Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0030305 (pancreatitis)
 16,014 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 5 out of 35 patients with acute, acute relapsing and chronic pancreatitis, barium enema revealed partial colonic stenosis at the splenic flexure. In 3 patients laparotomy disclosed colonic perforation with abscess, adhesions between colon and pancreas or a marked pancreatic edema. In two patients barium enema follow-up 3-6 months later showed spontaneous resolution of the stenosis. Comparison with 35 cases in the literature shows that colonic stenosis after pancreatitis is usually incomplete, located at the splenic flexure and due to adhesions between the colon and the pancreas. Spasmodic pains in the upper abdomen, increasing constipation and often rectal bleeding or positive guaiac test of the stool may indicate colonic stenosis. Spontaneous resolution is possible, but if operation is indicated the adhesions should be carefully dissected in order to obviate resections of the colon or the pancreas.
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PMID:[Colonic stenosis after pancreatitis]. 100 43

An individual who has cystic fibrosis (CF) may suffer from gastrointestinal problems related to inadequately controlled intestinal absorption secondary to the pancreatic insufficiency. These include neonatal meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), constipation and acquired megacolon, rectal prolapse and rarely pancreatitis. If the intestinal malabsorption is well controlled with an effective pancreatic enzyme preparation, DIOS, constipation and rectal prolapse are infrequent. Persisting gastrointestinal symptoms should be investigated thoroughly to exclude other disorders not directly related to the cystic fibrosis; these include cows' milk intolerance, coeliac disease, giardiasis, Crohn's disease and intra-abdominal malignancy. Both appendicitis and intussusception may cause difficult diagnostic problems particularly in patients who may also have distal ileal obstruction syndrome.
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PMID:Cystic fibrosis: gastrointestinal complications. 145 4

The development of potent and specific CCK-receptor antagonists made it possible to evaluate the physiological role of CCK for various gastrointestinal functions. The results of these studies show that CCK is the hormone which principally mediates meal-induced gallbladder emptying. In addition, CCK appears to play an important role in maintaining the fasting muscular tone of the gallbladder. In contrast, CCK-antagonists could inhibit only about 50% of the meal-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion. Because of their marked relaxing effect on the gallbladder, CCK-antagonists might become an important clinical tool for treatment of gallbladder spasms and colics. On the other hand, long-term application of CCK-antagonists will increase the risk of stone formation in the gallbladder. CCK-antagonists also had beneficial effects in some animal models of acute pancreatitis. As yet, it is unclear whether CCK-antagonists might become useful for the treatment of human pancreatitis. Since CCK-antagonists only slightly inhibited pancreatic growth, it is unlikely that they will exert major inhibitory effects against growth of pancreatic carcinoma. CCK-antagonists failed to alter gastric emptying of a normal mixed solid-liquid meal, but accelerated gastric emptying of purely liquid meals. Thus, CCK-antagonists are not likely to become useful agents to treat alterations of gastric emptying. The studies with CCK-antagonists further showed that CCK plays only a minor role in the regulation of the motility of the small and large intestine. CCK is probably not involved in the regulation of the gastrocolonic response after a meal. Some reports indicate that CCK-antagonists might increase colonic transit and might therefore be useful to treat constipation.
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PMID:[Applicability of CCK receptor antagonists in physiologic and therapeutic studies]. 163 16

Two hundred and eighty-nine patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in the years 1956-79 have been followed up for a mean period of 5 years. The aim of the study was to investigate the symptomatology of PHPT and the disappearance of the symptoms after operative treatment. Of the presenting symptoms hypercalcaemic crisis and cystic bone changes were cured, and none of the patients with pancreatitis as presenting symptom had a recurrence. In the renal stone group, 10% of the patients had recurring stones during the follow-up period. The presenting symptom disappeared in 84% of the patients. Thirty-five% of the patients had no presenting symptom and were classified as "asymptomatic", though, on questioning, most of them had various symptoms which disappeared postoperatively. Malaise, fatigue and muscular weakness disappeared in 79% of the patients, upper abdominal pains in 66%, constipation in 63%, pains in the extremities in 51% depression in 65%. Hypertension increased by 28% during the follow-up period; only three of the 90 patients with hypertension has discontinued antihypertensive treatment postoperatively. During the follow-up study, 6% of the patients were hypercalcaemic, though the serum calcium was only slightly elevated in almost all of these patients (mean +/- SD 2.75 +/- 0.09 mmol/l) and most of them had the multiglandular form of PHPT. The renal function did not deteriorate as much as was expected on the basis of earlier reports; only two patients had a serum creatinine over 500 mumol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Long-term effect of surgical treatment on the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism. 407 2

A careful history can localize gastrointestinal motility disorders and suggest appropriate diagnostic tests. Dysphagia, odynophagia, heartburn and reflux have esophageal origins. The same symptoms occur in achalasia, a classic motor disorder of the lower esophageal sphincter, which can be diagnosed by barium swallow, endoscopy and esophageal motility studies. Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, bloating and abdominal pain are symptoms of motor disorders of the stomach and small intestine. When these symptoms are accompanied by unexplained right upper quadrant pain, elevated liver enzyme levels and unexplained recurrent pancreatitis, the diagnosis of impaired biliary motility is suggested. Colorectal motility disorders may present as abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation and/or fecal incontinence. If symptoms do not resolve with dietary changes and appropriate medications and the anatomy is normal on lower gastrointestinal studies, colorectal motility studies may be indicated.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal motility disorders. 859 65

