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) more effectively than NSAIDs alone. We conduct a two-arm, multicenter, prospective, randomized, superiority trial to evaluate the additional effect of nitroglycerin for prevention of PEP. A total of 900 patients randomly receive 50 mg diclofenac suppository either alone or with 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate sublingual tablet. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of PEP. This study will clarify whether NSAIDs plus nitroglycerin can prevent PEP.
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PMID:A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Rectal Diclofenac and Sublingual Nitroglycerin as a Combined Prophylactic Treatment for Post-ERCP Pancreatitis. 2777 36