Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 35-year-old man ingested food contaminated with lindane, an insecticide containing almost pure gamma hexachlorocyclohexane. Grand mal seizures and severe acidemia developed rapidly. The seizures recurred for nearly 2 hours, then ceased. In addition, the patient had muscle weakness and pain, headaches, episodic hypertension, myoglobinuria, acute renal failure and anemia. Pancreatitis developed 13 days after the ingestion of lindane. A muscle biopsy on the 15th day of illness demonstrated widespread necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres. The patient's condition improved and he was discharged 24 days after the onset of his illness. During the year following the poisoning the patient noted difficulty with recent memory, loss of libido and easy fatigability. One year after lindane ingestion the results of physical examination, including those for muscle power and bulk, were normal.
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PMID:Acute lindane poisoning with development of muscle necrosis. 7 42

An outbreak of acute methyl alcohol intoxication occurred in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, in March 1977. Twenty-eight young men attended a drinking party and drank methyl alcohol. The amount consumed by each individual ranged from an equivalent of 60--600 ml of pure methanol. Three had prior ethanol ingestion. All 28 became ill 8--36 hours after drinking and were hospitalized. The most commonly observed clinical syndromes were: acute metabolic acidosis, severe visual impairment and acute pancreatitis. Four died within 72 hours after admission to the hospital. All had severe metabolic acidosis and visual impairment and three pancreatitis. Of 24 who recovered, 16 showed no residual complications, six had bi-lateral visual impairment and two had difficulty in speech as well as visual impairment. A three month follow-up examination showed no change in the findings. Coma, seizures and prolonged acidosis were poor prognostic signs. The estimated amount of consumed methanol and the rapidity of the appearance of signs of toxicity following methanol ingestion did not seem to influence the outcome of poisoning. The treatment of acute methyl alcohol intoxication in centres where dialysis is not available is discussed.
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PMID:An outbreak of acute methyl alcohol intoxication. 28 45

The study was designed to determine the prevalence of alcoholism/problem drinking among emergency medical admissions. Of 203 emergency admissions to two medical wards, 18% were found to be problem drinkers, using the brief Michigan alcoholic screening test (MAST) questionnaire. Problem drinking was found in 31% of males and 5% of females. Most drinking was done with friends (77%) and at the "rum shop" (62%). Fifty-one per cent of problem drinkers started between the ages of sixteen and twenty years. Seventy per cent of all problem drinkers had a first degree family relative who drank compared to 28% of non-drinkers. A high prevalence of alcoholism (48%) was found among smokers. Housestaff detected just over half of male (56%) and female (60%) alcoholics who were MAST-positive. Medical diagnoses among MAST-positive patients were gastrointestinal (cirrhosis, pancreatitis and hepatitis) in 32%, neurological (delirium tremens, seizures and subdural hematoma) in 27% and cardiovascular (cardiomyopathy, heart failure and dysrhythmias) in 16%. The detected level of problem drinking is likely to cause significant morbidity, and allows an important opportunity for intervention. The use of questionnaire methods to screen for alcoholism needs further evaluation in the region.
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PMID:Questionnaire detection of problem drinkers among acute medical admissions. 189 23

We describe three patients with seizure disorders in whom pancreatitis or pancreatic injury was probably caused by valproic acid, a widely used anticonvulsant drug. Trivial or no increases of serum amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) but striking increases of serum lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) were common to all patients, as assayed in the Kodak Ektachem. In vitro, valproic acid does not cause any change in serum lipase. In patients with symptoms suggestive of pancreatitis and abnormal values for amylase and (or) lipase, treatment with valproic acid should be discontinued.
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PMID:Valproic acid-associated pancreatitis: report of three cases and a brief review. 210 64

Four children treated with maintenance dialysis, three peritoneal and one hemodialysis, developed pancreatitis while receiving valproic acid (VPA) for chronic seizure disorders. Two patients recovered, eventually resuming VPA therapy after successful cadaveric renal transplantation. Two children died after complications of pancreatitis. No episodes of pancreatitis occurred in the other 74 children in this maintenance dialysis population; none of whom received VPA. Although pancreatitis is a known complication of VPA treatment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), this is the first reported series specifically relating pancreatitis to VPA administration in children treated with maintenance dialysis. The literature related to the association of pancreatitis with VPA administration and ESRD therapy is briefly reviewed and the clinical implications are discussed.
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PMID:Pancreatitis in children on chronic dialysis treated with valproic acid. 211 13

80 patients (P) (68 men and twelve women) with the diagnosis of delirium tremens were retrospectively analyzed and reexamined over a period of ten years (1974 to 1984). Included were only patients who--after failure of oral medication--required intravenous therapy with Chlomethiazol and thereby intensive care treatment. Mean age was 46.2 (26 to 75) years. During the observation period delirium tremens increased in frequency by 11% each year. Nine patients had two, six patients three and two patients four episodes of delirium tremens. In 86.7% delirium tremens occurred with fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis, epileptic seizures, cirrhosis and hepatic coma, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and pancreatitis. Eight patients (10%) died in hospital at a mean age of 53.2 years. None of the deceased had less than three (on average four) complicating or associated diseases. These were mostly pneumonia, cirrhosis, hepatic coma, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The mean duration of intravenous Chlomethiazol therapy was 4.7 (0.25 to 20) days, the applied dose 26.2 (0.8 to 78.6) grams, there being no significant difference between survivors and non-survivors. Of the 72 survivors 62 were invited for follow-up examination after an average of five years. During this period another twelve patients (15%) died of pneumonia, gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiocirculatory failure and accidents. Life expectancy was only 9.3 years. Of 29 patients who came for follow-up, 55% showed clinical evidence of alcohol dependency, 65% had elevated gamma-glutamyl-transferase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Severe course of delirium tremens. Results of treatment and late prognosis]. 262 19