Tricyclic antidepressants are a class of drugs commonly used for the treatment of depression. Tricyclic antidepressants account for approximately 20 to 25 per cent of drug overdoses that require acute medical admission. The most common cause of mortality is cardiovascular toxicity (e.g., arrhythmia, heart block, or hypotension). Other morbidities include conditions secondary to anticholinergic effects (central and peripheral) and respiratory complications. Ileus, constipation and urinary retention are common peripheral anticholinergic sequelae, whereas unusual complications include pancreatitis, intestinal pseudo-obstruction with cecal perforation, and sigmoid colon gangrene. We report a case of imipramine overdose that was complicated by toxic megacolon with an associated perforation.
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PMID:Imipramine overdose complicated by toxic megacolon. 952 Aug 15

Acupuncture has been used for various gastrointestinal (GI) conditions. Voluminous data support the effect of acupuncture on the physiology of the GI tract, including acid secretion, motility, neurohormonal changes, and changes in sensory thresholds. Much of the neuroanatomic pathway of these effects has been identified in animal models. A large body of clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of acupuncture for suppressing nausea associated with chemotherapy, postoperative state, and pregnancy. Prospective randomized controlled trials have also shown the efficacy of acupuncture for analgesia for endoscopic procedures, including colonoscopy and upper endoscopy. Acupuncture has also been used for a variety of other conditions including postoperative ileus, achalasia, peptic ulcer disease, functional bowel diseases (including irritable bowel syndrome and nonulcer dyspepsia), diarrhea, constipation, inflammatory bowel disease, expulsion of gallstones and biliary ascariasis, and pain associated with pancreatitis. Although there are few prospective randomized clinical studies, the well-documented physiological basis of acupuncture effects on the GI tract, and the extensive history of successful clinical use of acupuncture, makes this a promising modality that warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Acupuncture for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disorders. 1010 29

Thalidomide has one of the most notorious drug histories because of its teratogenicity. Its widespread use in the 1960s led to a worldwide epidemic of phocomelia in inborns; this in turn led to its complete ban in most of the world. However, it has now been licensed for selected indications including graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation, wasting associated with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection, and leprosy. Little is known, however, about its use in children in these settings. Therefore, we report our experience and review the literature on thalidomide in children for GVHD after bone marrow transplantation. We studied 6 patients, 2 with chronic GVHD, 2 with acute GVHD, and 2 with acute GVHD progressing into chronic disease. One patient with chronic GVHD had a complete response, whereas the other had a partial response. Side effects consisted primarily of sedation and constipation, which are reported previously and well known side effects. None had neuropathy. One patient had rash, eosinophilia, and early pancreatitis that began shortly after initiation of thalidomide, persisted, and resolved only after discontinuation of thalidomide. Eosinophilia and pancreatitis are both previously unreported side effects or associated findings of thalidomide treatment. Review of the literature reveals three major studies of thalidomide in GVHD; of these two included children and adults together, and one in which age range of patients was not mentioned. In addition, four series of children receiving only thalidomide are reported. These series contained 1 to 14 patients each. Results show efficacy in at least 50% of children with chronic GVHD and little or no efficacy in children with exclusively acute GVHD. Side effects are similar to those reported in adults and consisted mostly of sedation and constipation, both of which subsided over time and resolved after discontinuing the drug. We speculate on the reasons for which thalidomide is more effective in chronic, compared with acute, GVHD in children, and make recommendations for future study.
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PMID:Thalidomide in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: series at a single institution and review of the literature. 1010 36

Gastrointestinal disorders are common in adolescents. Chronic abdominal pain, lactose intolerance, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome represent the most common gastrointestinal complaints, while inflammatory bowel disease is the major chronic disorder of concern to clinicians. Gallstones and pancreatitis may also be seen in this age group. The authors describe the diagnosis and treatment of these gastrointestinal disorders.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adolescents. 1035 Jul 72

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, is a racemate of four stereoisomers. On administration it rapidly de-esterifies to its active form, misoprostolic acid. Misoprostolic acid is 85% albumin bound and has a half-life of approximately 30 minutes. It is excreted in urine as inactive metabolites. No significant drug interactions have been reported. Besides its gastrointestinal protective and uterotonic activities, misoprostol regulates various immunologic cascades. It inhibits platelet-activating factor and leukocyte adherence, and modulates adhesion molecule expression. It protects against gut irradiation injury, experimental gastric cancer, enteropathy, and constipation. It improves nutrient absorption in cystic fibrosis. Misoprostol has utility in acetaminophen and ethanol hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, and fibrosis. It is effective in asthmatics and aspirin-sensitive asthmatic and allergic patients. It lowers cholesterol and severity of peripheral vascular diseases, prolongs survival of cardiac and kidney transplantation, synergizes cyclosporine, and protects against cyclosporine-induced renal damage. It works against drug-induced renal damage, interstitial cystitis, lupus nephritis, and hepatorenal syndrome. It is useful in periodontal disease and dental repair. Misoprostol enhances glycosoaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage after injury. It prevents ultraviolet-induced cataracts and reduces intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It synergizes antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of diclofenac or colchicine and has been administered to treat trigeminal neuralgic pain. It reduces chemotherapy-induced hair loss and recovery time from burn injury, and is effective in treating sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and pancreatitis.
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PMID:Misoprostol therapeutics revisited. 1119 38


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