In a prospective open study of 20 male epileptic residents of a mental handicap institution, polytherapy was gradually reduced to valproate monotherapy in 18 subjects. In terms of seizure frequency this was significantly disadvantageous but when carbamazepine was added or substituted, seizure control improved significantly. Drugs with documented adverse effects on cognitive function such as phenobarbitone and phenytoin were phased out. In the 18 subjects who achieved valproate monotherapy, no association between serum levels and seizure control could be demonstrated. Adverse effects of valproate were pancreatitis and thrombocytopenia; in one subject thrombocytopenia appeared to be associated with levels in the toxic range but in six other subjects 'toxic' levels of valproate did not give rise to any clinically detectable toxic signs. There was no instance of tremor or weight gain. It was concluded that, in the population studied (institutionalized patients with chronically uncontrolled seizures) valproate monotherapy was inappropriate but carbamazepine with or without valproate was a better option. Phasing out phenytoin and phenobarbitone was successful. Valproate serum levels did not contribute significantly to the conduct of the study; no general relationship between valproate serum levels and either seizure control or toxicity could be demonstrated.
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PMID:Is valproate monotherapy a practical possibility in chronically uncontrolled epilepsy? 312 41

A 17 year old girl with chronic relapsing pancreatitis since the age of 11 developed focal seizures, leukopenia, anemia and thrombozytopenia, signs suggesting lupus erythematodes. All immunologic investigations, including tests for Anti-DNS-Antibodies were negative, however. Therapy with prednisone and azathioprine resulted in clinical remission. Reduction of the immunosuppression lead to a severe crisis, which was controlled by plasmaseparation and cyclophosphamide. Subsequent analysis of circulating immune complexes revealed bound anti-DNS-antibodies.
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PMID:[Acute recurrent pancreatitis as the main symptom of lupus erythematosus disseminatus in childhood]. 325 73

The therapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine (CsA) as an immunosuppressive agent was complemented by a modest, long-term incidence of toxic complications in 402 renal allograft recipients engrafted one to five years prior to analysis. The overall patient and graft survivals at one year were 97% and 84% (actual), and at five years 92% and 67% (actuarial). The immunosuppressive therapeutic index was excellent: only 12% of allografts were lost from rejection, with 5% of patients succumbing to infection. While infections were common, tending to emanate in the urinary tract or to be viral in etiology, they were generally mild and readily controlled. Only four patients displayed malignancies; none succumbed to this cause. The most common toxic complication was hypertrichosis, which was accentuated in pediatric patients. While tremors occurred in 20% of patients, primarily during the first three months, other neuroectodermal complications of parethesias, depression, somnolence, and seizures were rare. Hepatotoxicity, which was noted in 50% of patients, particularly recipients of cadaveric grafts, generally was first seen as a transaminase elevation, at least partially reversible by dose-reduction and abating by the third year. Associated disturbances of cholelithiasis and pancreatitis were occasionally observed. Nephrotoxicity was the only persistent, long-term complication. Hypertension occurred in 72% of patients during the first month, 36% in the second year, and about 15% thereafter. Hyperuricemia, which occurred in about 30% of recipients during the first two years, was occasionally associated with symptomatic gout. The mean serum creatinine level remained elevated throughout the follow-up period at 1.8-1.9 mg/dl, suggesting persistent, but nonprogressive, drug-induced renal injury. The present analysis documents the relative safety of CsA for long-term therapy, and highlights the need for new approaches to ameliorate drug-induced nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Complications of cyclosporine-prednisone immunosuppression in 402 renal allograft recipients exclusively followed at a single center for from one to five years. 354 76

The significance of megamitochondria in the alcoholic liver injury of humans was investigated as part of a large Veterans Administration cooperative study of the natural history of alcoholic hepatitis. Two hundred twenty patients were clinically stratified into the following three groups according to disease severity using serum bilirubin and prothrombin time as indicators: Group 1 (mild disease), serum bilirubin levels less than 5 mg/dl and prothrombin time prolonged for less than 4 s; group 2 (moderate disease), serum bilirubin levels greater than 5 mg/dl but prothrombin time prolonged for less than 4 s; and group 3 (severe disease), serum bilirubin levels greater than 5 mg/dl and prothrombin time prolonged for greater than 4 s. Megamitochondria were observed in 20% of the patients (45 of 220). Of these, 43 patients were in groups 1 and 2 of severity and only 1 patient belonged in group 3. The association of megamitochondria with cirrhosis was infrequent (33%, 15 of 45 patients). The differences in severity correlated with the differences in mortality: in patients with megamitochondria, only 1 had died at 6 mo compared with 40 deaths in patients without megamitochondria. By 12 mo, there were two deaths in patients with megamitochondria versus 51 deaths in those patients without. No complications were present in 72% of patients with megamitochondria versus 39% for those without. Infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, hyperglycemia, azotemia, delirium tremens, seizures, and hepatic encephalopathy were all more common in patients without megamitochondria. The patients with megamitochondria appear to represent a subcategory of alcoholic hepatitis with a milder degree of clinical severity, lower incidence of cirrhosis, fewer complications, and good long-term survival.
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PMID:Significance of megamitochondria in alcoholic liver disease. 369 4


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